scholarly journals Topographoanatomic features and histochemical changes in thymus of germ and forebrain in the prenatal period of the human in the prenatal period

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-79
Author(s):  
A.G. Scoruk
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Prenatal Period ◽  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
Medial Surfaces ◽  
The Right ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Histochemical Changes ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries ◽  
Large Vessels ◽  
Selection Of

In this study, histochemical changes were studied and topographic anatomical relationships of thymus (T) germs and prenatal human fetus in the prenatal period with general histological, cytotoxic and lectinogenic chemical methods were analyzed for the study of the development and the possibility of argumentation of the source of epithelium swelling of the digestive tract; graphic and plastic reconstructions, macroscopic painting. It is established that for organogenesis of T during the embryonic period it is characteristic of: loss of connections with the pharynx, close interaction of paired gums with each other, with topographic anatomically adjacent organs and with vascular-nervous formations of this area (thyroid and parathyroid glands, larynx, pharynx, esophagus; aorta, carotid arteries, trunks of the vagus nerve, inferior and superior laryngeal nerves). The dimensions of the rudiments and the form of T of this age period are dynamically changing depending on the process of growth (lowering) of the rudiments. For T the latter are correlated with the formation of large vessels and nerve trunk of the neck. The displacement of the rudiments of the T is by lateral walls of the formed and recognized common carotid arteries and the medial surfaces of the vagus nerves in the ventrocaudal direction. There is an asynchronous lowering of the rudiments of the particles of the T, since the left embryo of the particle with its displacement outstrips the right. It should be noted that during the course of the study we did not detect congenital malformations of the development of T, which, obviously, was the result of the proper selection of the research material and use in the future. Prospects for further development are the study of the laws of the structure and the formation of the fetal gland and structures of different systems in the fetal of human perinatal ontogenesis.

scholarly journals Synchronous Carotid Bifurcation Endarterectomy and Retrograde Kissing Stenting of the Innominate and Left Common Carotid Artery in a Patient with a Bovine Aortic Arch

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Robaldo ◽  
Guido Carignano ◽  
Alberto Balderi ◽  
Claudio Novali
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
High Risk Patient ◽  
Carotid Bifurcation ◽  
Left Common Carotid Artery ◽  
The Right ◽  
Bovine Aortic Arch ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries

Management of the symptomatic multiple stenosis of supra-aortic vessels (MSSVs) in a “bovine” aortic arch (BAA) configuration is infrequently reported. The optimal treatment choice remains debatable. A successful hybrid treatment for a proximal critical stenosis of the innominate and left common carotid artery was performed in a high-risk patient with a tandem symptomatic lesion in the right carotid bifurcation and a concentric vulnerable plaque in the bovine trunk. This case supports the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of a combined carotid bifurcation endarterectomy and retrograde kissing stenting of common carotid arteries with cerebral protection after evaluation of radiological, anatomical, and clinical parameters.

scholarly journals Effect of a six-month treatment with lanreotide on cardiovascular risk factors and arterial intima-media thickness in patients with acromegaly

2002 ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Colao ◽  
P Marzullo ◽  
G Lombardi
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Igf I ◽  
The Right ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a 6-month treatment with slow-release lanreotide (LAN) on cardiovascular risk and atherosclerosis in 24 normotensive patients with active acromegaly (GH=67.4 +/- 12.6 mU/l, IGF--I=866.0 +/- 55.8 microg/l) and 24 healthy subjects sex-, age- and body mass index-matched with the patients (as controls). DESIGN: Open, prospective, multicenter. METHODS: The following were measured before and after 6 months of LAN treatment (dose 60-90 mg/month): fasting GH, IGF-I, LDL, HDL and total cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin and fibrinogen levels, intima-media thickness (IMT) and blood systolic and diastolic peak velocity (SPV and DPV respectively) in both common carotids. RESULTS: At study entry, insulin, total and LDL cholesterol, triglyceride and fibrinogen levels were higher while HDL cholesterol levels were lower in patients than in controls. At the right (0.88 +/- 0.04 vs 0.77 +/- 0.03 mm, P=0.05) and left (0.93 +/- 0.03 vs 0.78 +/- 0.02 mm, P=0.01) common carotid IMT was significantly higher in patients than in controls; 12 patients and two controls showed an IMT of > or = 1 mm (chi(2)=8.2, P=0.004). After 6 months of LAN treatment, disease control was achieved in 15 patients (62.5%). Insulin, triglyceride and fibrinogen levels were significantly decreased, and a trend toward a decrease of IMT in the right (from 0.90 +/- 0.05 to 0.78 +/- 0.04 mm, P=0.06) and left (from 0.95 +/- 0.04 to 0.84 +/- 0.04 mm, P=0.06) common carotid arteries was observed only in patients with disease control, while SPV and DPV did not change. CONCLUSIONS: LAN treatment for 6 months significantly lowered GH, IGF-I, insulin and fibrinogen levels and reduced IMT of both common carotid arteries in normotensive patients with acromegaly.

