scholarly journals Prepoznavanje i kartiranje šumskih staništa Natura 2000 u Hrvatskoj (II) – 91F0, poplavne šume s vrstama Quercus robur, Ulmus laevis, Ulmus minor, Fraxinus angustifolia; 91L0, hrastovo-grabove šume ilirskoga područja

2019 ◽  
Vol 143 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 461-467
Author(s):  
Ivana Plišo Vusić ◽  
Irena Šapić ◽  
Joso Vukelić

U članku je opisano 11 šumskih stanišnih tipova iz Nacionalne klasifikacije staništa Republike Hrvatske, koji su inače svrstani u stanišne tipove 91F0 i 91L0 Natura 2000. Prvi tip u Hrvatskoj obuhvaća povremeno poplavne i mokre šume hrasta lužnjaka u kojima prevladavaju higrofilne vrste, a tip 91L0 obuhvaća šume hrasta lužnjaka i običnoga graba na mikrouzvisinama nizinskoga područja i šume hrasta kitnjaka i običnoga graba u brežuljkastom vegetacijskom pojasu. U njima izostaju higrofiti, a velik je udio mezofilnih vrsta među kojima se u kitnjakovo-grabovim šumama ističu one ilirskoga flornoga geoelementa. Svaki je tip iz Nacionalne klasifikacije staništa kratko opisan uz navod dijagnostičkih pokazatelja važnih za njegovu identifikaciju i razgraničenje od povezanih tipova. Naveden je i odgovarajući kôd prema EUNIS-ovoj klasifikaciji i literatura u kojoj je podrobnije opisan.

Genetika ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-227
Author(s):  
Jelena Aleksic ◽  
Sasa Orlovic

Principles of the conservation of genetic resources of elms (Ulmus spp) do not differ fundamentally from the general principles accepted for the conservation of genetic resources of other common Noble Hardwoods. Efficient conservation can best be achieved through appropriate combination of in situ and ex situ methods, which have distinct advantages. Besides that, ex situ conservation is employed when emergency measures are needed for rare endangered populations and when populations are too small to be managed in situ (e.g. risks of genetic drift and inbreeding). The aim of our research is ex situ conservation of genetic resources of field elm {Ulmus minor Mill) and European white elm (Ulmus laevis Pall) through establishment of field genebanks. Sampling was conducted in one population of field elm and one population of white elm. Plant material (buds) from 8 trees of field elm and 10 trees of white elm was used for in vitro production of clones. Obtained clones will be used for establishment of field genebanks on the experimental estate of the Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment.


2002 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 189-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés V. Pérez Latorre ◽  
Patricia Navas ◽  
David Navas ◽  
Yolanda Gil ◽  
Baltasar Cabezudo

