scholarly journals Effects of dietary energy and animal frame size on feed intake, body composition and plasma concentrations of insulin and leptin in beef steers

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Crespo Ribeiro Filho
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Frame Size

scholarly journals Optimal Dietary Energy and Protein for Gilt Development: Growth and Body Composition, Feed Intake and Carcass Composition Traits

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia A. Calderón Díaz ◽  
Jeffrey L. Vallet ◽  
Terry Prince ◽  
Christina Phillips ◽  
Askley DeDecker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Gilt Development

EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND FEED INTAKE ON PLASMA CONCENTRATION OF THYROID HORMONES IN BEEF CATTLE

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. CHRISTOPHERSON ◽  
H. W. GONYOU ◽  
J. R. THOMPSON
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Outdoor Temperature ◽  
Cold Environments ◽  
Hormone Responses ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

In each of two experiments, plasma concentrations of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) and the Free Thyopac Index (FTI) were determined, at intervals during winter, in beef steers housed either indoors in a heated barn or in outdoor pens. During experiment 2, a comparison was also made of the effects of four feed intake levels ranging from one to two times maintenance. In both experiments, plasma concentrations of T4 and FTI values were higher in steers kept outdoors than those kept indoors. The highest plasma T4 concentrations and FTI values were recorded in outdoor steers on a maintenance level of feed intake during February when the mean outdoor temperature was −15 °C. Under these circumstances, increasing the level of feed intake to twice maintenance reduced plasma T4 concentrations and FTI values. Level of feed intake had no effect on either plasma T4 or FTI values in steers kept in a heated barn. Plasma T3 concentrations were higher in the outdoor than the indoor steers during experiment 2. Reducing feed intake from twice maintenance to maintenance levels resulted in a decrease in plasma T3 concentrations in steers kept outdoors, but not in those kept indoors in a heated barn. These results indicate that thyroid hormone responses of cattle to cold environments are influenced by the level of feed intake.

scholarly journals Optimal dietary energy and amino acids for gilt development: Growth, body composition, feed intake, and carcass composition traits

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Calderón Díaz ◽  
J. L. Vallet ◽  
T. J. Prince ◽  
C. E. Phillips ◽  
A. E. DeDecker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Gilt Development

Feed intake, body composition, and plasma metabolic hormones in Merino sheep that differ genetically in fleece weight or fibre diameter

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Adams ◽  
J. R. Briegel ◽  
J. C. Greeff ◽  
E. N. Bermingham
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Metabolic Hormones ◽  
Fleece Weight

Negative genetic correlations result in sheep selected for fleece weight having reduced fatness and reproductive turnoff. Both of these characteristics depend mainly on energy metabolism, but the links between wool growth and energy metabolism are poorly defined. The present study examined aspects of energy metabolism (body composition, feed intake, and metabolic hormones) in Merino sheep with high or low estimated breeding values for clean fleece weight (CFW) or fibre diameter (FD). The groups were selected to have similar mean liveweights. High CFW sheep had a lower proportion of fat (P < 0.01) and more lean tissue (P < 0.05) in their body, and ate more of a medium-quality diet (P < 0.05). Intake of a straw diet with low digestibility that imposed a physical constraint on feed intake was not associated with CFW. When fed at the same level (1.2 × calculated maintenance), high CFW sheep had lower plasma concentrations of glucose (P < 0.01), insulin (P < 0.05), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (P < 0.05), and higher concentrations of growth hormone (P < 0.001). Responses of plasma insulin or glucose to treatment with insulin, adrenaline, or propranolol were independent of CFW. No differences were found between the high and low FD groups, except that the plasma cortisol response to adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) was higher in sheep with low FD. Calculations indicate that the lower fat reserves and plasma insulin and glucose concentrations in the high CFW sheep are sufficient to account for previous reports of reduced number of lambs weaned in high CFW sheep. Furthermore, the results indicate that high CFW sheep have smaller metabolic energy reserves to withstand unfavourable feed conditions, and so may be less able to thrive and reproduce successfully in harsh feed environments.

