scholarly journals Floristic and Phytoclimatic Study of an Indigenous Small Scale Natural Landscape Vegetation of Jhargram District, West Bengal, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
U.K. Sen ◽  
R.K. Bhakat
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Sacred Grove ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
The Social ◽  
Biological Spectrum

Sacred groves are distinctive examples of biotic components as genetic resources being preserved in situ and serve as secure heavens for many endangered and endemic taxa. From this point of view, the biological spectrum, leaf spectrum and conservation status of the current sacred grove vegetation, SBT (Swarga Bauri Than) in Jhargram district of West Bengal, India, have been studied. The area's floristic study revealed that SBT’s angiosperms were varied and consisted of 307 species belonging to 249 genera, distributed under 79 families of 36 orders as per APG IV. Fabales (12.05%) and Fabaceae (11.73%) are the dominant order and family in terms of species wealth. Biological spectrum indicates that the region enjoys “thero-chamae-cryptophytic” type of phytoclimate. With respect to the spectrum of the leaf size, mesophyll (14.05%) was found to be high followed by notophyll (7.84%), microphyll (7.19%), macrophyll (7.84%), nanophyll (6.86%), leptophyll (6.21%), and megaphyll (2.29%). The study area, being a sacred grove, it has a comparatively undisturbed status, and the protection of germplasm in the grove is based on traditional belief in the social system.

scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of Floristic Composition, Biological Spectrum and Leaf Spectrum of a Sacred Grove in Jhargram District, West Bengal, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Uday Kumar Sen ◽  
Ram Kumar Bhakat
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Sacred Grove ◽  
The Social ◽  
Species Population ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Angiosperm Species ◽  
Floristic Studies ◽  
Biological Spectrum

Sacred Groves are tracts of virgin forests, left untouched and protected by local people, because of culture and religious beliefs. These tracts are remnants of the once-dominant flora, reservoirs of the rich biodiversity, and the last refuge for preserving the rich indigenous culture and traditions. For these reasons, the biological and leaf spectra, as well as the conservation status of the current sacred grove vegetation, Maa Mongalmoyee Than (MMT) in Jhargram district of West Bengal, India, have been studied. The results of floristic studies showed 217 MMT's angiosperm species, belonging to 196 genera, distributed under 59 families of 27 orders. Furthermore, Poales (13.82%) and Fabaceae (12.44%) are the dominant order and family, respectively, in terms of species population. Meanwhile, the biological spectrum showed the grove enjoys a "thero-chamaephyte" phytoclimate form, as well as a comparatively undisturbed status, being a sacred grove. Also, the preservation of germplasm within the grove is based on traditional belief in the social system.

Floristic composition, biological spectrum and conservation status of a sacred grove from Jhargram district, West Bengal, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-172
Author(s):  
U.K. Sen ◽  
◽  
R.K. Bhakat ◽  
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Sacred Grove ◽  
Sacred Groves ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Size Spectra ◽  
Floristic Elements ◽  
Biological Spectrum

Social practices play a crucial role in the conservation of the environment and biodiversity. The present study was carried out to explore the plant resources, their biological spectrum, leaf size spectra, conservation status and management of the existing vegetation of a sacred grove, namely Kalua Sarnd Than (KST) in the Jhargram district of West Bengal in India. Floristic elements of the study area revealed that the vegetation was diverse and composed of 150 species belonging to 141 genera distributed over 60 families under 31 orders according to APG IV classification. The study area being a sacred grove is fairly undisturbed and protection of germplasm in the grove is maintained through the traditional beliefs. The present study, thus, could be used as an inspiring example in India for other sacred groves for phytoclimatic study.

scholarly journals Impact of Japanese Post-Disaster Temporary Housing Areas’ (THAs) Design on Mental and Social Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bris ◽  
Bendito
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Temporary Housing ◽  
Organization And Management ◽  
Kobe Earthquake ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
The Social ◽  
Post Disaster

The phenomenon named kodokushi, meaning death alone without the care or company of anyone inside temporary housing, appeared after the Kobe earthquake in Japan in 1995 with some 250 cases. This paper analyzes the evolution of Japanese temporary houses—to attempt to prevent the problem of kodokushi—from the point of view of management, how services and activities are organized, and design. We will use case studies as our methodological tool, analyzing the responses in 1995 Kobe (50,000 THs), 2004 Chūetsu (3000 THs), 2011 Tōhoku (50,000 THs), and 2016 Kumamoto (4000 THs). This article shows how the Japanese THAs follow a single design that has undergone very little variation in the last 25 years, a design which promotes the social isolation of their residents, making recovery—from the psychological perspective—and helping the most vulnerable members of society, more difficult. In small scale disasters (Chūetsu) applying organization and management measures was able to correct the problems caused by design and there were no cases of kodokushi: in large-scale disasters (Tōhoku), however, the difficulties to implement the same measures resulted in the reappearance of new cases at rates similar to Kobe’s. Our main conclusion is that the design of Japanese THAs must be reconsidered and changed to respond to the real needs of the most vulnerable groups.

scholarly journals KAJIAN BISNIS SOSIAL PEDAGANG PERANTARA DALAM UPAYA PENGEMBANGAN HORTIKULTURA DI JAWA BARAT

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Charina, Gema Wibawa Mukti, Rani Andriani
Keyword(s):  
Market Segmentation ◽  
Consumer Demand ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Social Business ◽  
The Social ◽  
Business Pattern ◽  
Agricultural Supply