RESUMEN. Datos sobre la flora y vegetación de la cuenca del río Guadiamar (Sevilla-Huelva, España). Sc ha realizado un estudio florístico, fitocenológico y fitogeográfico de la cuenca hidrográfica del río Guadiamar (Sevilla-Huelva, Andalucía, España). Bioclimáticamente domina en la cuenca el piso termomecliterráneo (con un reducto mesomediterráneo al NW) y el ombrotipo subhúmedo (seco al S). Se propone una sectorización fitogeográfica para la cuenca a un nivel inferior al de sector y resaltando el papel de conector de la cuenca del Guadiamar entre la provincia Luso-Extremadurense (Sierra Morena) y la Tingitano-Onubo-Algarviense (arenales y marismas). Como resultado sobre la flora, se presenta un conjunto de especies de interés por estar protegidas, por su escasez en la cuenca, en Andalucía Occidental, o por indicar determinados ecosistemas frágiles o singulares. Respecto a la vegetación, el territorio presenta una gran diversidad de asociaciones y comunidades (96), algunas de ellas son novedades sintaxonómicas: Imperato cylindricae-Scirpetum holoschoeni, Cisto salvifolii-Ulicetum australis lavanduletosum sampaianae, Malcomio trilobae-Hytnenocarpetum hamosi loeflingietosunz baeticae, Ornithopi isthmocarpi-Anthoxantetum ovati y vulpietosum alopecuroris, Ranunculo peltati-Callitrichetum brutiae y Ranunculo hederacei-Callitrichetum stagnalis. Además se lectotipifican Polypogono monspeliensis-Ranunculetum scelerati y Scolymo maculati-Sylibetum mariani. Se han catalogado 13 series de vegetación, 5 de tipo climatófilo, dominadas por fagáceas (Quercus suber y Quercus rotundtfolia) con faci aciones de Pious pinea, Olea europaea var. sylvestris o Quercus broteroi, y 8 de tipo edafohidrófi lo (caracterizadas respectivamente por Populus alba, Fraxinus angustifolia, Ulmus minor, Alnus glutinosa, Salix pedicellata, Nerium oleander, Tamariz gallica y Securinega tinctorea). Así mismo, aparecen complejos edafogénicos (mosaicos) de vegetación halófila en Entremuros (Parque Natural de Doñana) y de vegetación dulceacuícola por toda la cuenca. La vegetación permanente edafoxerófila corresponde a Genistetum polyanthi. Se presentan un esquema sintaxonómico, tablas fitosociológicas de novedades y un mapa de las series de vegetación.Palabras clave. Flora, vegetación, Fitogeografía, río Guadiamar, Sevilla, Huelva, Andalucía, España.SUMMARY. Flora and vegetation in the basin of the Guadiamar river (Seville-Huelva, Spain). We have carried out a floristical, phytocoenological and phytogeographical study about the Guadiamar river basin (Seville-Huelva, Andalusia, Spain). Thermo-mediterranean bioclimatic belt (appearing a little meso-mediterranean belt area towards NW) and sub humid ombro-type (dry towards S) characterises the basin. It is proposed a phytogeographical scheme under sector level for the Guadiamar basin. Stands out the corridor role of the Guadiamar river between the phytogeographical provinces Luso-Extremadurense (Sierra Morena) and Tingitano-Onubo- Algarviense (sandy lands and marshes). A group of species are highlighted as a result of being protected, rare in the basin or in Western Andalusia or because of living in fragile or singular ecosystems. Regarding the vegetation, a high diversity of plant communities has been found (96), some of them are new syntaxa or combinations: Impercaocylindricae-Scirpetumholoschoeni, Cisto salvifolii-Ulicetum australis lavanduletosum sampaianae, Malcomio trilobae- flymenocarpetum hamosi loeflingietosum baeticae, Ornithopi istlunocarpi-Anthoxantetum ovati and vulpietosutn alopecuroris, Ranunculo peltati-Callitrichetum brutiae, Ranunculo hederacei- Callitrichetum stagnalis. Two syntaxa are lectotypified here: Polypogono tnonspeliensis- Ranunculetum scelerati and Scolymo niaculati-Sylibetum mariani. 13 vegetation series have been recorded: 5 climactic, characterised by Quercus sober and Quercus rotundifolia showing variants with Pious pinea, Olea sylvestris or Quercus broteroi. 8 series are linked to riverside biotopes and respectively characterised by Populus alba, Fraxinus angustifolia, Ulmus minor, Alnus glutinosa, Salix pee/ice//ala, Nerium oleander, Tamarix gal lica and Securinega tinctorea. Halophytic vegetation (mosaics) is located in Entremuros near the Doilana marshes and also wetlands with hydrophilic vegetation are spread all over the basin. Soil-xeric permanent vegetation is represented by Genistetum polyanthi. A syntaxonomical scheme, phytosociological tables and one map of the vegetation series are also included.Key words. Flora, vegetation, Phytogeography, Guadiamar river basin, Seville, Huelva, Andalusia, Spain.


