Timor Deer (Cervus Timorensis) Arrest System Marind People with Tidal Local Wisdom

Deer are wildlife that has economic value because it can produce meat, leather, and velvet (young horn). Deer populations in nature have decreased due to uncontrolled wild poaching and damage to habitat. Indonesia has five types of deer, i.e., Cervus unicolor, Cervus timorensis, Axis kuhlii, Muntiacus Muntjak, and Axis axis (deer total). However, deer in Indonesia that have the opportunity to be empowered, there are several types, namely Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor and Axis axis, and in Merauke, especially in the had tribe0 has its distinctive characteristic in the process of catching deer. The purpose of the study was to know the pattern of deer arrest by the Malind tribe. The method used in this research is to conduct surveys and Wawan ways as well as observation of the field, the data in the analysis in a descriptive approach to conclude the investigation. The results showed that the pattern of deer caught in the Marind tribe traditionally done with snares, bamboo rinsing, as well as patterns carried out covering the forest burning Sawvana in the dry season of the cattle, besieged fire and dwelling on the land, and the season The community rained to the deck area (dense forest) that became the deer's dwelling and avoided the puddle of the sea, and the community captured it quickly. The chance of this research is the process of catching deer, in general, is done by the had in 2 ways that in the summer by burning and drought with the trap system.

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Spacing behaviour and habitat use of axis deer (Axis axis) in lowland Nepal

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z94-234 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 72 (10) ◽

pp. 1735-1744 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Stein R. Moe ◽

Per Wegge

Keyword(s):

Home Range ◽

Major Effect ◽

Home Range Size ◽

Dry Season ◽

Range Size ◽

Home Ranges ◽

Axis Axis ◽

Hot Dry Season ◽

Sal Forest ◽

Axis Deer

A total of 17 axis deer (Axis axis) (12 females, 5 males) were radio-instrumented in Bardia National Park in lowland Nepal, and 1921 locations of females and 605 locations of males were obtained during the 2-year study period. Both the annual home ranges (135 ± 33 and 204 ± 38 (SD) ha for females and males, respectively) and the seasonal home ranges were quite small compared with those reported in another study in Nepal. We present evidence that this difference is due to a more fine-grained habitat mosaic in Bardia. Males used larger areas than females in the monsoon and the hot part of the dry season. The deer were sedentary, with a mean seasonal home range overlap between 49 and 86%, and seasonal occupancy centres were all located less than 1300 m apart. Mean seasonal home range size (68 and 110 ha for females and males, respectively) was smallest in the cool part of the dry season. The rutting period did not seem to have any major effect on the ranging behaviour, as neither males nor females increased home range size from the pre-rut to the rutting period. The deer used riverine forest preferentially during the cool-dry and hot-dry seasons, whereas sal forest was the preferred habitat during the monsoon and the cool-dry season. Grasslands were preferentially utilized by females at night during the hot-dry season, presumably because of improved forage quality following cutting and burning. Males were more associated with riverine and sal forest than were females, while females used grassland areas more than males did.

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The effects of cutting and burning on grass quality and axis deer (Axis axis) use of grassland in lowland Nepal

Journal of Tropical Ecology ◽

10.1017/s0266467400010452 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 279-292 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Stein R. Moe ◽

Per Wegge

Keyword(s):

