scholarly journals Role of Low-Leve Nitrogen Laser Therapy in Tubercular Cold Abscess Not Responding to Surgery & Chemotherapy

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
NK Jain ◽  
A Bajpai ◽  
S Avashia ◽  
PK Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Laser Therapy ◽  
Pleural Fluid ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Nitrogen Laser ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
The World

Background: Tubercular empyema is one of the commonest chronic diseases in the developing countries of the world including India. As the problem of drug resistant strain of tubercular bacilli is increasing, new modalities of treatment that could act against resistant strain are needed. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of low- level nitrogen laser therapy (LLLT) as an adjuvant to anti-tubercular treatment in case of tubercular empyema that was not responding to conventional anti-tuberculosis drugs and repeated pus aspiration. Patient: The patient, a 19 year old male was diagnosed with tubercular empyema. He was not improving by conventional treatment and pus aspiration. The patient was administered intralesional nitrogen laser (337 nanometer, average power 5 mW) for 780 seconds at intervals of 72 hours up to 10 weeks. Results: After the fifth laser irradiation session, decrease in chest pain was reported and pus mixed with blood pleural fluid aspirated. After the tenth laser irradiation session, serous pleural fluid was aspirated. After 20 sessions of laser irradiation the empyema was healed completely and the patient also regained almost complete expansion of lung. Conclusion: LLLT was observed to results in the healing of the tubercular empyema and also found to make the empyema free of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, further randomized studies with more patients are needed to prove the efficacy of this method. Key words: Mycobacterium tuberculosis; empyema; laser  DOI: 10.3126/saarctb.v7i2.4402SAARC J. TUBER. LUNG DIS. HIV/AIDS 2010 VII(2) 26-29

scholarly journals GeneXpert MTB/RIF Assay for Rapid Identification of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Rifampicin Resistance Directly from Sputum Sample

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nourjahan Laskar ◽  
Md Akram Hossain ◽  
Jannatul Fardows ◽  
Mominur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Sputum Sample ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Background: The World Health Organization has endorsed the use of molecular methods for the detection of tuberculosis (TB) and drug resistant TB as a rapid method. In Bangladesh, the Xpert MTB/RIF assay has been implemented into reference laboratories for diagnosis of TB and also MDR TB.Objective: Drug resistant tuberculosis has long been a common problem prevailing in our country. The present study focused on the rapid identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as well as drug resistance.Materials and Methods: Sputum samples from a total of 107 cases, assumed as multi-drug resistance tuberculosis, were studied through GeneXpert assay.Results: Out of 107 cases, 91 (85.05%) were detected having M. tuberculosis ? 64 (59.81%) were rifampicin sensitive and 27 (25.23%) were rifampicin resistant. The sensitivity and specificity of the GeneXpert are 87.64% and 75% respectively.Conclusion: GeneXpert assay can be considered for the rapid diagnosis of drug resistant tuberculosis.J Enam Med Col 2017; 7(2): 86-89

scholarly journals Role of embB Codon 306 Mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Revisited: a Novel Association with Broad Drug Resistance and IS6110 Clustering Rather than Ethambutol Resistance

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 3794-3802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manzour Hernando Hazbón ◽  
Miriam Bobadilla del Valle ◽  
Marta Inírida Guerrero ◽  
Mandira Varma-Basil ◽  
Ingrid Filliol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Novel Association

ABSTRACT Mutations at position 306 of embB (embB306) have been proposed as a marker for ethambutol resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis; however, recent reports of embB306 mutations in ethambutol-susceptible isolates caused us to question the biological role of this mutation. We tested 1,020 clinical M. tuberculosis isolates with different drug susceptibility patterns and of different geographical origins for associations between embB306 mutations, drug resistance patterns, and major genetic group. One hundred isolates (10%) contained a mutation in embB306; however, only 55 of these mutants were ethambutol resistant. Mutations in embB306 could not be uniquely associated with any particular type of drug resistance and were found in all three major genetic groups. A striking association was observed between these mutations and resistance to any drug (P < 0.001), and the association between embB306 mutations and resistance to increasing numbers of drugs was highly significant (P < 0.001 for trend). We examined the association between embB306 mutations and IS6110 clustering (as a proxy for transmission) among all drug-resistant isolates. Mutations in embB306 were significantly associated with clustering by univariate analysis (odds ratio, 2.44; P = 0.004). In a multivariate model that also included mutations in katG315, katG463, gyrA95, and kasA269, only mutations in embB306 (odds ratio, 2.14; P = 0.008) and katG315 (odds ratio, 1.99; P = 0.015) were found to be independently associated with clustering. In conclusion, embB306 mutations do not cause classical ethambutol resistance but may predispose M. tuberculosis isolates to the development of resistance to increasing numbers of antibiotics and may increase the ability of drug-resistant isolates to be transmitted between subjects.