Effects of compensatory growth on protein metabolism and meat tenderness of beef steers

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Bruce ◽  
D. N. Mowat ◽  
R. O. Ball
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Protein Solubility ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Meat Tenderness ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Corn Gluten

The relationships between meat tenderness and the changes in metabolism and body composition associated with compensatory growth in cattle were examined. Thirty-six steers were randomly allotted to 12 pens of three with three diets assigned randomly to the pens. Diets were alfalfa/grass silage, alfalfa/grass silage supplemented with corn gluten and bloodmeal and corn silage supplemented with soybean meal. Six steers from each treatment were slaughtered on each of days 124 and 175 of the trial to assess carcass characteristics. Following 124 d on trial, the remaining steers received a high-grain finishing diet. Blood and urine samples were collected throughout the trial for analyses of 3-methylhistidine, hydroxyproline and creatinine. At each slaughter, non-carcass components were cleaned and weighed. Lean, fat and bone proportions were estimated with a 9th-10th-11th rib dissection. Following dissection, the longissimus muscles were frozen at −10 °C for analysis of shear force, collagen and protein solubility. The steers fed the alfalfa/grass silage experienced compensatory growth within the first 14 d of the finishing phase. Steers fed the alfalfa/grass silage had lower gain throughout the growing phase (0–124 d), and empty body weight was less than that of the steers fed corn silage. Compensatory growth was observed in steers fed corn silage during the first 14 d of the finishing diet, as evidenced by higher gains compared with steers fed the other diets. Differences in body composition among treatments at 124 d and 175 d were related to dietary energy and not compensatory growth. Meat tenderness, measured by shear force, appeared to be affected primarily by dietary energy and intramuscular fat rather than by rate of growth. Key words: Compensatory growth, steers, meat tenderness, beef

scholarly journals PSV-18 The role of leptin in feed efficiency and behavior attributes of commercial beef heifers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 162-162
Author(s):  
Nayan Bhowmik ◽  
Kris A Ringwall ◽  
Carl R Dahlen ◽  
Kendall C Swanson ◽  
Jeffrey A Clapper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Frame Size ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Plasma Leptin

Abstract Leptin is a 16-kDa-peptide hormone product of the leptin gene (LEP) that is predominantly synthesized by adipose tissues and has known involvement in regulation of feed intake, energy expenditure, reproduction, and immune functions. The objective was to determine the association of leptin genotype (LEP c.73C &gt;T), leptin diplotype (LEPD) and plasma leptin hormone (LEPH) concentration with growth, feed intake, feed efficiency, and behavior characteristics in developing beef heifers. A total of 336 commercial beef heifers were genotyped for the LEP c.73C &gt;T marker. Four single nucleotide polymorphism markers including LEP c.73C &gt;T, ARS-BFGL-NGS-59298 (intron 1), BovineHD0400026029 (upstream) and BovineHD0400026063 (downstream) of LEP were considered for haplotype analysis. Eleven LEPD were identified for this study using parsimony-based analyses. Circulating levels of LEPH were measured on 333 heifers prior to their first breeding season and used to assign low or high concentration group based on population median. Data were analyzed using the mixed procedure of SAS for repeated measures, fixed effects of ancestral breed group (n = 4), dam age category (n = 4), frame size group (n = 4), project cycle nested within birth year (n = 6), week of feed trial × year, LEP (n = 3) or LEPD (n = 11) or LEPH (n = 2), as well as week × LEPH (only for LEPH). There were no significant differences between LEP genotypes (P ≥ 0.11) or LEPD (P ≥ 0.33) for any of the studied traits. Heifers with low LEPH ate fewer meals per day (P = 0.02) and had more DMI per meal (P = 0.04) compared to those with high plasma leptin. Further research is needed to better understand plasma LEPH concentration and its role in feeding behavior attributes. However, circulatory LEPH before the breeding season may serve as a predictor for feeding behavior.

scholarly journals Using different levels of energy and protein and their effects on bodyweight and blood chemistry of ostriches

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahereh Nikravesh-Masouleh ◽  
Alireza Seidavi ◽  
Magdalena Solka ◽  
Mohammad Dadashbeiki
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Bodyweight Gain ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Protein Levels

AbstractTo determine the effect of different dietary energy and protein levels on bodyweight and blood chemistry, 36 ostriches at 2 to 9 weeks of age for feeding conditions and 18 for blood chemistry parameters was used. The birds were divided into six treatment groups. Energy and protein levels of diet were 2400 and 2600 kcal/kg and 20%, 22%, and 24%, respectively. The feed intake and bodyweight gain were determined a weekly. Blood chemical parameters including glucose, HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate amino-transferase and alanine amino-transferase activity were determined. The highest weight gain during the whole experiment was observed in ostriches offered 2400 kcal · kg−1 dietary energy and 20% protein. The lowest level of total cholesterol and protein was observed in treatment V (2600 kcal · kg−1 dietary energy and 22% protein). The lowest level of glucose and triglycerides was noted after treatment I. The highest albumin and globulin concentrations were in treatment III (2400 kcal · kg−1 dietary energy and 24% protein) and treatment II (2400 kcal · kg−1 dietary energy and 22% protein), respectively. The energy level had no effect (P < 0.05) on feed intake and weight gain in all experimental period. The results of this study showed that with increasing energy and protein levels, most blood parameters increased in ostriches but total cholesterol did not.

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