Forage Quality ◽

Dry Season ◽

Imperata Cylindrica ◽

Wild Ruminants ◽

Deer Density ◽

Axis Axis ◽

P Content ◽

Forested Areas ◽

Axis Deer ◽

Domestic Stock

ABSTRACTMan-made grasslands dominated by Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv. in forested areas of lowland Nepal are commonly cut and/or burned annually. Changes in grass forage quality following different treatments of cutting and burning and axis deer (Axis axis) response to such habitat manipulations were investigated. Samples of matured grass were collected in December 1990, February and April 1991 from three experimental sites: cut, burned, cut-and-burned. Four locations on cut-and-burned grassland were repeatedly sampled at 12-d intervals from January to April 1992. Numbers of axis deer were recorded during the dry season of 1991/1992 on grassland plots receiving the following treatments: cut, cut-and-burned, and uncut/unburned (controls). Based on grass quality differences between December and February and between December and April, cut-and-burned treatments gave the greater increase in forage quality. N was significantly higher on cut-and-burned plots than on cut plots both in February and in April, while Na, K and P was significantly higher in February. On plots cut-and-burned in January, Ca concentrations were relatively low while the P content fell below required levels for domestic stock towards the end of the dry season in April. Na concentrations were below the minimum required levels for both domestic and wild ruminants during the whole period. When an entire grassland was cut, deer density increased gradually. When the same area was subsequently burned, the daily deer density increased much more rapidly. Axis deer preferred burned plots compared to plots neither cut nor burned and to cut plots. Plots burned in late February had higher densities of axis deer than plots burned 1.5 mo earlier. When nearby recently burned plots were available, deer density was reduced on plots burned earlier.

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Diet of Bengal Tigers (Panthera tigris tigris) in Chitwan National Park, Nepal

European Journal of Ecology ◽

10.1515/eje-2017-0008 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 80-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shivish Bhandari ◽

Mukesh Kumar Chalise ◽

Chiranjibi Prasad Pokharel

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Panthera Tigris ◽

Mammal Species ◽

Small Component ◽

Axis Axis ◽

Panthera Tigris Tigris ◽

Chitwan National Park ◽

Muntiacus Muntjak ◽

Cervus Unicolor ◽

Wild Pig

AbstractWe studied the diet of the Bengal tigers (Panthera tigris tigris) in Chitwan National Park, Nepal, by identifying 109 prey items from 85 tiger scats. Tigers in this region fed upon eight different mammal species. Chital (Axis axis) was the major prey with a frequency of 45% of the Tigers’ diet. The occurrence of other prey species included sambar (Cervus unicolor, 23%), wild pig (Sus scrofa, 15%), hog deer (Axis porcinus, 9%), barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak, 4%), and gaur (Bos gaurus, 2%). Tigers also hunted livestock, but this prey comprised a small component of the relative biomass (buffalo 5% and cow 2%). Our study suggests that the tiger depends mostly upon wild prey for its subsistence in the Chitwan National Park, but will also sporadically hunt livestock.

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Seasonal diet preferences of chital deer in the northern Queensland dry tropics, Australia

The Rangeland Journal ◽

10.1071/rj20015 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 211

Author(s):

Kurt Watter ◽

Greg Baxter ◽

Michael Brennan ◽

Tony Pople ◽

Peter Murray

Keyword(s):

Dry Season ◽

Wet Season ◽

Variable Environment ◽

Dry Tropics ◽

Plant Groups ◽

Axis Axis ◽

Plant Group ◽

Diet Preference ◽

Dry Seasons

Chital deer (Axis axis) were introduced to the Burdekin dry tropics of north Queensland, Australia, in the late 1800s. Here rainfall and plant growth are highly seasonal and a nutritional bottleneck for grazing animals occurs annually before the wet season. This study describes the seasonal changes in diet and diet preference of chital in this seasonally-variable environment. Rumen samples were taken from 162 deer from two sites over the wet and dry seasons of two consecutive years and sorted macroscopically for identification. Relative seasonal availability of plant groups was estimated using step point sampling of areas grazed by chital. Chital alter their diet seasonally according to availability and plant phenology. Chital utilised 42 plant genera including grasses, forbs, subshrubs, shrubs, trees and litter. Grass consumption ranged from 53% of biomass intake during the dry season to 95% during the wet season. The predominance of grass in the wet season diet exceeded relative availability, indicating a strong preference. Although grass contributed more than half of the dry season diet it was the least preferred plant group, given availability, and the least actively growing. Shrubs were the preferred plant type in the dry season, and least subject to seasonal senescence. Composition and quantity of seasonal pastures vary markedly in north Queensland, and chital alter their diet by consuming those plants most actively growing. The increased dry season intake of non-grass forage appears to be a strategy to limit the detriment resulting from the progressive deterioration in the quality of grass.

