Tribological Properties of Stainless Steel and Other Corrosion-Resisting Metals

Tribomaterials ◽

10.31399/asm.tb.tpsfwea.t59300227 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 227-270

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Solid Particle ◽

Tribological Properties ◽

Friction And Wear ◽

Liquid Droplet ◽

Solid Particle Erosion ◽

Particle Erosion ◽

Corrosion Resistant ◽

Titanium Zinc ◽

Cobalt Base

Abstract This chapter covers the tribological properties of stainless steel and other corrosion-resistant alloys. It describes the metallurgy and microstructure of the basic types of stainless steel and their suitability for friction and wear applications and in environments where they are subjected to liquid, droplet, and solid particle erosion. It also discusses the tribology of nickel- and cobalt-base alloys as well as titanium, zinc, tin, aluminum, magnesium, beryllium, graphite, and different types of wood.

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Effects of Viscosity, Particle Size, and Particle Shape on Erosion in Gas and Liquid Flows

ASME-JSME-KSME 2011 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference: Volume 1, Symposia – Parts A, B, C, and D ◽

10.1115/ajk2011-09023 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Risa Okita ◽

Yongli Zhang ◽

Brenton S. McLaury ◽

Siamack A. Shirazi ◽

Edmund F. Rybicki

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Stainless Steel ◽

Solid Particle ◽

Abrasive Particle ◽

Glass Beads ◽

Solid Particle Erosion ◽

Particle Sizes ◽

Particle Erosion ◽

Particle Velocities ◽

Liquid Flows

Although solid particle erosion has been examined extensively in the literature for dry gas and vacuum conditions, several parameters affecting solid particle erosion in liquids are not fully understood and need additional investigation. In this investigation, erosion ratios of two materials have been measured in gas and also in liquids with various liquid viscosities and abrasive particle sizes and shapes. Solid particle erosion ratios for aluminum 6061-T6 and 316 stainless steel have been measured for a direct impingement flow condition using a submerged jet geometry, with liquid viscosities of 1, 10, 25, and 50 cP. Sharp and rounded sand particles with average sizes of 20, 150, and 300 μm, as well as spherical glass beads with average sizes of 50, 150 and 350 μm, were used as abrasives. To make comparisons of erosion in gas and liquids, erosion ratios of the same materials in air were measured for sands and glass beads with the particle sizes of 150 and 300 μm. Based on these erosion measurements in gas and liquids, several important observations were made: (1) Particle size did not affect the erosion magnitude for gas while it did for viscous liquids. (2) Although aluminum and stainless steel have significant differences in hardness and material characteristics, the mass losses of these materials were nearly the same for the same mass of impacting particles in both liquid and gas. (3) The most important observation from these erosion tests is that the shape of the particles did not significantly affect the trend of erosion results as liquid viscosity varied. This has an important implication on particle trajectory modeling where it is generally assumed that particles are spherical in shape. Additionally, the particle velocities measured with the Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) near the wall were incorporated into the erosion equations to predict the erosion ratio in liquid for each test condition. The calculated erosion ratios are compared to the measured erosion ratios for the liquid case. The calculated results agree with the trend of the experimental data.

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The solid particle erosion on borided X12CrNiMoV12-3 stainless steel

Materials Letters ◽

10.1016/j.matlet.2020.128381 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 277 ◽

pp. 128381

Author(s):

A. Ruiz-Rios ◽

C. López-García ◽

I. Campos-Silva

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Solid Particle ◽

Solid Particle Erosion ◽

Particle Erosion

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The solid particle erosion of pre oxidized high manganese nitrogen stabilized austenitic stainless steel (18Cr-21Mn-0.65N-Fe) at 400 to 700℃

Surface Topography Metrology and Properties ◽

10.1088/2051-672x/ac1045 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sharvan Kumar ◽

Ankitendran Mishra ◽

Sunil Mohan ◽

Girija Shankar Mahobia

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽

Solid Particle ◽

Solid Particle Erosion ◽

Particle Erosion ◽

High Manganese

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Solid Particle Erosion Characteristics of 2.25Cr–1Mo Steel Aged at 750 °C

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ◽

10.1166/jnn.2020.17592 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (7) ◽

pp. 4513-4516

Author(s):

Kwang-Hu Jung ◽

Seong-Jong Kim

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Flow Velocity ◽

Aging Time ◽

Solid Particle ◽

Vickers Hardness ◽

Surface Hardness ◽

Solid Particle Erosion ◽

Particle Erosion ◽

Erosion Damage ◽

Damage Type

This study evaluated the solid particle erosion characteristics of 2.25Cr–1Mo steel with aging time. Aging was performed at 750 °C until 100 h. Specimens aged at each time were characterized by microstructure analysis and Micro-Vickers hardness. An erosion experiment was conducted using 100~200 μm of stainless steel shot at a flow velocity of 20 m/s for 4 h. A consequently, a microstructure degradation phenomenon in which Cr-rich carbide was coarsened occurred, and the surface hardness decreased by 45%. With a decrease in the hardness, the solid particle erosion damage increased and the erosion damage type changed.

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Nano-Technology Coatings for Erosion Protection of Turbine Components

Volume 1: Aircraft Engine; Ceramics; Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Manufacturing, Materials and Metallurgy; Microturbines and Small Turbomachinery ◽

10.1115/gt2008-50713 ◽

2008 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V. P. Swaminathan ◽

Ronghua Wei ◽

David W. Gandy

Keyword(s):

Solid Particle ◽

Gas Turbines ◽

Liquid Droplet ◽

Turbine Blades ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Solid Particle Erosion ◽

Particle Erosion ◽

Nano Technology ◽

Erosion Testing ◽

Research Institute

Solid particle erosion (SPE) and liquid droplet erosion (LDE) cause severe damage to turbine components and lead to premature failures, business loss and repair costs to power plant owners and operators. Under a program funded by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), TurboMet International (TMET) and Southwest Research Institute (SWRI) have developed hard erosion resistant nano-coatings and conducted evaluation tests. These coatings are targeted for application in steam and gas turbines to mitigate the adverse effects of SPE and LPE on rotating blades and stationary vanes. Based on a thorough study of the available information, most promising coatings such as nano-structured titanium silicon carbo-nitride (TiSiCN), titanium nitride (TiN) and multilayered nano coatings were selected. State-of-the-art nano-technology coating facilities at SwRI were used to develop the coatings. Plasma enhanced magnetron sputtering (PEMS) method was used to apply these coatings on various substrates. Ti-6Al-4V, 12Cr, 17-4PH, and Custom 450 stainless steel substrates were selected based on the current alloys used in gas turbine compressors and steam turbine blades and vanes. Coatings with up to 30 micron thickness have been deposited on small test coupons. Initial screening tests on coated coupons by solid particle erosion testing indicate that these coatings have excellent erosion resistance by a factor of 20 over the bare substrate. Properties of the coating such as modulus, hardness, microstructural conditions including the interface, and bond strength were determined. Tests are in progress to determine the effects of coatings on the tensile and high-cycle fatigue strengths of these alloys.

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