2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emrah Cicek ◽  
Fahrettin Tilki ◽  
Semsettin Kulac ◽  
Murat Yilmaz ◽  
Faruk Yilmaz

2018 ◽  
Vol 142 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 576-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateo Gašparović ◽  
Ivan Balenović ◽  
Ante Seletković ◽  
Anita Simic Milas

Digitalni model reljefa (DTM, engl. Digital Terrain Model) ima široku i važnu primjenu u mnogim djelatnostima, uključujući i šumarstvo. Međutim, precizno modeliranje terena, odnosno izrada DTM-a u šumama, bilo korištenjem terenskih metoda ili metoda daljinskih istraživanja, izazovan je i vrlo zahtjevan zadatak. U većini razvijenih zemalja svijeta, zračno lasersko skeniranje (ALS, engl. Airborne Laser Scanning) bazirano na LiDAR (engl. Light Detection and Ranging) tehnologiji trenutno predstavlja glavnu metodu za izradu DTM-a. Uslijed mogućnosti laserskog zračenja da penetrira kroz krošnje drveća, LiDAR tehnologija se pokazala kao efektivna i brza metoda za izradu DTM-a u šumskim područjima s vrlo velikom točnošću. Međutim, u mnogim zemljama svijeta, uključujući i Hrvatsku, zračno lasersko skeniranje nije u potpunosti provedeno, tj. samo su manji dijelovi zemlje pokriveni s podacima zračnog laserskog skeniranja. U tim slučajevima, DTM temeljen na stereo-fotogrametrijskoj izmjeri aerosnimaka potpomognut s terenskim podacima najčešće predstavlja glavni izvor informacija za izradu DTM-a. Poznato je da tako izrađen DTM u šumskim predjelima ima manju točnost od DTM-a dobivenog na temelju zračnog laserskog skeniranja zbog pokrivenosti terena vegetacijom. Također, u okviru nedavno provedenog istraživanja (Balenović i dr., 2018) utvrđeno je da takvi službeni fotogrametrijski digitalni podaci terena u šumskim predjelima sadrže određen broj tzv. grubih grešaka, koje mogu značajno utjecati na točnost izrađenog DTM-a. Nakon vizualnog detektiranja i manualnog uklanjanja tih pogrešaka, Balenović i dr. (2018) utvrdili su značajno poboljšanje točnosti fotogrametrijskog DTM-a. Stoga je glavni cilj ovoga rada razviti automatsku metodu za detekciju i eliminaciju vertikalnih pogrešaka u fotogrametrijskim digitalnim podacima terena te na taj način poboljšati točnost fotogrametrijskog DTM-a u nizinskim šumskim područjima Hrvatske. Ideja je razviti brzu, jednostavnu i učinkovitu metodu koja će biti primjenjiva i za druga šumska područja sličnih karakteristika, a za koja ne postoje DTM dobiven zračnim laserskim skeniranjem. Istraživanje je provedeno u nizinskim šumama na području gospodarske jedinice Jastrebarski lugovi, u neposrednoj blizini Jastrebarskog (Slika 1). Istraživanjem je obuhvaćena površina od 2.005,74 ha, na kojoj su u najvećoj mjeri zastupljene jednodobne sastojine hrasta lužnjaka (Quercus robur L.), a u ma­njoj mjeri jednodobne sastojine poljskog jasena (Fraxinus angustifolia L.) te jednodobne sastojine običnoga graba (Carpinus betulus L.). Nadmorska visina područja istraživanja kreće se u rasponu od 105 do 121 m. Fotogrametrijski DTM (DTM<sub>PHM</sub>) je izrađen iz digitalnih vektorskih podataka terena (prijelomnice, linije oblika, markantne točke terena i pravokutne mreže visinskih točaka) nabavljenih iz Državne geodetske uprave (Slika 2). Ti podaci predstavljaju nacionalni standard i jedini su dostupni podaci za izradu DTM-a u Hrvatskoj. Detaljan opis vektorskih podataka dan je u radu Balenović i dr. (2018). Prvo je iz digitalnih terenskih podataka izrađena nepravilna mreža trokuta, koja je potom linearnom interpolacijom pretvorena u rasterski DTM<sub>PHM</sub> prostorne rezolucije (veličine piksela) 0,5 m. Automatska metoda za detekciju i eliminaciju vertikalnih pogrešaka fotogrametrijskog DTM-a u nizinskim šumskim područjima razvijena je u slobodnom programskom paketu Grass GIS (Slika 3). Kombinacijom vrijednosti nagiba i tangencijalne zakrivljenosti terena rasterskog DTM<sub>PHM</sub> (Slika 4), automatskom metodom su detektirane 91 grube greške (engl. outliers). Drugim riječima, utvrđeno je da 91 točkasti vektorski objekt pogrešno prikazuje stvarnu visinu terena. Navedeni broj čini 3,2 % od ukupnog broja točkastih objekata korištenih za izradu DTM<sub>PHM</sub>-a. Nakon eliminacije detektiranih pogrešaka izrađen je novi, korigirani fotogrametrijski DTM (DTM<sub>PHMc</sub>). Za ocjenu vertikalne točnosti izvornog (DTM<sub>PHM</sub>) i korigiranog DTM-a (DTM<sub>PHMc</sub>) korišten je visoko precizni DTM dobiven zračnim laserskim skeniranjem (DTM<sub>LiD</sub>). U tu svrhu su izrađeni rasteri razlika između DTM<sub>PHM </sub>i DTM<sub>LiD</sub>, te između DTM<sub>PHMc </sub>i DTM<sub>LiD</sub>. Kako je preliminarnom analizom utvrđeno da vertikalne razlike između DTM<sub>PHM </sub>i DTM<sub>LiD</sub> nisu normalno distribuirane (Slika 5), za ocjenu točnosti su uz normalne mjere točnosti korištene i tzv. robusne mjere točnosti (Tablica 2). Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju na poboljšanje vertikalne točnosti fotogrametrijskog DTM-a primjenom razvijene automatske metode. To je posebice uočljivo na podpodručjima 2 i 3 (Slika 6 i 7) u kojima se nakon uklanjanja detektiranih grešaka, korijen srednje kvadratne pogreške (RMSE, engl. root mean square error) smanjio za 8 % odnosno 50 % (Tablica 2). Na temelju dobivenih rezultata i usporedbe s DTM<sub>LiD</sub>, može se zaključiti da predložena metoda uspješno detektira i eliminira vertikalne pogreške fotogrametrijskog DTM-a u nizinskim šumskim područjima, te slijedom toga poboljšava njegovu vertikalnu točnost.