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Mechanical properties of very young bone in the axis deer (Axis axis) and humans

Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1111/j.1469-7998.1989.tb02525.x ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 218 (1) ◽

pp. 59-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

J. D. CURREY ◽

CAROLINE M. POND

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Axis Axis ◽

Axis Deer

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In vitro production of axis deer (axis axis) embryos, a preliminary study

Theriogenology ◽

10.1016/s0093-691x(99)91839-3 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 280 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

S.A Chapman ◽

D.L Keller ◽

M.E Westhusin ◽

M.L Drew ◽

D.C Kraemer

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Production ◽

Axis Axis ◽

Axis Deer ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Vitro Production

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Anesthesia induced by administration of xylazine hydrochloride alone or in combination with ketamine hydrochloride and reversal by administration of yohimbine hydrochloride in captive Axis deer (Axis axis)

American Journal of Veterinary Research ◽

10.2460/ajvr.68.1.20 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 20-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sadanand D. Sontakke ◽

Anuradha P. Reddy ◽

Govindaswamy Umapathy ◽

Sisinthy Shivaji

Keyword(s):

Axis Axis ◽

Ketamine Hydrochloride ◽

Axis Deer

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Antler cycle and endocrine parameters in male axis deer (Axis axis): Seasonal levels of LH, FSH, testosterone, and prolactin and results of GnRH and ACTH challenge tests

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Physiology ◽

10.1016/0300-9629(91)90144-2 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 99 (4) ◽

pp. 645-650 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

G.A Bubenik ◽

R.D Brown ◽

D Schams

Keyword(s):

Acth Challenge ◽

Axis Axis ◽

Endocrine Parameters ◽

Antler Cycle ◽

Axis Deer ◽

Challenge Tests

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Zoonotic diseases appeared to be a major hurdle to successful deer farming in Bangladesh

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2021.2462-2472 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2462-2472

Author(s):

Sajeda Sultana ◽

Nazneen Sultana ◽

Mahmuda Islam ◽

Munmun Pervin ◽

Md. Ariful Islam Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pasteurella Multocida ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

The Public ◽

Study Materials ◽

Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽

Axis Axis ◽

Axis Deer ◽

Identification Of Bacteria ◽

Polymerase Chain

Background and Aim: Due to the diversified lifestyle and fancy ecology associated with Chitra deer (Axis axis), deer farming has become popular in Bangladesh. Diseases may be the common constrain of successful deer farming. This study aims to investigate the pathological, bacteriological, and nucleic acid based technologies to identify specific causes of morbidity and mortality of captive deer. Materials and Methods: Two deer farms and a park deer (designated as farm A, B, and C) entailing 87, 54, and 20 deer, respectively, showed illness and death constitute the study materials. A total of 42 deer died during this investigation. Following death, routine post-mortem examination, histopathology, impression smear staining, isolation, and identification of bacteria were carried out. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcription PCR were carried out to safeguard the etiology. Results: Clinically, farm A and B showed the acute phase of illness and park deer showed chronic illness. Case fatality rates were 90%, 92%, and 100% in farms A, B, and C deer, respectively. Pasteurella multocida and Streptococcus pneumoniae were identified from the visceral organs of farm A deer. Farm B deer was infected with Clostridium perfringens type A. Park deer was infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and hydatid cyst. Conclusion: The infectivity in farm A deer was due to stress as induced by punishing weather. The infectivity in farm B deer was due to feeding a higher volume of protein in the diet. The park C deer may optate infection from companion man and animals living around. The diseases of captive deer identified mainly were zoonotic. It needs extensive veterinary services and specialized technologies to identify these diseases, monitor the infectivity and eliminate the public health important diseases at early onset.

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