scholarly journals Secondary neurogenic prosopalgia in a neurological clinic

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-550
Author(s):  
H. Symonenko
Keyword(s):  
Trigeminal Nerve ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Brain Vessels ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Medical Histories ◽  
The Brain

Annotation. Prosoplgia is one of the most common pain syndromes in the craniofacial area. In the clinic practice of the facial pain treatment, neurogenic prosopalgia accounts for 25-30% of cases. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical, laboratory and functional parameters of patients with secondary neurogenic prosopalgia at neurological department. The medical histories of 21 patients (17 (81.0%) women and 4 (19.0%) men) suffered from secondary neurogenic prosopalgia were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical picture, data of general blood and urine tests, biochemical blood tests, neuroimaging, electrophysiological and ultrasonic research methods were evaluated. A preliminary comparison of retrospective patients quality indicators was assessed using simple mathematical methods. A predominant lesion of the I branch of the trigeminal nerve was shown in elderly women with postherpetic neuralgia, while other reasons of secondary neuralgia of the II and III branches of the trigeminal nerve more often caused left-sided lesions. Primary diseases included: herpetic ganglionitis, malignant tumor of the bladder with herpetic complications, sinusitis, dental diseases, meningoencephalitis, atherosclerosis of the brain vessels, concussion of the brain. The features of the clinical picture of each case were evaluated, as well as the characteristic concomitant groups of symptoms, among which were determined cephalgic, asthenoneurotic, vestibulo-atactic, vegetative dystonia, pyramidal syndromes. Among the general and functional studies carries out, attention was drawn to the increase of ESR in almost half of the patients, even without exacerbation of the primary disease, as well as the presence of metabolic disorders in the myocardium according to the electrocardiogram in 47.6% of cases, including in relatively young individuals. Thus, the problem of secondary neurogenic prosopalgia, despite the modern treatment, remains relevant.

scholarly journals Fahr’s disease

2019 ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
N. M. Nevmerzhytska ◽  
V. V. Orzheshkovskyi
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Scientific Review ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Physiological Calcification ◽  
Instrumental Methods ◽  
The Brain

The scientific review based on an analysis of the literature examines key points in the etiology, pathomorphology and clinical picture of basal ganglia calcification. It also involves the so-called physiological calcification of the central nervous system. Juvenile and senile forms of a disease and frequency of occurrence of this nosological form are described. The historical information and modes of inheritance are briefly provided. The article considers the numerous synonyms of this disease and the causes of secondary calcification of the brain (Fahr’s syndrome). Four genes are described associated with primary calcification of the basal ganglia: SLC20A2 and XPR1 coding transmembrane conveyors of inorganic phosphate; PDGFB and PDGFRB which are involved in integrity of a blood-brain barrier and survival of pericytes. Pathogenetic mechanisms of clinical displays of a disease are presented. The article displays the features of macro- and microscopic changes in the brain with this nosology. The characteristic signs of the initial and advanced forms of the disease are described in detail, taking into account the age of the debut of calcification of the basal ganglia. The main and auxiliary instrumental methods for diagnosing this disease are also considered, the results of positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance spectroscopy are described, which confirm the pathophysiological mechanism of neurological manifestations of the disease associated with the disorganization of the front-striatal pathways in the area of ​​calcified basal ganglia. A number of additional general clinical laboratory and functional studies are listed to confirm or exclude the diagnosis of primary family idiopathic ferrocalcinosis (Fahr’s diseases). The main directions in the treatment of the described pathology are given.

Experience of patients with herpetic ganglioneuritis observation in the neurological hospital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Symonenko
Keyword(s):  
Trigeminal Nerve ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
Local Pain ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation

Objective — to evaluate the clinical, laboratory and functional parameters of patients with herpetic trigeminal ganglioneuritis in the neurological department. Methods and subjects. The case anamnesis of 43 patients (26 (60.5 %) female and 17 (39.5 %) male) with a diagnosis of herpetic trigeminal ganglioneuritis were retrospectively analyzed: clinical presentation, data on general blood and urine tests, biochemical blood tests, electrocardiography, ultrasound examination of the main arteries of the brain, organs of the abdominal cavity and small pelvis, rheoencephalography. Results. Out of 43 hospitalized patients, 31 (72.1 %) had lesion of the first branch (64.5 % of women and 35.5 % of men), 9 (20.9 %) had lesion of the second branch, and 3 (7.0 %) ) — III branch of the trigeminal nerve. Patients older than 46 years predominated (86.0 %). In general, right‑sided lesion was observed in 22 cases (51.2 %), left‑sided — in 21 (48.8 %) cases. In women, right‑sided lesions prevailed (16 patients — 61.5 %), while in men — left‑sided lesions (11 patients — 64.7 %). The main complaint, in addition to rashes, was local pain, which was mainly of a burning character (24 patients — 55.8 %) with simultaneous itching (15 patients — 34.9 %). Severe pain was observed in 23 (53.5 %), moderate in 14 (32.6 %) and mild in 6 cases (13.9 %). Hyperesthesia accompanied pain in 28 (65.1 %) cases, while only 6 (14.0 %) patients demonstrated hypoesthesia. In the case of involvement of the I branch, herpetic kerato‑uveitis was registered in 9 (29.0 %) cases. Edema of the periocular region was observed in 17 patients (54.8 %). In the case of elderly patients, intellectual and mind functions decrease (45 %), positive subcortical reflexes (46.5 %), and moderate coordination disorders (34.9 %) were observed. Among the general and functional analyses carried out, attention was drawn to an increase ESR (39.5 %), as well as metabolic changes in the myocardium on the ECG (65.1 %). In the case of older age group, comorbidities were dominated by bychronic cerebrovascular accident (45 %), arterial hypertension (40.0 %), type 2 diabetes mellitus (25.0 %), and osteochondrosis (20.0 %). Conclusions. In the case of herpetic lesions, clinical observations confirm the predominant lesion of the I branch of the trigeminal nerve, more marked predominance of elderly women with right‑sided symptoms in the pathological process was observed. Beside the background of typical rashes, severe baking local pain, accompanied by itching and hyperesthesia, dominates in the clinical picture. Despite sometimes delayed hospitalization due to attempts at outpatient or self‑treatment, a general blood analysis often reveals markers of inflammation. The complexity and variability of complaints, as well as examination results, can be mainly explained by the elderly age of patients.  

Association of Variables of Coagulation, Fibrinolysis and Acute-phase with Atherosclerosis in Coronary and Peripheral Arteries and those Arteries Supplying the Brain

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (03) ◽  
pp. 374-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Heinrich ◽  
Helmut Schulte ◽  
Rainer Schönfeld ◽  
Ekkehart Köhler ◽  
Gerd Assmann
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Peripheral Arteries ◽  
Brain Vessels ◽  
The Brain ◽  
D Dimer

SummaryWe investigated the vessel status of coronary and peripheral arteries and those arteries supplying the brain in 929 consecutive male patients admitted to a coronary rehabilitation unit. The severity of coronary atherosclerosis was scored using coronary angiography. Changes in extracranial brain vessels and manifest cerebrovascular disease (CVD) were determined by B-mode ultrasound and Doppler examination. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) was diagnosed using base-line and stress oscillography. We assessed variables of coagulation, fibrinolysis, and the acute phase response.There was a significant increase in plasma fibrinogen, plasminogen, d-dimer and C-reactive protein (CRP) with increasing severity of coronary heart disease. Compared to men with unaffected arteries, men with 3 diseased coronary arteries had 58% greater d-dimer concentrations. Patients with CVD and PAD, respectively, also had significantly higher fibrinogen, d-dimer and CRP concentrations. We did not find an association between plasminogen activator inhibitor activity and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis.In conclusion, plasma fibrinogen, d-dimer and CRP concentrations were significantly related to atherosclerosis in the coronary, peripheral and extracranial brain arteries.

scholarly journals Post-Stroke Social Isolation Reduces Cell Proliferation in the Dentate Gyrus and Alters miRNA Profiles in the Aged Female Mice Brain

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Aleah Holmes ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Juneyoung Lee ◽  
Michael E. Maniskas ◽  
Liang Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Stroke Recovery ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
The Brain

Social isolation and loneliness are risk factors for stroke. Elderly women are more likely to be isolated. Census data shows that in homeowners over the age of 65, women are much more likely to live alone. However, the underlying mechanisms of the detrimental effects of isolation have not been well studied in older females. In this study, we hypothesized that isolation impairs post-stroke recovery in aged female mice, leading to dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) in the brain, including those previously shown to be involved in response to social isolation (SI). Aged C57BL/6 female mice were subjected to a 60-min middle cerebral artery occlusion and were randomly assigned to either single housing (SI) or continued pair housing (PH) immediately after stroke for 15 days. SI immediately after stroke led to significantly more brain tissue loss after stroke and higher mortality. Furthermore, SI significantly delayed motor and sensory recovery and worsened cognitive function, compared to PH. A decrease in cell proliferation was seen in the dentate gyrus of SI mice assessed by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling. miRNAome data analysis revealed changes in several miRNAs in the brain, such as miR-297a-3p and miR-200c-3p, which are known to regulate pathways involved in cell proliferation. In conclusion, our data suggest that SI can lead to a poor post-stroke recovery in aged females and dysregulation of miRNAs and reduced hippocampal cell proliferation.

