1. City Gates of the Steam Age

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-29
Keyword(s):  
City Gates

Building a Memory Map to Reconstruct an Urban Memory: The Case of the Beijing City Gates

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-100
Author(s):  
Li Niu ◽  
Lichao Liu ◽  
Chenxiang Gao ◽  
Xiaoshuang Jia
Keyword(s):  
Beijing City ◽  
City Gates

THE ATTEMPTS TO TRANSFER THE GENEVAN ACADEMY TO IRELAND AND TO AMERICA, 1782–1795

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
JENNIFER POWELL MCNUTT ◽  
RICHARD WHATMORE
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Popular Government ◽  
City Gates ◽  
Independent States ◽  
Irish Case ◽  
Republican Liberty ◽  
Religious Nature ◽  
The French Revolution

ABSTRACTEarly in 1782, republican rebels in Geneva removed the city's magistrates and instituted a popular government, portraying themselves as defenders of liberty and Calvinism against the French threats of Catholicism and luxury. But on 1 July 1782, the republicans fled because of the arrival at the city gates of invading troops led by France. The failure of the Genevan revolution indicated that while new republics could be established beyond Europe, republics within Europe, and more especially Protestant republics in proximity to larger Catholic monarchies, were no longer independent states. Many Genevans sought asylum across Europe and in North America in consequence. Some of them looked to Britain and Ireland, attempting to move the industrious part of Geneva to Waterford. During the French Revolution, they sought to establish a republican community in the United States. In each case, a major goal was to transfer the Genevan Academy established in the aftermath of Calvin's Reformation. The anti-religious nature of the French Revolution made the attempt to move the Academy to North America distinctive. By contrast with the Irish case, where religious elements were played down, moving the Academy to North America was supported by religious rhetoric coupled with justifications of republican liberty.

scholarly journals Rejuvenation of City Gateway as the Identity of Medan

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-216
Author(s):  
Dwi Lindarto Hadinugroho ◽  
Eunice Ananda Putri Matondang
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
City Image ◽  
City Area ◽  
City Gates ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The City

As a developing city, Medan carries out a significant role in establishing the identity and image of the city and the development of the surrounding cities and districts. One effort to establish the identity and image of the city can be created through the existence of city gates that can produce a plot, rhythm, and balance for the city bounded. The gate of Medan City has not succeeded in becoming a city gate that meets the needs needed by migrants who pass through the city gate area. This study will address the problems discovered at the Medan City gate in Binjai, Tanjung Morawa, Tembung, and Pancur Batu and relate them to the rejuvenation of the city area through revitalization methods in supporting Metropolitan Mebidangro. The research aims to analyze predetermined variables, namely elements of the city image, namely path, edge, district, nodes, and landmark. For this reason, a qualitative descriptive study was carried out, which was realized through observation and interviews and also documentation studies. The results of the research obtained from this study can be used as a reference and solution to find out the problems that exist int the area around Medan City gate and also give functional supports to develop the area around Medan City.

scholarly journals The Ancient City of Babylon

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (40) ◽  
pp. 617-656
Author(s):  
Mohammed S. Mahan ◽  
Ghassan Muslim Hamza
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Large City ◽  
Aerial Photos ◽  
The North ◽  
City Gates ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The City

       Babylon during Nebuchadnezzar II (604-562 BC) was a great city. It had been a large city since Old Babylonian times, but Nebuchadnezzar’s expansion of the city and large-scale rebuilding of important buildings with good baked brick instead of the traditional unbaked mudbrick created something exceptional. Babylon now was larger than Nineveh had been and larger than any of the cities in the known world. The political and economic base for this development was of course that it was the centre of the Neo-Babylonian empire created by Nebuchadnezzar’s father Nabopolassar (625–605 BC) and succeeding the Neo Assyrian empire as the main political entity in the Middle East.         An attempt for the first time to bring together the main results of the German excavations in Babylon with the main results from the Iraqi excavations there and thereby make use of the available cuneiform documentation and a selected use of the best of the classical tradition. With the help of a GIS software (QGIS) and a BIM program (ArchiCAD) the use of satellite images and aerial photos combined with inspection on the site, the historical development of the site has been studied and a digital research model of Babylon for different periods of the city’s history has been created.          Only main buildings and constructions have been considered and placed in the appropriate historical and archaeological context. Part 1 includes some information about the historical development of buildings and nature in Babylon, the rivers and groundwater in Baybylon, as well as basics about the building materials used in Babylon. Part 2 discuss the city walls and city gates, introductory matters about the history, excavation and other documentations of the walls and gates. The chapter also includes presentation of the walls and gates during Nabopolassar followed by a detailed discussion of the walls and gates during Nebuchadnezzar. The Ištar gate and the area around it with the different levels and the upper level glazed decoration have been treated separately. Detailed interpretations about the palaces, development of the main traditional South Palace and the new constructed North are discussed in part 3. Reasonable suggestions for the Hanging Gardens in the North Palace have be provided.          The temples are discussed in part 4 detailing the Marduk temple and the zikkurrat. The historical development of the four temples reconstructed on the site in Babylon on their old foundations, i.e. Nabû, Ištar, Ašratum, and Ninmaḫ temples, is discussed with indication which levels have been used for the reconstructions. The historical development of the other excavated temples, i.e. the Ninurta and Išḫara temples, are discussed in a similar way. Attention will be paid to the remains of wall decorations in the temples.  

