scholarly journals Study of dissolve oxygen, salinity and temperature around western offshore- A case study around North Bombay of ONGC’s offshore Filed, Arabian Sea, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 091-100
Author(s):  
Rajkumar Mandal ◽  
Gada Lal Das
Keyword(s):  
Dissolve Oxygen ◽  
Arabian Sea ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Biological Productivity ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Environmental Status ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
The Mean

Marine ecosystems cover approximately 71% of the Earth's surface and contain approximately 97% of the planet's water. Dissolve oxygen, which is a vital parameter in Ocean’s primary production, is having a sensitive integrating property reflecting physical and biogeochemical changes in the marine environment. The other parameters like temperature, though conservative, has a great impact upon biological productivity and salinity is important to understand the dynamics of water column. By analyzing the variation of dissolve oxygen, temperature and salinity, environmental status of that particular study area can be assessed. As a preventive measure to protect water bodies, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited, India is regularly conducting Offshore Environment Monitoring around western continental shelf of Arabian Sea, where ONGC’s Platforms and Installations are located. The paper includes the output of monitoring activities of ONGC around north Bombay considering these three parameters i.e. temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen for assessing the environmental health of the study area. A trend analysis of the three parameters around North Bombay of ONGC’s offshore Filed (NA & NQ platform) has been done considering the monitoring data from the year 2017-18 to 2020-21 and their variation has been studied. It has been observed from the study that there is an increasing trend of dissolve oxygen and salinity for both platform (NA & NQ). It is observed that trend of temperature for NA platform is decreasing whereas around NQ it is increasing. The mean values of three parameters are comparable with reference mean values and the variations are insignificant.

scholarly journals Uncertainty in mass-balance trends derived from altimetry: a case study along the EGIG line, central Greenland

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (226) ◽  
pp. 345-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Morris ◽  
Duncan J. Wingham
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Elevation Change ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Density Profiles ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Equivalent Mass ◽  
The Mean

AbstractRepeated measurements of density profiles and surface elevation along a 515 km traverse of the Greenland ice sheet are used to determine elevation change rates and the error in determining mass-balance trends from these rates which arises from short-term fluctuations in mass input, compaction and surface density. Mean values of this error, averaged over 100 km sections of the traverse, decrease with time from the start of observations in 2004, with a half-time of ∼4 years. After 7 years the mean error is less than the ice equivalent mass imbalance.

scholarly journals Profiling students’ environmental care attitudes taught using Sasak Tribe local wisdom-integrated model

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hunaepi ◽  
Ika Nuraini Dewi ◽  
S. Sumarjan
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Central Tendency ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Environmental Care ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Mean

Sasak Tribe possesses unique local wisdom which is potential to be utilized in term of improving students' care attitudes toward the environment. This study aimed at profiling students' evironmental attitudes who were taught using Sasak Tribe local wisdom-integrated model. This descriptive research was designed with a one-shot case study. The sample used in this study was 140 VII graders chosen using random sampling technique. The sample comprised of 3 classes of SMPN 2 Gunung Sari and 3 classes of SMPN 3 Lingsar placed in West Nusa Tenggara-Indonesia. The data analysis technique used was descriptive statistics in term of central tendency. The measured indicators were environmental awareness (EA), developing empathy (DE), and effect handling (EH). The results showed that the students live in suburb area tended to have better environmental care attitudes, in which the mean values were 86.66 (EA), 75.69 (DE), and 42.66 (EH) compared to those who live in urban area in which the mean values were 68.73 (EA), 57.07 (DE), and 30.62 (EH). Based on this findings, further evaluation in several aspects should be done.

scholarly journals A Study on Pattern of Growth in Height Among Children of Dhulikhel Municipality

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-217
Author(s):  
Dil Islam Mansur ◽  
Anupama Shrestha ◽  
Kalpana Sharma ◽  
Dilip Kumar Mehta ◽  
Rojina Shakya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Medical Problem ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender ◽  
One Year

Introduction: Growth reference charts are essential to assess appropriate growth of individual children. The height of an individual is the most widely accepted method for the evaluation of growth of the children. The child's height is primarily determined by the length of his/her bones, and thus the children become tall because their bones grow in length. The purpose of the present study was to develop the mean height reference charts for school going children residing in Dhulikhel and to evolve an easily applied formula to assess the height of the children at different age groups. Material and Methods: The present study consisted of 1726 healthy school going children (945 boys and 781 girls) aged 3-16 years, from different Schools of Dhulikhel Municipality during July – December 2015. Age was recorded in year and height of each child was measured cross-sectionally in centimeter and statistical analysis was done.Results: It has been observed that there was a progressively increasing trend in the mean values of the height with advancement of age in both sexes. The study revealed that the adolescent growth spurt or highest peak velocity of girls (11-12 years) was attained earlier by one year than boys (12-13 years). Conclusions: If a child’s height is consistently or substantially different from the height of other children of the same age and gender, it indicates that the child may have a medical problem and requires monitoring or treatment. The trend of physical growth as observed in height may be expected to serve as the growth standards of Dhulikhel’s children.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2015;35(3):209-217

scholarly journals Characterization and Formation of Salt affected Soils in Eastern Rajasthan Upland