scholarly journals Efficacy of β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination is linked to WhiB4-mediated changes in redox physiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saurabh Mishra ◽  
Prashant Shukla ◽  
Ashima Bhaskar ◽  
Kushi Anand ◽  
Priyanka Baloni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Redox Potential ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Redox Sensor ◽  
Functional Linkage ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Inhibitor Combination ◽  
Lactamase Inhibitor

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) expresses a broad-spectrum β-lactamase (BlaC) that mediates resistance to one of the highly effective antibacterials, β-lactams. Nonetheless, β-lactams showed mycobactericidal activity in combination with β-lactamase inhibitor, clavulanate (Clav). However, the mechanistic aspects of how Mtb responds to β-lactams such as Amoxicillin in combination with Clav (referred as Augmentin [AG]) are not clear. Here, we identified cytoplasmic redox potential and intracellular redox sensor, WhiB4, as key determinants of mycobacterial resistance against AG. Using computer-based, biochemical, redox-biosensor, and genetic strategies, we uncovered a functional linkage between specific determinants of β-lactam resistance (e.g. β-lactamase) and redox potential in Mtb. We also describe the role of WhiB4 in coordinating the activity of β-lactamase in a redox-dependent manner to tolerate AG. Disruption of WhiB4 enhances AG tolerance, whereas overexpression potentiates AG activity against drug-resistant Mtb. Our findings suggest that AG can be exploited to diminish drug-resistance in Mtb through redox-based interventions.

scholarly journals CBNAAT Based Identification and Demographic Pattern of Drug Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in South Kashmir, India- a One Year Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Rubeena Hakkak ◽  
Saqib Rishi ◽  
Javid Ahmed Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
State Level ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
The World ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Extra Pulmonary

India is the highest TB burden country in the world having an estimated incidence of 26.9 lakh cases in 2019. With a population of 1.32 billion, India has the highest burden of drug resistant TB (DR-TB) in the world. North zone of India is the second highest MDR-TB prevalent zone after the West zone of India. MDR TB treatment involves prolonged treatment with injectable second-line drugs, associated with more adverse effects, suboptimal treatment outcomes and higher risks of mortality compared to patients with drug-sensitive TB and those with lesser resistant forms of TB. Materials methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the department of Microbiology Government Medical College Anantnag, data was analyzed from March 2017 to February 2018. Non-sterile specimens were processed by Modified Petroff Method. Sterile specimens were concentrated by centrifugation and smear and cultures was inoculated from the sediment. CBNAAT assay was performed by Gene Xpert (Cepheid) 4 system according to the manufacturers’ recommendations. Results: Of the total 1497 clinically suspected tuberculosis specimens collected, 1370 (91.5%) were pulmonary and 127 (8.5%) were presumptive extra pulmonary tuberculosis received from different anatomical sites. Maximum clustering of cases was seen in 10-20 years age group. Out of the total 1497 samples 200 were CBNAAT confirmed Mycobacterium Tuberculosis positive samples. In which 155 were pulmonary and 45 were extra pulmonary. The average percentage positivity rate (i.e. percentage of MTB positive samples out of total samples tested) was 13.3% (200/1497).  Rifampicin resistance (RR-TB) was seen in 5.5% (11/200) samples. Out of the samples detected positive (200): 155 were pulmonary samples and out of these 155 pulmonary samples 8 were found to be RR MTB 5.1% (8/155).  Also out of the 200 positive samples 45 were extra pulmonary and out of these 45 extra pulmonary samples 3 were found to be RR MTB 6.6% (3/45). Conclusion: In this study we found that in our region 5.5%  cases of TB were RR-TB, 3.2% were new cases and 13% RR-TB was seen in  previously treated cases of MTB. The screening of drug resistance has to be expanded to offer universal DST including expanded DST .The second and most important activity is to strengthen drug resistance surveillance under the various national programs with inclusion of laboratories in the private sector as well. The state level regional studies also give us the opportunity to plan and execute intervention prioritization, based on the drug resistance trends observed.