2008 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 215-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés V. Pérez-Latorre ◽  
Gonzalo Caballero ◽  
Federico Casimiro-Soriguer Solanas ◽  
Oscar Gavira ◽  
Baltasar Cabezudo

RESUMEN. Vegetación del sector Malacitano-Axarquiense (Comarca de La Axarquía, Montes deMálaga y Corredor de Colmenar). Málaga (España). Se ha realizado un estudio fitocenológico,florístico y fitogeográfico del sector Malacitano-Axarquiense (provincia Bética, Región Mediterránea),que coincide en gran medida con la comarca natural de la Axarquía, Montes de Málaga y Corredor deColmenar (provincia de Málaga, Andalucía, España). Bioclimáticamente aparecen los pisostermomediterráneo seco y subhúmedo y el piso mesomediterráneo subhúmedo. Se propone unasectorización fitogeográfica a un nivel inferior al de sector, con 5 unidades: unidad Axarquiense (lamás oriental), unidad Montes de Málaga (la de mayor elevación y precipitación anual), unidad Almogía(la más occidental), unidad Hacho de Pizarra (geomorfológicamente aislada) y unidad Corredor deColmenar (al norte de las anteriores). Se han recolectado algunos táxones de interés por su grado deamenaza, por estar protegidos, por ser endemismos o muy escasos. El territorio presenta una elevadacantidad de sintaxones (85) si tenemos en cuenta que ha sufrido una fuerte antropización por lainfluencia de la ciudad de Málaga y por la gran extensión de cultivos marginales. De estos sintaxonesdestacan algunas novedades como un tipo de alcornocal (Centaureo sempervirentis-Quercetum suberis)o una alianza de pastizales vivaces otoñales (Ranunculion bullati). Se han catalogado 13 series devegetación: 4 de tipo climatófilo caracterizadas por vegetación climácica de árboles planifolios(Quercus rotundifolia, Quercus suber); 6 edafohidrófilas con vegetación climácica dominada porárboles caducifolios (Populus alba, Ulmus minor, Fraxinus angustifolia) o arbustos de riberas o nivelesfreáticos (Salix pedicellata, Neirum oleander, Tamarix africana); 3 edafoxerófilas caracterizadasclimácicamente por arbustos relictuales (Maytenus senegalensis, Juniperus turbinata) o árboles (Oleasylvestris). La vegetación de complejos edafogénicos se desarrolla en suelos con niveles freáticos(Coriaria myrtifolia), lagunas (hidrófitos), dunas y arenales (psammófitos) y acantilados litorales(Limonium malacitanum). Se aportan en este trabajo el esquema sintaxonómico, los inventarios y/otablas fitosociológicas de novedades o interés especial y un mapa fitogeográfico.Palabras clave. Vegetación, fitogeografía, sintaxonomía, Montes de Málaga, Axarquía, Málaga,Andalucía, España.SUMMARY. Vegetation of the Axarquia, Montes de Malaga and Colmenar Corridor (Malacitano-Axarquiense phytogeographical sector) Málaga (Spain). A series of phytocoenological, floristic andphytogeographical studies have been made in the Malacitano-Axarquiense sector (Betica province,Mediterranean region) that corresponds to the local territories of Axarquía, Montes de Málaga andCorredor de Colmenar (Malaga province, Andalusia, Spain). The bioclimatic belts of the studiedterritory are thermomediterranean dry and subhumid and mesomediterranean subhumid. The proposedphytogeographical division under sector level delimits 5 units: Axarquiense (eastern most), Montesde Málaga (the highest and with higher rainfall), Almogía (western most), Hacho de Pizarra(lithologically isolated) and Corredor de Colmenar (located at the north of the others). Some interestingplants have been pointed out due to its endangered status or being protected by law, endemics or rare.In the studied territory develop a large number of sintaxa (85) if we consider that the land has suffereda strong man influence (large expanse of dry-farmed crops) and it is very near to the city of Málaga.Some sintaxa stand out: a new type of Quercus suber forest (Centaureo sempervirentis-Quercetumsuberis) and a new alliance for autumnal geophyte grasslands (Ranunculion bullati). A total amountof 13 vegetation series have been catalogued: 4 series are climactic and characterised by sclerophyllbroad-leaved trees (Quercus rotundifolia, Quercus suber); 6 edaphohydrophyllic series with climaxcharacterised by deciduous trees (Populus alba, Ulmus minor, Fraxinus angustifolia) or tall shrubs(Salix pedicellata, Neirum oleander, Tamarix africana) in riversides or underground water tables; 3edaphoxerophyllic series characterised by relict shrublands (Maytenus senegalensis, Juniperusturbinata) or trees (Olea sylvestris). The vegetation that develops in mosaic-complexes correspondsto damp soils (Coriaria myrtifolia), pools (hydrophytes), dunes and sandy areas (psammophytes) andcoastal cliffs (Limonium malacitanum). This work includes a syntaxonomical scheme, relevés ortables for interesting new phytosociological sintaxa and a phytogeographical map.Key words. Vegetation, Phytogeography, sintaxonomy, Montes de Málaga, Axarquía, Malaga,Andalusia, Spain.