Heads on city gates

1893 ◽  
Vol s8-IV (103) ◽  
pp. 489-489
Author(s):  
A. Williams
Keyword(s):  
City Gates

Entering a city: on a lost early modern practice

Urban History ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL JÜTTE
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Main Section ◽  
Modern City ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Third ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
City Gates ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACT:City gates and walls were among the most striking features of the pre-modern city, yet we still know relatively little about their impact on daily life and what it meant to enter a city at that time. The present article explores precisely these questions. The first section outlines the general significance of city gates and walls in pre-modern times. In the second, I examine the four distinct functions of city gates in the early modern period. The third and main section presents a detailed description of the various practices, procedures and problems that accompanied the entrance to a city. Finally, and to conclude, the history of city gates is viewed in conjunction with the broader history of the early modern city and its transformation in the transition to modernity.

scholarly journals The Iconography of the Sarcophagus in S. Ambrogio. Hope for Salvation through the Word of Christ

1970 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 283-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaf Steen
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
City Gates ◽  
The City ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Way

The sarcophagus in the church of S. Ambrogio in Milan is dated to about 390. The lid of the sarcophagus shows scenes and symbols connected to the New Testament. On the front and rear sides, we find Christ represented among the Apostles. Figures from the Old Testament are shown on the two short sides. In this way, the narrative scenes are well arranged, and the arrangement differs from other early Christian sarcophagi in which scenes from the Old and New Testament are places together without any apparent connection between the scenes. Rows of city-gates run around all four sides, forming the background for the reliefs. The city-gates invite the beholder to read the images not as isolated scenes, but as parts of a connected whole. In this paper, I will argue that the iconography of the sarcophagus can be interpreted as a complete programme. The programme emphasizes the teaching of Christ and the Apostles’ teaching-mission given by Christ. Taking into consideration the monument’s funerary context, the programme of the sarcophagus focuses on the Word or the teaching of Christ as the way to salvation.

scholarly journals THE GATE OF THE MEDIEVAL SITE OF KOSKUDUK

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.Sh. Akymbek ◽  
◽  
M.S. Shagyrbaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
City Gates

The article considers the topographic location, chronology, economy and excavations of the medieval site of Koskuduk, located in the Shui Valley. Although the first information about this site entered scientific circulation in the late 1980-th, accurate and scale excavations were not carried out. The Shui archaeological detachment (head Y.Sh. Akymbek) of the Institute of Archaeology named after A.Kh. Margulan in 2018 in the eastern corner of the medieval site of Koskuduk was organized the test pit, shurf and in 2019 on the site of the North-Eastern gate excavates and receives valuable information about the periodization, fortification, the economy of medieval city. The authors of the article draw the special attention to the etymology of the names of the gates in general, medieval gate structures in the Shui Valley, based on researched of other city gates. The radiocarbon analysis of charcoal from pit was carried out in 2018, and it was established that the site dates back to the XI-XII centuries (1043-1104 (41.1%) calAD; 1117-1211(54.3%) calAD). The ceramics complex, discovered at the gate site, is dominated by tableware. The X-ray diffractometric analysis of one instance of kitchen and dining utensils was carried out in order to determine which minerals are contained in the clay of the detected ceramic products. As the result, although the minerals and other impurities in the clay composition of the dishes are generally the same, there are significant differences in percentages. There are number of whole buried skeletons of dogs and partially entire preserved skeletons of horses were found at the gate zone. In addition, archaeozoological analysis of other osteological materials identified in the excavations was carried out, as well as comparative studies of the external forms of pets (cattle and dogs).

scholarly journals Selected City Gates in Silesia – research issues

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 71-104
Author(s):  
Andrzej Legendziewicz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Issues ◽  
City Gates
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