scholarly journals COLOR AND MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SLAKED LIME MORTAR USED FOR HISTORICAL MASONRY STRUCTURES FOR REPAIR BASED ON SIX AND HALF YEARS MEASUREMENTS

2006 ◽  
Vol 71 (602) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Takayoshi AOKI ◽  
Norio ITO
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Lime Mortar ◽  
Slaked Lime ◽  
Historical Masonry

scholarly journals A Fundamental Study on Mechanical Characteristics of Mortar Used for Historical Masonry Structures

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Takayoshi Aoki ◽  
Norio Ito ◽  
Terunori Kadoya ◽  
Atsunori Miyamura
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Fundamental Study ◽  
Historical Masonry

THE EFFECT OF MOISTURE ON SIGNIFICANT MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MASONRY

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiri Witzany ◽  
Tomas Cejka ◽  
Radek Zigler
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Historical Structures ◽  
Historical Masonry ◽  
Effect Of Moisture ◽  
Masonry Units ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Characteristics

Experimental and laboratory research into residual physical and mechanical characteristics of historical masonry structures (GAČR 2008; Witzany 2008), in particular the determination of residual strength and modulus of elasticity in compression, included research oriented towards the effect of moisture and porosity on the respective characteristics of masonry units – bricks, sandstone and arenaceous marl. Partial results published in (Witzany et al. 2008) and in this paper testify to the need for further research into the effects of porosity, moisture and chemism on the development of characteristics of building materials applied on historical structures.

scholarly journals Historic Lime-Mortar 14C Dating of Santa María La Real (Zarautz, Northern Spain): Extraction of Suitable Grain Size for Reliable 14C Dating

Radiocarbon ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (01) ◽  
pp. 23-36
Author(s):  
Luis Angel Ortega ◽  
Maria Cruz Zuluaga ◽  
Ainhoa Alonso-Olazabal ◽  
Xabier Murelaga ◽  
Maite Insausti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
14C Dating ◽  
Lime Mortar ◽  
Parish Church ◽  
Slaked Lime ◽  
Lime Mortars ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Detrital Carbonate

This paper describes a method for effective separation of the pure binder fraction of lime mortars for reliable radiocarbon dating. The methodology allows removal of the detrital carbonate fraction and the unburnt limestone particles, obtaining particles of under 1 μm. The extracted fraction ensured that all carbonate has been generated by slaked lime carbonation. Consequently, the measured carbon corresponds to atmospheric carbon. The proposed method allows to obtain pure datable binder, simplifying considerably the performance of radiometric measurements because dating other grain-size fraction is unnecessary. In order to prove the effectiveness of binder refining, the extraction method has been applied to 5 lime mortars of different archaeological periods from the perimeter walls of Santa María la Real parish church (Zarautz, northern Spain).

Remediation and protection of masonry structures with crystallising moisture blocking treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazen J. Al-Kheetan ◽  
Mujib M. Rahman ◽  
Denis A. Chamberlain
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Lime Mortar ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Water Ingress ◽  
Surface Moisture ◽  
Key Driver ◽  
Dry And Wet Conditions ◽  
Sustainable Materials

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the performance of new and innovative crystallising materials, so-called moisture blockers, in protecting masonry structures from water ingress. Design/methodology/approach Two masonry wells were constructed: one with lime mortar and the other with cement-based mortar in order to hold water inside, and then a moisture blocking product was applied at dry and wet conditions to the negative hydrostatic pressure side. The moisture levels of both, the surfaces and the substrate, were then observed for 14 days. Findings Results demonstrated that moisture blocking materials are effective methods in reducing the levels of surface moisture for bricks, mortar-brick interface and mortar. Originality/value Moisture blockers use the available water in the masonry to block the passage of water to the surface of the masonry, filling pores, cracks and spaces at the interface between mortar and bricks. This approach will deliver a wider understanding of how water-based moisture blockers work and the scenarios in which they are best applied. The pursuit of possible environmentally friendly and sustainable materials for use in the construction industry is the key driver of this research.

scholarly journals The Impact of Timber Roof Framework Over Historical Masonry Structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 603 ◽  
pp. 042030
Author(s):  
Eugen Onescu ◽  
Iasmina Onescu ◽  
Marius Mosoarca
Keyword(s):  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Historical Masonry ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Acoustic Emission Health Monitoring of Historical Masonry to Evaluate Structural Integrity under Incremental Cyclic Loading

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Livitsanos ◽  
Naveen Shetty ◽  
Els Verstrynge ◽  
Martine Wevers ◽  
Danny Van Hemelrijck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Velocity Distribution ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Source Location ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Velocity Measurements ◽  
Historical Masonry

Historical masonry structures during the decades, were composed with a variety of brick and mortar types according to materials availability of each region and the desirable mechanical properties in each specific case. Different composition of mortars leads to another masonry behavior, and each one is suited for different structural purposes. A crucial aspect in damage evaluation of masonry structures is the analysis of long-term behavior which has a great influence on safety assessment of these structures. In this study, cement, hybrid lime cement, hydraulic lime and lime hydrate mortars were assembled with solid red clay bricks to compose four masonry walls of dimensions 515 × 376 × 90 mm. They were tested under cyclic compression loading. Acoustic Emission (AE) allowed in situ monitoring of damage progression. AE is a powerful non-destructive technique applied to identify micro and macro-defects and their temporal evolution in several materials. This technique permits to estimate a variety of characteristics during fracture propagation to obtain information on the criticality of the ongoing process. Specifically, analyzing and comparing AE parameters among the loading cycles of each wall specimen and among the different masonry compositions, an integrity assessment can be achieved. Furthermore, in each loading and unloading step, pulse velocity measurements were conducted using the AE apparatus in order to gain a velocity distribution mapping among the sensors. Each sensor was pulsed in turn, with all other sensors acting as receivers, generating a velocity matrix from one sensor to another. This provided an insight into the damage severity of masonry walls with the increasing number of loading cycles. This measurement was also necessary for refining AE source location accuracy by using either the horizontal or the vertical velocity. Two different cases were investigated. The use of one uniform velocity for the whole masonry wall and the assumption that the velocity differs in the two vertical directions due to the heterogeneity of the structure. These two cases result in differences in the quantity and the position of the localized events. Furthermore, applying direct ultrasonic pulse velocity measurements, in the direction of the width of masonry walls, another integrity investigation was feasible. The presented results further demonstrate the relationships between AE parameter-based analysis, velocity distribution and source location during cyclic compressive loading in masonry specimens. The identification of the nature of damage through the entire dataset of all sensor arrays provides a promising example for structural health monitoring applications on larger scale masonry specimens. As a conclusion, AE activity analysis proved to be a very efficient approach to evaluate fracture progress in masonry.

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