2009 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 145-173
Author(s):  
Andrés V. Pérez Latorre ◽  
Gonzalo Caballero ◽  
Federico Casimiro-Soriguer Solanas ◽  
Oscar Gavira ◽  
Baltasar Cabezudo

RESUMEN. Vegetación de la cordillera Antequerana Oriental (subsector Torcalense). Málaga-Granada (España). Se ha realizado un estudio fitocenológico, florístico y fitogeográfico del subsector Torcalense en su parte sudoriental (sector Antequerano, provincia Bética, Región Mediterránea), que abarca diversas sierras del Arco Calizo Central de Málaga y que se adentran en Granada (Andalucía, España). Bioclimáticamente aparecen los pisos termomediterráneo subhúmedo, mesomediterráneo subhúmedo-húmedo y supramedite- rráneo húmedo. Se propone una sectorización fitogeográfica a un nivel inferior al de sector, con 2 unidades: unidad Pedrizas (la más occidental), y unidad de Zafarraya (más oriental). Se han seleccionado algunos táxones de interés por su grado de amenaza (ej. Salvia candelabrum), por estar protegidos (ej. Prunus mahaleb) o por ser endemismos torcalenses (Saxifraga biternata) o muy escasos (ej. Narcissus elegans). El territorio presenta una elevada cantidad de sintaxones (49) si tenemos en cuenta su pequeña extensión y homogeneidad litológica. De estos sintaxones destacan algunas novedades como un nuevo tipo de quejigal (Vinco difformis-Quercetum fagineae). Se han catalogado 8 series de vegetación: 4 de tipo climatófilo caracterizadas por vegetación climácica de árboles planifolios, perennifolios o marcescentes (Quercus rotundifolia, Quercus faginea) 1 edafoxerófila con acebuches (Olea sylvestris) y 3 edafohidrófilas con vegetación climácica dominada por árboles caducifolios (Ulmus minor, Fraxinus angustifolia) o arbustos (Nerium oleander) de riberas o niveles freáticos. La vegetación de complejos edafogénicos se desarrolla en karst (Acer monspessulanum) o lagunas (Ranunculus saniculifolius, R. tricophyllus). Se aportan en este trabajo las especies de interés, el esquema sintaxonómico, los inventarios y/o tablas fitosociológicas de novedades o interés especial y un mapa fitogeográfico.Palabras clave. Vegetación, fitogeografía, sintaxonomía, sector Antequerano, Málaga, Andalucía, España.ABSTRACT. Vegetation of the eastern Antequera mountain range (Torcalense subsector). Malaga-Granada (Spain). We have studied the vegetation and flora of the south-eastern Torcalense phytogeographical subsector (Antequerano sector, Bética province, Mediterranean region). This area comprises several mountain ranges in the centre of the province of Malaga, entering western Granada province. Three bioclimatic belts have been detected: thermomediterranean subhumid, mesomediterranean subhumid-humid and supramediter- ranean humid. Two phytogeographical units, under subsector level, are proposed: Pedrizas unit (western) and Zafarraya unit (eastern). Some interesting taxa have been found in the territory; they are endangered (e. g. Salvia candelabrum), protected (e. g. Prunus mahaleb), local endemism (Saxifraga biternata) or scarce plant (e. g. Narcissus elegans). The studied area shows a high number of plant communities (49) if we take into account its little area and homogeneous lithology. We point out some new syntaxa as a Quercus faginea forest (Vinco difformis-Quercetum fagineae). A total of 8 vegetation series have been detected: 4 series are climatophyllous and characterised by sclerophyllous or winter-deciduous broad-leafed trees (Quercus rotundifolia, Quercus faginea); 1 edaphoxerophyllic series is characterised by Olea sylvestris; 3 series are edaphohidrophyllic and characterised by deciduous trees (Ulmus minor, Fraxinus angustifolia) or tall shrubs (Nerium oleander) in riversides and river beds with underground water tables. The vegetation that develops as mosaic-complexes belongs to karst (Acer monspessulanum) or pools (Ranunculus saniculifolius, R. tricophyllus). The more interesting species, a syntaxonomical scheme, relevés and tables, and a phytogeo- graphical map are included.Key words. Vegetation, Phytogeography, syntaxonomy, Antequerano sector, Malaga, Andalusia, Spain.