The role of tryptophan in hepatic encephalopathy

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
C. Aaldijk ◽  
W.W. Van Den Broek ◽  
R.C. Van Der Mast
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Serotonergic System ◽  
Pathogenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Glutamine Synthesis ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Tryptophan Uptake

SummaryIn this review the most important hypotheses for the occurrence of the clinical picture of hepatic encephalopathy are discussed. As possible pathogenetic mechanisms are raised: dysfunction of the serotonergic system due to an increased tryptophan uptake in the brain, an elevated intracerebral ammoniac concentration and glutamine synthesis, and a heightened intracerebral GABA-activity.The dysregulation of the serotonergic system as a consequence of the increased intracerebral tryptophan uptake is described as one of the most important pathogenetic mechanisms. The elevated intracerebral ammoniac concentration and the elevated intracerebral glutamine synthesis play in this a facilitating role. The similarity in symptomatology of the clinical picture of HE and the serotonergic syndrome support this hypothesis. Due to contradictory research findings the role of the GABA-ergic system and the occurrence of HE remains unclear.

Air embolism of the coronary arteries of the heart after inflation with pneumothorax

1938 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-213
Author(s):  
A. Gilman
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Air Embolism ◽  
The Brain

Until recently, the clinical picture of embolism after inhalation was explained by the blockage of the capillaries of the brain and the related disorders of the activity of the organs most important for life.

scholarly journals Histological study of the drug PEG-Filstim sub-acute toxicity

2018 ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
V. L. Karbovskyy ◽  
I. A. Shevchuk ◽  
O. V. Kurkina ◽  
T. Ye. Makovska
Keyword(s):  
Defect Formation ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Brain Vessels ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Applied Dose ◽  
Reticular Tissue ◽  
The Brain

One of the critical steps in development of safe and efficient drugs during their pre-clinical trials are toxicity studies. Therefore, the aim of our work was to study PEG-Filstim toxic effects on animal internal organs and tissues. Toxicity study of PEG-Filstim was performed in 50 white wild-type rats of both sexes with body weight of 170 to 230 g on daily (28 days) subcutaneous administration in the doses of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg. In all groups of animals, after completing the experiment careful pathomorphologic and histological examination was performed. PEG-Filstim has been shown to possess no toxic effects on internal organs of laboratory rats and does not cause specific changes in the heart, kidneys and mucous coat of stomach on daily subcutaneous administration in the doses of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg within 28 days. In the maximum applied dose of 2.0 mg/kg, the studied drug causes pronounced acute splenic hyperplasia, related to hyper-proliferation of the reticular tissue, leads to functional strain of the liver due to formation of hematopoietic foci in it, as well as impaired integrity of the respiratory epithelium and congestive signs in the lungs, swelling of the brain tissues, abnormalities in the gray matter structure and hyperemia of the brain vessels. These effects were not observed in the animals, to which the drug was administered in the doses of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg. Administration of PEG-Filstim (in all studied doses) results in increasing the size of the ankle joint in rats, which is related to hyper-proliferation of the reticular tissue, leading to bone defect formation in the form of perforation with subsequent filling the periosteum with reticular tissue and formation of hematopoietic foci within its boundaries.

scholarly journals Remote control of neural function by X-ray-induced scintillation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takanori Matsubara ◽  
Takayuki Yanagida ◽  
Noriaki Kawaguchi ◽  
Takashi Nakano ◽  
Junichiro Yoshimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Neural Function ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Clinical Dose ◽  
Visible Luminescence ◽  
Midbrain Dopamine ◽  
The Brain

Scintillators emit visible luminescence when irradiated with X-rays. Given the unlimited tissue penetration of X-rays, the employment of scintillators could enable remote optogenetic control of neural functions at any depth of the brain. Here we show that a yellow-emitting inorganic scintillator, Ce-doped Gd3(Al,Ga)5O12 (Ce:GAGG), could effectively activate red-shifted excitatory and inhibitory opsins, ChRmine and GtACR1, respectively. Using injectable Ce:GAGG microparticles, we successfully activated and inhibited midbrain dopamine neurons in freely moving mice by X-ray irradiation, producing bidirectional modulation of place preference behavior. Ce:GAGG microparticles were non-cytotoxic and biocompatible, allowing for chronic implantation. Pulsed X-ray irradiation at a clinical dose level was sufficient to elicit behavioral changes without reducing the number of radiosensitive cells in the brain and bone marrow. Thus, scintillator-mediated optogenetics enables less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions at any tissue depth in living animals, expanding X-ray applications to functional studies of biology and medicine.

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