Perceived Benefits of Congestion Pricing for Trucks

2003 ◽  
Vol 1833 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuya Kawamura
Keyword(s):  
Congestion Pricing ◽  
Value Of Time ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Toll Lanes ◽  
Travel Time Savings ◽  
Mode Share ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Time Savings

Empirically derived value-of-time distributions are used to calculate the perceived benefits from the time saved by trucks in using toll lanes. The conditions on the SR-91 congestion pricing facility in California are used in a case study. Assuming that the value of time for trucks is lognormally distributed, the probabilistic truck mode share for the toll lanes was estimated separately for in-house and for-hire trucks. The mean values of time for toll-lane users and nonusers were estimated using Monte Carlo simulations. The benefits were calculated as the value of travel time savings that accrue for both toll-lane users and nonusers. The analyses found that the opening of the congestion pricing facility in 1995 has resulted in more than $2 million in annual savings for trucks. Trucks would realize an added $660,000 annually if the toll lanes were open to trucks. The disproportional share of the benefit goes to a few trucks with very high values of time, especially when the toll is expensive. Also, forhire trucks receive, on average, greater benefit than in-house carriers because of higher values of time.

scholarly journals Uncertainty in mass-balance trends derived from altimetry: a case study along the EGIG line, central Greenland

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (226) ◽  
pp. 345-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Morris ◽  
Duncan J. Wingham
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Elevation Change ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Density Profiles ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Equivalent Mass ◽  
The Mean

AbstractRepeated measurements of density profiles and surface elevation along a 515 km traverse of the Greenland ice sheet are used to determine elevation change rates and the error in determining mass-balance trends from these rates which arises from short-term fluctuations in mass input, compaction and surface density. Mean values of this error, averaged over 100 km sections of the traverse, decrease with time from the start of observations in 2004, with a half-time of ∼4 years. After 7 years the mean error is less than the ice equivalent mass imbalance.

scholarly journals Profiling students’ environmental care attitudes taught using Sasak Tribe local wisdom-integrated model

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hunaepi ◽  
Ika Nuraini Dewi ◽  
S. Sumarjan
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Central Tendency ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Environmental Care ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Mean

Sasak Tribe possesses unique local wisdom which is potential to be utilized in term of improving students' care attitudes toward the environment. This study aimed at profiling students' evironmental attitudes who were taught using Sasak Tribe local wisdom-integrated model. This descriptive research was designed with a one-shot case study. The sample used in this study was 140 VII graders chosen using random sampling technique. The sample comprised of 3 classes of SMPN 2 Gunung Sari and 3 classes of SMPN 3 Lingsar placed in West Nusa Tenggara-Indonesia. The data analysis technique used was descriptive statistics in term of central tendency. The measured indicators were environmental awareness (EA), developing empathy (DE), and effect handling (EH). The results showed that the students live in suburb area tended to have better environmental care attitudes, in which the mean values were 86.66 (EA), 75.69 (DE), and 42.66 (EH) compared to those who live in urban area in which the mean values were 68.73 (EA), 57.07 (DE), and 30.62 (EH). Based on this findings, further evaluation in several aspects should be done.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Road Infrastructure Alternatives Through a Saving Gradient in Travel Times. Case Study: Second Connection Villamaría-Manizales, Colombia

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Diego Alexander Escobar ◽  
Santiago Cardona ◽  
Carlos Alberto Moncada
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Travel Times ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Sustained Development ◽  
Geographical Barrier ◽  
Travel Time Savings ◽  
Time Savings

In the last century, the migration of people from rural to urban areas of cities has generated a set of dynamics in different sectors such as social, economic, educational that have led cities to collaborate among them, generating a constant synergy in order to obtain a sustained development in multiple aspects. In this sense, Manizales as the capital of the department of Caldas in Colombia has generated a conurbation with the nearest neighboring municipality, Villamaría reaching a combined population of 419 943. Although this synergy has taken place for several decades, these municipalities only have a place of connection, because they are separated by a geographical barrier, the Chinchiná River. This connection has had clear connection problems, due to the high flow of vehicles that move between both municipalities, so it is essential to project a second connection, to further boost mobility among its inhabitants. For this reason, in this research four (4) alternatives of connection are proposed, according to the suggestions of the Manizales 2017 Mobility Master Plan, through the calculation of the global average accessibility and the quantification of the gradient of savings generated in the average times of trip, based on the current situation of both cities. The results show which is the alternative that benefits population the most in terms of travel time savings, although three of them generate considerable savings and only one is discarded because it benefits a smaller number of inhabitants in very low percentages of savings compared to the others. The evaluation of infrastructure alternatives through the gradient of savings in travel times is useful to determine the best options in the pre-feasibility phase of investment projects in the transport area.

scholarly journals Study of dissolve oxygen, salinity and temperature around western offshore- A case study around North Bombay of ONGC’s offshore Filed, Arabian Sea, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 091-100
Author(s):  
Rajkumar Mandal ◽  
Gada Lal Das
Keyword(s):  
Dissolve Oxygen ◽  
Arabian Sea ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Biological Productivity ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Environmental Status ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
The Mean