2019 ◽  
pp. 40-54
Author(s):  
N.V. Ivanisova ◽  
L.V. Kurinskaya

The relevance of the research is related to the improvement of the sustainability of park stands of the Rostov region, which have historical significance and conservation status. The longterm monitoring of the accumulation of heavy metals contributes to the establishment of the biogeochemical role of woody plants. The purpose of the research is to identify the biogeochemical activity of parkland stands of the steppe zone based on the study of the species and age composition of woody plants and the biological absorption coefficients of heavy metals. The coefficient of biological absorption (CBP) reflects the degree of concentration of the element in plants compared with adjacent media. KBP the ratio of the content of the element in the dry matter to the content in the soil on which they grow. This coefficient characterizes the intensity of extraction of chemical elements from the soil. In this case, the PCU for each element is largely determined by both chemical properties and the need of plants. The objects of research are parklands of RostovonDon, Taganrog, Novocherkassk, Azov and Bataysk. They are represented by trees aged 4050 years (7580). Trees over the age of 50 years (25) are found in the city of Taganrog. On the territory of the parks of Bataysk, a fairly large percentage of plantations (37) are represented by trees up to 20 years. It has been established that the species composition of park stands is represented by 11 species (Quercus robur L., Aesculus hippocastanum L., Ulmus laevis Pall, Fraxinus excelsior L., Fraxinus lanceolata Borkh, Robinia pseudoacacia L., Tilia platyphyllos Scop, Acer platanoides L., Acer negundo L., Populus alba L., Populus sowietica pyramidalis Jabl.) from 8 families (Fagaceae, Hippocastanaceae, Ulmaceae, Oleaceae, Fabaceae, Tiliaceae, Aceraceae, Salicaceae). Revealed dominant species in the park landscapes of the studied cities. Based on the monitoring of the park landscapes of the city of RostovonDon, it was revealed that during the growing season, the largest amount of metals deposited on the leaf surfaces of maple and linden. The selectivity of metal deposition by individual species is manifested in the accumulation of certain metals by them. On all studied objects (20022018), total accumulation of heavy metals by leaves of woody plants was calculated. The maximum coefficients of biological absorption were established: according to Zn(Populus sowietica pyramidalis, Populus alba, Ulmus laevis) Cu (Fraxinus excelsior, Aesculus hippocastanum, Quercus robur) Ni (Acer platanoides, Populus alba, Ulmus laevis). The minimum coefficient of biological absorption is set for Zn and Cu for Acer negundo, for Ni Tilia platyphyllos. A register of woody plants has been compiled to reduce the biogeochemical activity coefficient: Fraxinus excelsior Populus sowietica pyramidalis Populus alba (0,4) Aesculus hippocastanum Quercus robur (0,3) Acer platanoides Tilia platyphyllos Ulmus laevis Robinia pseudoacaciaia (0,2) Acer negundo Fraxinus lanceolata (0,1). Thus, the content of macroelements in plants has been established, which is determined by the systematic position family, genus and species. The parameters of the coefficients of biological absorption, and their dynamics depending on time (for example, the vegetation phase), the age of the organism, the soil, are recommended to be used as indicators of sustainability and selection of the assortment when renovating historical park landscapes. Актуальность исследований связана с повышением устойчивости парковых насаждений Ростовской области, которые имеют историческое значение и природоохранный статус. Проведение многолетнего мониторинга по накоплению тяжелых металлов вносит вклад в установлении биогеохимической роли древесных растений. Цель исследований выявление биогеохимической активности парковых насаждений степной зоны на основе изучения видового, возрастного состава древесных растений и коэффициентов биологического поглощения тяжелых металлов. Коэффициент биологического поглощения (КБП) отражает степень концентрации элемента в растениях по сравнению с сопредельными средами. КБП отношение содержания элемента в сухом веществе к содержанию в почве, на которой они произрастают. Этот коэффициент характеризует интенсивность извлечения химических элементов из почвы. При этом КБП для каждого элемента во многом определяется как химическими свойствами, так и потребностью растений. Объекты исследований парковые насаждения РостованаДону, Таганрога, Новочеркасска, Азова и Батайска. Они представлены деревьями в возрасте от 4050 лет (7580). Деревья в возрасте более 50 лет (25) встречаются на территории города Таганрога. На территории парков г. Батайска довольно большой процент насаждений (37) представлен деревьями до 20 лет. Установлено, что видовой состав парковых насаждений представлен 11 видами (Quercus robur L., Aesculus hippocastanum L., Ulmus laevis Pall, Fraxinus excelsior L., Fraxinus lanceolata Borkh, Robinia pseudoacacia L., Tilia platyphyllos Scop, Acer platanoides L., Acer negundo L., Populus alba L., Populus sowietica pyramidalis Jabl.) из 8 семейств (Fagaceae, Hippocastanaceae, Ulmaceae, Oleaceae, Fabaceae, Tiliaceae, Aceraceae, Salicaceae). Выявлены доминирующие виды в парковых ландшафтах изучаемых городов. На основе мониторинга парковых ландшафтах города РостованаДону выявлено, что за вегетационный период в наибольшее количество металлов осаждалось на листовых поверхностях клёна и липы. Избирательность осаждений металлов отдельными видами проявляется в накоплении ими определённых металлов. На всех изученных объектах (20022018 гг.) были рассчитаны суммарные показатели накопления тяжёлых металлов листьями древесных растений. Установлены максимальные коэффициенты биологического поглощения: по Zn (Populus sowietica pyramidalis, Populus alba, Ulmus laevis) по Cu (Fraxinus excelsior, Aesculus hippocastanum, Quercus robur) по Ni (Acer platanoides, Populus alba, Ulmus laevis). Минимальный коэффициент биологического поглощения установлен по Zn и Cu для Acer negundo, по Ni Tilia platyphyllos. Составлен реестр древесных растений по снижению коэффициента биогеохимической активности: Fraxinus excelsior Populus sowietica pyramidalis Populus alba (0,4) Aesculus hippocastanum Quercus robur (0,3) Acer platanoides Tilia platyphyllos Ulmus laevis Robinia pseudoacacia (0,2) Acer negundo Fraxinus lanceolata (0,1). Таким образом, установлено содержание макроэлементов в растениях, которое определяется систематическим положением семейством, родом и видом. Параметры коэффициентов биологического поглощения, и их динамика в зависимости от времени (например, фазы вегетации), возраста организма, почв рекомендуется использовать в качестве индикаторов устойчивости и подбора ассортимента при реновации исторических парковых ландшафтов.


