1.Introduction: Access to Medicines as a Human Right - What Does It Mean for Pharmaceutical Industry Responsibilities?

2012 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Lisa Forman ◽  
Jillian Clare Kohler
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Access To Medicines ◽  
Human Right

scholarly journals Stakeholders’ Perspective of Role of Policy and Legislation in Achieving Medicines’ Security

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
Obi Peter Adigwe
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Access To Medicines ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Similar Proportion ◽  
Security Issue ◽  
The Government ◽  
Almost All

Background: The role of the pharmaceutical industry in a country such as Nigeria in the provision of safe, high quality and efficacious pharmaceutical products to meet the healthcare need of the populace, cannot be over-emphasized. This study was undertaken to critically look at the issues affecting Medicines’ Security in Nigeria. Methods: A self-completion questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire was administered to participants of an Industry event in September 2017. Data collected were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science. Results: A total number of 800 questionnaires were administered to the participants and 529 of the questionnaires were included for analysis. Male participants (58.6%) were more than female participants, all age groups were well represented and more than a third of the respondents had first degree as their minimum qualification. Majority of the respondents (91.3%) indicated that Ministry of Health and its agencies were key to protecting the pharmaceutical sector, while slightly less of that proportion (79.1%) indicated that they patronized Nigeria pharmaceutical products. Almost all the participants (91.7%) supported the need for the local pharmaceutical industry to have access to sustainable funding and other incentives. A similar proportion (89.6%) of the respondents indicated that the local pharmaceutical industry should be prioritized in policy making and implementation. A significant proportion of the study participants (82.3%) indicated that access to medicines in Nigeria is a security issue. Conclusion: To ensure Medicines’ Security and attain medicines self-sufficiency in Nigeria, radical policies must therefore be put in place, together with enabling good business and industrial environment by the government in order to protect, promote and grow the local pharmaceutical industry in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Intellectual property and access to medicines: mapping public attitudes toward pharmaceuticals during the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) negotiation process

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna S. Y. Wong ◽  
Clarke B. Cole ◽  
Jillian C. Kohler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Access To Medicines ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Public Consultation ◽  
Trade Negotiation ◽  
Consultation Process ◽  
The Public ◽  
United States Mexico

Abstract Background Transparency and accountability are essential components at all stages of the trade negotiation process. This study evaluates the extent to which these principles were upheld in the United States’ public consultation process during the negotiation of the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), with respect to public comments about the pharmaceutical sector and access to medicines. Results The public consultation process occurred before the start of official negotiations and was overseen by the Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR). It included both written comments and oral testimony about US trade negotiation objectives. Of the written comments that specifically discussed issues relating to pharmaceuticals, the majority were submitted by private individuals, members of the pharmaceutical industry, and civil society organizations. Nearly all comments submitted by non-industry groups indicated that access to medicines was a priority issue in the renegotiated agreement, with specific reference to price affordability. By contrast, more than 50% of submissions received from members or affiliates of the pharmaceutical industry advocated for strengthened pharmaceutical intellectual property rights, greater regulatory data protections, or both. This study reveals mixed outcomes with respect to the level of transparency achieved in the US trade negotiation process. Though input from the public at-large was actively solicited, the extent to which these comments were considered in the content of the final agreement is unclear. A preliminary comparison of the analyzed comments with the USTR’s final negotiating objectives and the final text of the USMCA shows that several provisions that were advanced exclusively by the pharmaceutical industry and ultimately adopted in the final agreement were opposed by the majority of non-industry stakeholders. Conclusions Negotiators could increase public transparency when choosing to advance one competing trade objective over another by actively providing the public with clear rationales for their negotiation positions, as well as details on how public comments are taken into account to form these rationales. Without greater clarity on these aspects, the public consultation process risks appearing to serve as a cursory government mechanism, lacking in accountability and undermining public trust in both the trade negotiation process and its outcomes.

scholarly journals A Política Internacional da Saúde: a UNITAID e o acesso a medicamentos | The International Politics of Health: UNITAID and access to medicines

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 03-10
Author(s):  
Celso Luiz Nunes Amorim
Keyword(s):  
Patent Protection ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Access To Medicines ◽  
Right To Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Right ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Right ◽  
Hiv Aids

O direito à saúde é um direito fundamental. Várias iniciativas no âmbito da Assembleia Geral da ONU e no Conselho de Direitos Humanos reforçam esse pensamento. Neste particular, a criação da UNITAID, em 2006, foi uma forma de facilitar o acesso a medicamentos a populações mais pobres utilizando fontes inovadoras de financiamento. A instituição, hospedada pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), busca melhores formas de prevenir, tratar e diagnosticar o HIV/AIDS, a tuberculose e a malária de forma mais rápida, eficaz e acessível, buscando conciliar a discussão de patentes com o direito inalienável à saúde. O artigo analisa o processo político e as negociações que levaram à Declaração de Doha sobre TRIPS e Saúde Pública, cuja importância é destacada, entre outros, pelos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável aprovado por todos os Chefes de Estado das Nações Unidas.ABSTRACTThe right to health is a fundamental, inalienable human right. A number of initiatives within the UN General Assembly and the Human Rights Council reinforce this concept. Established in 2006 and hosted by the World Health Organization (WHO), UNITAID is engaged in finding new ways to prevent, treat and diagnose HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria more quickly, more cheaply and more effectively. It plays an important role in the global effort to defeat these lethal diseases, by facilitating and speeding up the availability of improved health tools and trying to reconcile patent protection with the right to health.  The article analyzes the political process and the negotiations which led up to the Doha Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health, whose importance – among others – is highlighted on the Sustainable Development Objectives approved by all United Nations Heads of State.Palavras-chave: UNITAID, acesso a medicamentos, saúde global, TRIPS, Doha.Keywords: UNITAID, access to medicines, global health, TRIPS, Doha.DOI: 10.12957/rmi.2016.27034Recebido em 28 de dezembro de 2016 | Received on December 28, 2016.

scholarly journals Contemporary challenges on access to medicines: beyond the UNSG High-Level Panel

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 2435-2439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Bermudez
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Current System ◽  
Access To Medicines ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Secretary General ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level

Abstract Within the context of the recently released United Nations Secretary-General´s Report of the High-Level Panel on Access to Medicines, the author reviews issues related to the context and discussions on access to medicines and the conflict between trade and health during the last decades. These issues have been relevant and outstanding in Global Health, especially questioning the current system of innovation, R&D and IP protection. Lessons learned from the HLP Report are highlighted and the need to further discuss and implement concrete actions, as the world has moved from the MDGs to the SDGs, demand strong actions derived from the United Nations and a strong interaction with other key stakeholders. Affordability and unaffordability of new technologies are discussed, making clear that we need to implement bold actions in order to ensure access to medicines as a human right.

The Pharmaceutical Industry, Intellectual Property Rights and Access to Medicines in Pakistan

2013 ◽  
pp. 167-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar ◽  
Shazia Qasim Jamshed ◽  
Muhammad Ashar Malik ◽  
Hans Löfgren ◽  
Anwarul-Hassan Gilani
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Access To Medicines

FEATURES

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (06) ◽  
pp. 35-52
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
International Research ◽  
Access To Medicines ◽  
Social Responsibilities ◽  
Community Benefits ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Corporate Social Responsibilities

Hospitals' Community Benefits. The Question of Fair Benefits in International Research. Access to Medicines and Corporate Social Responsibilities of the Pharmaceutical Industry. Corporate Social Responsibility of the Pharmaceutical Industry in Solidaristic Terms.

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