Right atrium mediates a vasomotor reflex

1981 ◽  
Vol 241 (3) ◽  
pp. R163-R166
Author(s):  
R. F. Munzner ◽  
D. G. Ward ◽  
D. S. Gann
Keyword(s):  
Right Atrium ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
Vascular Responses ◽  
The Right ◽  
Vasomotor Reflex ◽  
Atrial Receptors ◽  
Volume Pulsation

To examine the role of right atrial receptors in mediating reflex vascular responses we measured, in cats anesthetized with chloralose/urethan, changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP) in response to volume pulsation of the right atrium (+/- 1 ml, 1 Hz). Changes in MAP were measured 1) with pressure in the carotid arteries normal and vagus nerves intact: right atrial pulsation led to a very small and transient fall in MAP; 2) with pressure in the carotid arteries at 75 mmHg and the vagus nerves intact: right atrial pulsation led to a larger and sustained fall in MAP; 3) with pressure in the carotid arteries at 75 mmHg and the vagus nerves cooled or sectioned bilaterally: right atrial pulsation of the right atrium led only to a very small and transient fall in MAP. These data suggest strongly that signals from right atrial receptors traveling in the vagus nerves mediate a reflex change in MAP that is normally masked by signals from carotid receptors.

scholarly journals Collateral Arteries of the Aortic Arch in Mongolian Gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Radan Elvis Matias de Oliveira ◽  
Hélio Norberto De Araújo Júnior ◽  
Herson Da Silva Costa ◽  
Gleidson Benevides De Oliveira ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Bezerra De Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Subclavian Artery ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Left Subclavian Artery ◽  
Meriones Unguiculatus ◽  
Brachiocephalic Artery ◽  
Collateral Arteries ◽  
Brachiocephalic Trunk ◽  
The Right ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries

Background: Gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) are rodents belonging to the Muridae family. Recently, breeding of this species as pets has increased significantly. Animal models are being investigated to study diseases related to the human aortic arch. Despite the importance of the aortic arch in maintaining homeostasis, there is limited data available regarding its morphology in gerbils. This study was performed with the objective of describing the collateral branches of the aortic arch in this animal to establish a standard model and thus contribute to future research on cardiovascular diseases in humans.Materials, Methods & Results: This study used 20 male specimens from previous studies that were frozen and stored at the Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region. After thawing the animals, the thoracic cavity was opened for aortic cannulation. The vascular system was washed using saline solution and Neoprene latex stained with red pigment was injected. Subsequently, the animals were fixed in 10% formaldehyde and were dissected and analyzed 72 h later. The arrangement of the collateral branches of the aortic arch in gerbils was analyzed in all animals. The brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid, and the left subclavian artery were observed to originate as collateral branches. The brachiocephalic trunk bifurcated into the right common carotid and the right subclavian arteries. The right and the left subclavian arteries branched into the vertebral artery, the internal thoracic artery, the superficial cervical artery, the costocervical trunk, and the axillary artery.Discussion: Several studies reported in the literature describe the collateral branches of the aortic arch in domestic and wild mammalian species. These studies examined the main arteries that originate directly from the aortic arch and their respective branches, and classified the different anatomical variants of the aortic arch in each species. Three different arrangements have been commonly described. The first type corresponds only to the brachiocephalic artery originating from the aortic arch. The right and the left common carotid arteries and the right and the left subclavian arteries originate from this brachiocephalic artery. This type has already been described in the laboratory rat, catingueiro-deer, cattle, and horses. The second type is characterized by the presence of 2 arteries - the brachiocephalic trunk and the left subclavian artery. The right and the left common carotid arteries and the right subclavian artery originate from the brachiocephalic trunk. This arrangement has been reported in most species already studied such as rodents including the paca, chinchilla, guinea pig, mocó, nutria and the preá. The third type of vascular arrangement is observed in the gerbil. In this species, 3 collateral arteries originate from the aortic arch (the brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid, and the left subclavian artery). The right common carotid and the right subclavian artery originate from the brachiocephalic trunk. This vascular model has been described in the manatee, in humans, mice, sauim, and the monkey-nail. Thus, we concluded that the branching pattern of the aortic arch of the gerbil was characterized by the brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid, and the left subclavian artery, as has been described in mice, the manatee, monkey-nail, sauim, and humans. Based on these morphological characteristics, gerbils could serve as potential experimental models to study diseases related to the human aortic arch.

scholarly journals The morphology of the arteries originating from the arcus aorta and the branches of these arteries in mole-rats (Spalax leucodon)

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 373-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Aydin ◽  
ZE Ozkan ◽  
R. Ilgun
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Axillary Artery ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Brachiocephalic Trunk ◽  
Cervical Artery ◽  
The Common ◽  
Aortic Arch Arteries ◽  
The Right ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries

In this study, the aim was to investigate the anatomy of the aortic arch arteries in mole-rats (Spalax leucodon). Six adult mole-rats were used for this purpose. Coloured latex was injected into the left ventriculus of the hearts of all animals. The materials were carefully dissected and the arterial patterns of arteries originating from the aortic arch were examined. The brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid and the left subclavian arteries were detached from the aortic arch. The brachiocephalic trunk separated into the right subclavian and common carotid arteries. The branches separating from the subclavian arteries were on the right, the common branch giving the profund cervical, the internal thoracic, and the costocervical trunk, and on the left the internal thoracic and the costocervical trunk were in the common root and the profund cervical artery was independent and on both sides after giving the common branch of the superficial servical and the external thoracic artery. This continued as the axillary artery which was then separated into the subscapular and the brachial arteries. Thus, the arteries originating from the aortic arch and the branches of these arteries were found to be different from other rodents and domestic mammals.  

Effects of Bilateral Vagotomy on Renal Function in the Rat

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 420-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul F. Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
Renal Nerve ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bilateral Vagotomy ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries

Renal function was studied in rats before and after section of the vagus nerves at the level of the common carotid arteries. In the control group of rats, sodium output and volume rate of urine flow increased following vagal section but glomerular filtration rate did not change. This response was not altered in other rats by desoxycorticosterone acetate, vasopressin, or renal nerve section. This response was similar to that seen in rats in which both common carotid arteries had been occluded. The natriuresis following bilateral vagotomy did not occur in rats in which the blood pressure was prevented from rising by means of aortic constriction. It is concluded that a natriuresis does occur following bilateral vagotomy. This natriuresis may be a result of the effect of arterial blood pressure following the vagotomy.

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