Marine ecosystems cover approximately 71% of the Earth's surface and contain approximately 97% of the planet's water. Dissolve oxygen, which is a vital parameter in Ocean’s primary production, is having a sensitive integrating property reflecting physical and biogeochemical changes in the marine environment. The other parameters like temperature, though conservative, has a great impact upon biological productivity and salinity is important to understand the dynamics of water column. By analyzing the variation of dissolve oxygen, temperature and salinity, environmental status of that particular study area can be assessed. As a preventive measure to protect water bodies, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited, India is regularly conducting Offshore Environment Monitoring around western continental shelf of Arabian Sea, where ONGC’s Platforms and Installations are located. The paper includes the output of monitoring activities of ONGC around north Bombay considering these three parameters i.e. temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen for assessing the environmental health of the study area. A trend analysis of the three parameters around North Bombay of ONGC’s offshore Filed (NA & NQ platform) has been done considering the monitoring data from the year 2017-18 to 2020-21 and their variation has been studied. It has been observed from the study that there is an increasing trend of dissolve oxygen and salinity for both platform (NA & NQ). It is observed that trend of temperature for NA platform is decreasing whereas around NQ it is increasing. The mean values of three parameters are comparable with reference mean values and the variations are insignificant.

scholarly journals Case study of geochemical clustering as a tool for tracing sources of clays for archaeological and modern bricks

Baltica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-155
Author(s):  
Ričardas Taraškevičius ◽  
Vaidotas Kazakauskas ◽  
Saulius Sarcevičius ◽  
Rimantė Zinkutė ◽  
Sergej Suzdalev
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Hierarchical Clustering ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Geochemical Composition ◽  
Complete Linkage ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
The Mean

The study was conducted using 14 hierarchical clustering ways and combining them with 4 inter-related sets of elements, i.e. the contents of Al, Ba, Ca, Fe, Ga, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Nb, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th and Ti determined by EDXRF in 44 splits of 10 archaeological and 4 modern bricks, as well as in 38 clay samples from two quarries. Empirical scoring of tree dendrograms of archaeological samples helped to identify Complete Linkage, Weighted Pair Group Average and Ward’s methods as the most suitable for sourcing. Successful identification of geochemical clustering methods for fingerprinting sources of bricks is determined by the intrinsic features of the geochemical composition of stonework or quarries: their similarity, determined by the geochemical peculiarities of clay indicators, such as Al, Rb, Ga, K, Th, Fe, Ti and Nb, and differences, expressed by the elements that are more abundant in sands and silts (Si, Na), carbonates (Ca, Sr, Mg), organic matter (P) and other lithological-mineralogical tracers. It has been found that the mean values of the geochemical composition of the allied objects have much more useful fingerprinting properties. It is strongly recommended for source fingerprinting to select not only typical lithological-mineralogical samples, but also homogeneous sampling sets excluding possible outliers. It has been shown that each raw clay material has its own specific geochemical features. This is an essential useful feature for source fingerprinting using clustering of the objects of interest.

scholarly journals Impact of missing sounding reports on mandatory levels and tropopause statistics: a case study

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 2445-2449 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Antuña ◽  
J. A. Añel ◽  
L. Gimeno
Keyword(s):  
Time Lag ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Transmission Problems ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Complete Dataset ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Incomplete Datasets ◽  
Random Behaviour

Abstract. This paper describes the effect of missing sounding reports on temperature and pressure mean values for mandatory levels using the aerological information from the Camagüey Meteorological Centre. Also it is described the effect of missing data on mean temperature and pressure values at the multiple tropopause levels. The case study belongs to one station for a time lag of eight years. Up to the present these types of studies have been conducted using simulated datasets. The present one uses a real inhomogeneous radiosonde dataset. The main reason for missing reports were transmission problems and possible encoding-decoding difficulties. It has been found that profiles of the mean temperature and altitude show little differences between the complete and incomplete datasets. Moreover, no statistical significant differences were found for the mean values of the variables for the complete and incomplete datasets. The most probable reason for those results is that the cause of the missing reports has a random behaviour. Finally we have found that the only two effects noticed on the statistics were slightly higher values of the mean temperatures in the complete dataset and the decrease in the percent of multiple tropopause reports for the incomplete dataset.

Traveler Response to Coexisting Multiple Pricing Schemes

2013 ◽  
Vol 2345 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
Elaheh Khademi ◽  
Harry Timmermans ◽  
Aloys Borgers
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Mixed Logit ◽  
Congestion Pricing ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Pricing Policies ◽  
Travel Time Savings ◽  
Time Savings ◽  
Pricing Schemes

Many academics and transportation planners seem convinced that pricing schemes may be one of the most effective policy instruments to change travelers’ behavior, to minimize congestion and emissions, or to optimize system use otherwise. Consequently, much empirical work has been conducted, although it is primarily about single pricing policies. Travelers’ adaptive behavior toward accumulated transport charges has not yet received much attention; therefore, this study addressed this underresearched issue. This paper documents the construction, implementation, and analysis of a mixture-amount experiment involving three mixtures of pricing schemes—toll road, congestion pricing, and parking price—and three travel budget levels per day. Basic mixed-amount design applications were extended to include an attribute associated with each pricing policy to capture different levels of travel time savings. With seven mixtures of the simplex–lattice design, a second-degree polynomial model was estimated to predict choice of amount and mixture of expenditures to different pricing schemes. This procedure captured the trade-off with level of travel time savings. In February 2012 in the Netherlands, an Internet-based stated choice experiment was conducted with 304 respondents to collect data for the model. A mixed logit model was estimated to model behavioral response. Results indicate the negative attitude of the sample toward their willingness to pay for pricing policies. Respondents seemed more sensitive to congestion pricing than to the two other policies. Furthermore, the effect of sociodemographic variables on choice probabilities was investigated. Income and public transport accessibility for conducting the peak hour trip were the variables that produced the most effect on respondents’ preference.

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