2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Tomáš Kučera ◽  
Vladimír Kunca ◽  
Jan Holec

AbstractPluteus fenzlii is a rare Eurasian lignicolous fungus, an iconic bright yellow species that attracts attention. Its habitat in the Białowieża Virgin Forest, Poland, is dominated by Carpinus betulus with admixture of Quercus robur, Tilia cordata and Picea abies, with an herb layer typical for the Carpinion betuli alliance. In Slovakia, the country hosting the highest number of localities worldwide, P. fenzlii prefers closed canopy of thermophilous forest with dominance of Quercus cerris and adjacent Quercus robur agg., Q. petraea agg., Carpinus betulus and Tilia cordata. In the Natura 2000 classification this vegetation belongs to habitat 91M0, Pannonian-Balkanic Turkey Oak-Sessile Oak forests, and priority habitat 91G0, Pannonic woods with Quercus petraea and Carpinus betulus. The Slovak localities can be assigned to the mycosociological community Boleto (aerei)–Russuletum luteotactae, typical for thermophilous oak forests of Southern Europe and extrazonal areas in Central Europe. The presence of P. fenzlii at the isolated Białowieża locality could represent either a remote site of its present occurrence or a remnant of its former distribution, connected with the relict occurrence of thermophilous vegetation in Białowieża where continental oak forests have already disappeared.


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