Currently, 90% of Indonesian small scale agribusiness actors arebeing faced to the global market era. They are also facing a fast growthrate of global market and the market segmentation phenomenon whichexpects positive changes and adaptations in the agricultural supply chain.The method that used in this study is case study. The study location wasbeing selected based on its potential of horticulture product.The study showed that currently the traders have changed theirbusiness pattern from a pure business to a business which relies more onthe partnership with the farmers. This phenomenon was being emerged bythe consumer demand which expects the continuity of supply.From the Social Business aspect point of view, generally thetraders do the partnership system because of their needs of continuity ofsupply from the farmers, not based on helping the farmers. The result ofweighting showed the total score placed between 28-32,5 which means itcan be categorized as a semi-social business.Overall, the study showed that currently the changes are happeningin the traders business pattern, thus, it gives hopes to the agriculturaldevelopment in Indonesia especially for horticulture products of smallscale stakeholders.Keywords: Global market, traders, horticulture, social business.

scholarly journals Sustainability of stone materials in the built environment of rural regions: a review

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 141-163
Author(s):  
Jorge Sanjurjo-Sánchez ◽  
Carlos Alves
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Value ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Stone Materials ◽  
The Social ◽  
Historical Times ◽  
Pollution Impacts ◽  
Local Use ◽  
Design Options

Stones has been used from pre-historical times with different purposes and this historical use can be seen as an extended record of its sustainability, regarding extraction procedures and consequences, uses in building and maintenance to overcome decay. We discuss in this paper conceptual considerations on the sustainability of local use of rocks in a small scale (what will be assumed to define a “rural” scope), covering both in situ uses, mostly as cave housing, and extracted materials for creation of structures. Our discussion will develop around two main axes: resources consumption (including the rocks themselves and rock wastes resulting from other activities) and pollution impacts (on the surrounding environment and in the users of the rock structures). It will be seen that the main concerns will be related to specific spots with enhanced environmental or cultural value (where small changes can have enormous impacts). Other issues have minimal impact or can be dealt by design options. We consider also possible positive impacts resulting from the use of rock materials, namely in the social and economic components, including the use of rock wastes as resources and the touristic potential of rock quarries, structures and human-made landscapes.

Iris koyuncui (Iridaceae), a new species from Hakkâri province (Turkey) belonging to subgenus Scorpiris

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 263 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
MEHMET FIRAT
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Flower Colour ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Size Number ◽  
A New Species

Iris koyuncui, a new species of subgenus Scorpiris, is described and illustrated from Hakkâri Province, Turkey. From the morphological point of view, Iris koyuncui appears to be similar to Iris pseudocaucasica Grossh., but from which it differs in several morphological features including plant height, leaf size/number and flower colour/size. A comprehensive description of this species is provided, including detailed illustrations and photographs, geographical distribution, habitat and ecology, vernacular name and IUCN conservation status.

scholarly journals New social insect nests from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Utah

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 281-299
Author(s):  
Elliott Armour Smith ◽  
Mark A. Loewen ◽  
James I. Kirkland
Keyword(s):  
Social Insect ◽  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Morrison Formation ◽  
Scale Analysis ◽  
Green River ◽  
Thin Sectioning ◽  
The Social

This paper reports a new assemblage of social insect ichnofossils from the Brushy Basin Member of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation near Green River, Utah. At least seven distinct nests are visible in the locality horizon, identifiable at the outcrop scale by loci of anastomosing, and orthogonally connected hor-izontal burrows and vertical shafts. A boulder-sized block from the in situ horizon has eroded and rolled downhill, revealing the ventral aspect of the nest, showing a view of the overall nest architecture. Burrow and shaft clusters are organized into mega-galleries which have branching arms and ovate, bulbous cham-bers. The organization of distinct trace morphologies is consistent with ethological complexity of the social insects. A small sample was collected and analyzed by serial sectioning and petrographic thin sectioning to observe small-scale morphological features. Centimeter-scale analysis shows chamber, gallery, and burrow walls have complex topography. Pebble-sized, hollow, ellipsoid features are distributed throughout the up-permost facies of the nest and have undergone complete silicification of their outer surfaces. The ellipsoids share similarity with pellet structures made of mud or carton produced by modern termites. This trace fossil assemblage suggests it is possible that termites had acquired subterranean nesting behavior, and mud or carton utilization in nest construction in seasonally arid habitats by the Late Jurassic.

In situ TEM studies of irradiation effects for materials improvement

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 452-453
Author(s):  
Charles W. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
In Situ Tem ◽  
Irradiation Effects ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Analytical Tools

Irradiation effects studies employing TEMs as analytical tools have been conducted for almost as many years as materials people have done TEM, motivated largely by materials needs for nuclear reactor development. Such studies have focussed on the behavior both of nuclear fuels and of materials for other reactor components which are subjected to radiation-induced degradation. Especially in the 1950s and 60s, post-irradiation TEM analysis may have been coupled to in situ (in reactor or in pile) experiments (e.g., irradiation-induced creep experiments of austenitic stainless steels). Although necessary from a technological point of view, such experiments are difficult to instrument (measure strain dynamically, e.g.) and control (temperature, e.g.) and require months or even years to perform in a nuclear reactor or in a spallation neutron source. Consequently, methods were sought for simulation of neutroninduced radiation damage of materials, the simulations employing other forms of radiation; in the case of metals and alloys, high energy electrons and high energy ions.

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