Simultaneous detection of drug-resistant mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and determining their role through in silico docking

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somanna Nachappa ◽  
Sumana Neelambike ◽  
Ahmad Sarikhani ◽  
Nallur Ramachandra
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
In Silico Docking

: A molecular method for diagnosis of drug-resistant Tuberculosis is Multiplex allele-specific PCR (MAS-PCR), which is more time-efficient. Also, understanding the role of mutations when translated to protein, in causing resistance helps better drug designing. Aims: To study MAS-PCR in the detection of drug resistance in comparison to DNA sequencing, and understand the mechanism of interaction of drugs with mutant proteins in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Methods: Detection of drug-resistant mutations using MAS-PCR and validation through DNA sequencing. MAS-PCR targeted four genes, iniA for the drug Ethambutol, rpsL and rrs for Streptomycin, and gyrA for Fluoroquinolone resistance, respectively. Further, the sequence data was analysed and modelled to study the effect on interaction of the anti-TB drug molecule with the target protein using in silico docking. Results: We identified drug-resistant mutations in four out of 95 isolates with one of them carrying a mutation at codon iniA501, two at gyrA94, and one for both iniA501 and gyrA94 using MAS-PCR. DNA sequencing confirmed drug-resistant mutations in only two isolates, whereas two others had mutation adjacent to the target allele. Molecular docking showed Estimated Free Energy of Binding (ΔG) being higher for Fluoroquinolone binding with GyrA D94V mutant. Both, wild and mutant IniA interact with EMB but had no significant effect on binding energy. Conclusions: DNA sequencing-based drug resistance detection of TB is more accurate than MAS-PCR. Understanding the role of mutations in influencing the drug-protein interaction will help in designing effective drug alternatives.

Is laser biostimulation safe even when performed in neoplastic fields?

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (29_suppl) ◽  
pp. 3-3
Author(s):  
Giulia Ottaviani ◽  
Serena Zacchigna ◽  
Margherita Gobbo ◽  
Katia Rupel ◽  
Alessandra Guglielmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Laser Therapy ◽  
Oral Mucositis ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Tumour Size ◽  
Tumour Volume ◽  
Tumour Mass ◽  
Neoplastic Cells

3 Background: Oral mucositis and skin dermatitis induced by oncological therapies can impair patients’ functional capacity and quality of life. Laser therapy has been proposed as an effective treatment for both conditions, although with an unclear mechanism. Laser irradiation seems to enhance mitotic activity of epithelial cells, fibroblasts and collagen fibres, but are we sure that it does not stimulate neoplastic cells as well? Two different mice models have been ad hoc created to investigate whether laser therapy can be safely performed even on neoplastic areas. Methods: First model: 4-NQO chemical carcinogen was administered to 50 mice for 16 weeks. During the 17th week, 25 mice were subdued to 4 daily laser therapy sessions (970nm, 2.5W/cm2, duty cycle 50%, 2Hz, 180J/cm2), while 25 mice were used as controls. Afterwards, animals were sacrificed to perform histological analysis. Second model: Melanoma cells were implanted in 48 mice at the dorsal subcutaneous level. A tumour mass developed at the site of injection and mice were homogeneously divided into 4 groups according to tumour size: 3 groups were subject to different laser protocols (660nm, 100mW/cm2, CW, 3J/cm2; 800nm, 1W/cm2, CW, 20J/cm2 and 970nm, 60mW/cm2, CW, 6J/cm2) for 4 consecutive days, while the fourth group was used as control. All animals were euthanized to measure tumour volume and weight, and to quantify tumour invasiveness through immunohistochemistry (CD68 and Melan-A). Results: First model: the number/extension of dysplastic/neoplastic areas did not increased after laser irradiation (p<0.05). Unexpectedly, while carcinomas are normally surrounded by dysplastic tissue displaying different degrees of cells alterations, laser treated carcinomas appeared as insulated lesions surrounded by healthy epithelium. Second model: tumour growth and weight and neoplastic cells infiltration were lower in all laser groups compared to the controls (p<0.05). Conclusions: The above-presented results may also prove that laser therapy can be safely performed to treat oral mucositis and skin dermatitis even in patients with active oncological disease. A key-role of the immune system may explain the peculiar behaviour of carcinomas and melanomas in response to laser irradiation.

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