Optimal Dietary Energy and Protein for Gilt Development: Growth and Body Composition, Feed Intake and Carcass Composition Traits

AbstractTo determine the effect of different dietary energy and protein levels on bodyweight and blood chemistry, 36 ostriches at 2 to 9 weeks of age for feeding conditions and 18 for blood chemistry parameters was used. The birds were divided into six treatment groups. Energy and protein levels of diet were 2400 and 2600 kcal/kg and 20%, 22%, and 24%, respectively. The feed intake and bodyweight gain were determined a weekly. Blood chemical parameters including glucose, HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate amino-transferase and alanine amino-transferase activity were determined. The highest weight gain during the whole experiment was observed in ostriches offered 2400 kcal · kg−1 dietary energy and 20% protein. The lowest level of total cholesterol and protein was observed in treatment V (2600 kcal · kg−1 dietary energy and 22% protein). The lowest level of glucose and triglycerides was noted after treatment I. The highest albumin and globulin concentrations were in treatment III (2400 kcal · kg−1 dietary energy and 24% protein) and treatment II (2400 kcal · kg−1 dietary energy and 22% protein), respectively. The energy level had no effect (P < 0.05) on feed intake and weight gain in all experimental period. The results of this study showed that with increasing energy and protein levels, most blood parameters increased in ostriches but total cholesterol did not.

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Genetic parameters of growth, feed intake, feed conversion and carcass composition of dual-purpose bulls in performance testing.

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.2527/1991.693931x ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 931 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

J Jensen ◽

I L Mao ◽

B B Andersen ◽

P Madsen

Keyword(s):

Feed Intake ◽

Genetic Parameters ◽

Performance Testing ◽

Carcass Composition ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Dual Purpose

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Metabolic and histochemical characteristics of fat and muscle tissues in homozygous or heterozygous pigs for the body composition QTL located on chromosome 7

Physiological Genomics ◽

10.1152/physiolgenomics.00270.2006 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 232-241 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Julie Demars ◽

Juliette Riquet ◽

Marie-Pierre Sanchez ◽

Yvon Billon ◽

Jean-François Hocquette ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Carcass Composition ◽

The Body ◽

Chromosome 7 ◽

Isolated Cells ◽

Large White ◽

Muscle Tissues ◽

Metabolism Enzymes ◽

Tissue Characteristics ◽

Qtl Effects

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) influencing many traits including backfat thickness and carcass composition have been detected on porcine chromosome 7 (SSC7) in an F2 cross between Large White (LW) and Meishan (MS) pigs. However, the genes and controlled pathways underlying the QTL effects on body phenotype remain unknown. This study aimed at investigating the tissue characteristics at metabolic and cellular levels in pigs that were either homozygous or heterozygous for a body composition SSC7 QTL. A backcross pig (BC3) was first progeny tested to confirm its heterozygoty for the SSC7 QTL; results on all offspring ( n = 80) confirmed the QTL effects on body fatness. This boar was then mated with three sows known to be heterozygous for this QTL. In the subset of pigs per genotype, we found that heterozygous LWQTL7/MSQTL7 pigs had smaller adipocytes in backfat, together with a lower basal rate of glucose incorporation into lipids and lower activities of selected lipogenic enzymes in backfat isolated cells, compared with homozygous LWQTL7/LWQTL7 pigs. A higher number of adipocytes was also estimated in backfat of LWQTL7/MSQTL7 animals compared with LWQTL7/LWQTL7 pigs. The SSC7 QTL did not influence oxidative and glycolytic metabolisms of longissimus and trapezius muscles, as estimated by the activities of specific energy metabolism enzymes, or the myofiber type properties. Altogether, this study provides new evidence for an altered adipocyte cellularity in backfat of pigs carrying at least one MS allele for the SSC7 QTL. Some candidate genes known for their functions on adipocyte growth and differentiation are suggested.

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Effects of dietary energy: protein ratio on growth characteristics and body composition of hybrid striped bass, Morone chrysops ♀ X M. saxatilis ♂

Aquaculture ◽

10.1016/0044-8486(92)90083-w ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 107 (4) ◽

pp. 359-368 ◽

Cited By ~ 87

Author(s):

Gholam R. Nematipour ◽

Michael L. Brown ◽

Delbert M. Gatlin

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Striped Bass ◽

Growth Characteristics ◽

Dietary Energy ◽

Hybrid Striped Bass ◽

Protein Ratio ◽

Morone Chrysops

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Insulin secretion, body composition and pig performance are altered by feeding pattern

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an13120 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 319 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ronald E. Newman ◽

Jeffery A. Downing ◽

Peter C. Thomson ◽

Cherie L. Collins ◽

David J. Henman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Secretion ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Plasma Insulin ◽

Feeding Strategy ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Carcass Composition ◽

Production Performance ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Entire Male

Three studies investigated the effect of feeding strategy on production performance and endocrine status of growing pigs. For Experiment 1, 20 entire male pigs (70.0 ± 4.6 kg) were allocated randomly to individual pens in one of four climate-controlled rooms. Pigs were fed for 23 days either ad libitum or entrained to feed bi-phasically for two 90-min periods. For Experiment 2, 20 entire male pigs (41.2 ± 3.5 kg) were housed as per Experiment 1. Pigs were fed for 49 days either ad libitum or fed bi-phasically for two 60-min periods. For Experiment 3, 100 female pigs (66.1 ± 3.5 kg) were randomly allocated to individual pens within a commercial piggery and fed for 42 days either ad libitum or bi-phasically for two 60-min periods. Ear vein catheters were inserted into 10 pigs from each group and hourly blood samples were collected for 24 h in Experiments 1 and 2 and for 11 h in Experiment 3. Plasma insulin, non-esterified fatty acid and glucose concentrations were determined in Experiments 1 and 2, and glucose and insulin concentrations in Experiment 3. Feed intake and performance were recorded in all experiments and carcass composition was assessed by computed tomography for Experiment 2. There were no differences in final liveweight between the two treatment groups for all experiments. Pigs fed for two 90-min periods (Experiment 1) showed no difference in feed intake when compared with feeding ad libitum. Pigs in Experiment 2 fed for two 60-min intervals consumed 2.49 kg/pig.day compared with those fed ad libitum that consumed 2.68 kg/day (P = 0.057). In Experiment 3, pigs fed twice daily consumed 2.82 kg/pig.day compared with 2.91 kg/pig.day in ad libitum-fed pigs (P = 0.051). Bi-phasic fed pigs in Experiment 2 had improved (P < 0.05) feed conversion efficiency compared with pigs fed ad libitum. For all experiments, there was no difference in plasma glucose concentrations between the two treatments. In all three experiments, the circulating insulin concentrations for pigs fed ad libitum remained at a constant level throughout the sampling period. However, plasma insulin concentrations for the bi-phasic fed pigs significantly increased ~1 h after both feeding periods during all three experiments. Insulin secretion of pigs fed for two 90-min periods differed from that of pigs fed for two 60-min periods. Plasma insulin concentration increased five-fold following feeding for 60 min, compared with that in pigs fed for 90 min, which increased two-fold. Bi-phasic-fed pigs from Experiment 2 had reduced (P < 0.05) total carcass fat and significantly increased muscle when compared with pigs fed ad libitum. The data showed that feeding pigs at two succinct periods aligned insulin secretion to the time of feeding. Pigs fed for 60 min, unlike those fed for 90-min intervals, had reduced feed intake in comparison to those fed ad libitum. This may suggest that the duration of the feeding bout is important for this response and this may in turn influence both energy balance and the way energy is partitioned.

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