Agropedology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S. Sharma ◽  
◽  
R.P. Sharma ◽  
R.S. Singh ◽  
S. K. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Underground Water ◽  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Problematic Soils ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Salt Affected Soils

Soils of the Bhilwara district are affected with different degree and extent of soluble salts. These soils are distributed in hot semi-arid agro-ecological sub region of Rajasthan. It is located between 25o 01' to 25o 58' N latitude and 74o 01' to 75o28' E longitude at an elevation between 380 and 500 meters above the mean sea level. The physico-chemical analysis of soils revealed the dominant cations such as sodium followed by calcium. Exchangeable sodium percentage was ranged 23.1 to 54.6, 17 to 38.5 and 7.1 to 20.0 in saline, sodic and saline-sodic soils, respectively. The Sodium Adsorption Ratio varied from 2.5 to 16.8, 3.2 to 9.4 and 3.8 to 12.6 in these problematic soils, respectively. Soil reaction was ranged from 7.6 to 8.4, 8.5 to 9.3 and 8.5 to 8.8 whereas electrical conductivity of saturation extract varied from 14.4 to 25.2, 1.0 to 5.6 and 2.4 to 13.6 dSm-1 in saline, sodic and saline-sodic soils, respectively. Area under saline and saline-sodic soils was moderately-well to well drained whereas sodic soils were imperfectly drained. Accumulation of calcium carbonate showed increasing trend with depth of profile in all three soils. Mean values of adjusted sodium adsorption ratio of irrigation water was 43.55, 41.88 and 36.74 for saline, saline-sodic and sodic soils. Use of low quality underground water for irrigation, aggravated the process of formation of the salt affected soils in eastern Rajasthan Uplands.

scholarly journals Case study of geochemical clustering as a tool for tracing sources of clays for archaeological and modern bricks

Baltica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-155
Author(s):  
Ričardas Taraškevičius ◽  
Vaidotas Kazakauskas ◽  
Saulius Sarcevičius ◽  
Rimantė Zinkutė ◽  
Sergej Suzdalev
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Hierarchical Clustering ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Geochemical Composition ◽  
Complete Linkage ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
The Mean

The study was conducted using 14 hierarchical clustering ways and combining them with 4 inter-related sets of elements, i.e. the contents of Al, Ba, Ca, Fe, Ga, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Nb, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th and Ti determined by EDXRF in 44 splits of 10 archaeological and 4 modern bricks, as well as in 38 clay samples from two quarries. Empirical scoring of tree dendrograms of archaeological samples helped to identify Complete Linkage, Weighted Pair Group Average and Ward’s methods as the most suitable for sourcing. Successful identification of geochemical clustering methods for fingerprinting sources of bricks is determined by the intrinsic features of the geochemical composition of stonework or quarries: their similarity, determined by the geochemical peculiarities of clay indicators, such as Al, Rb, Ga, K, Th, Fe, Ti and Nb, and differences, expressed by the elements that are more abundant in sands and silts (Si, Na), carbonates (Ca, Sr, Mg), organic matter (P) and other lithological-mineralogical tracers. It has been found that the mean values of the geochemical composition of the allied objects have much more useful fingerprinting properties. It is strongly recommended for source fingerprinting to select not only typical lithological-mineralogical samples, but also homogeneous sampling sets excluding possible outliers. It has been shown that each raw clay material has its own specific geochemical features. This is an essential useful feature for source fingerprinting using clustering of the objects of interest.

scholarly journals Impact of missing sounding reports on mandatory levels and tropopause statistics: a case study

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 2445-2449 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Antuña ◽  
J. A. Añel ◽  
L. Gimeno
Keyword(s):  
Time Lag ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Transmission Problems ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Complete Dataset ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Incomplete Datasets ◽  
Random Behaviour

Abstract. This paper describes the effect of missing sounding reports on temperature and pressure mean values for mandatory levels using the aerological information from the Camagüey Meteorological Centre. Also it is described the effect of missing data on mean temperature and pressure values at the multiple tropopause levels. The case study belongs to one station for a time lag of eight years. Up to the present these types of studies have been conducted using simulated datasets. The present one uses a real inhomogeneous radiosonde dataset. The main reason for missing reports were transmission problems and possible encoding-decoding difficulties. It has been found that profiles of the mean temperature and altitude show little differences between the complete and incomplete datasets. Moreover, no statistical significant differences were found for the mean values of the variables for the complete and incomplete datasets. The most probable reason for those results is that the cause of the missing reports has a random behaviour. Finally we have found that the only two effects noticed on the statistics were slightly higher values of the mean temperatures in the complete dataset and the decrease in the percent of multiple tropopause reports for the incomplete dataset.

Perceived Benefits of Congestion Pricing for Trucks

2003 ◽  
Vol 1833 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuya Kawamura
Keyword(s):  
Congestion Pricing ◽  
Value Of Time ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Toll Lanes ◽  
Travel Time Savings ◽  
Mode Share ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Time Savings

Empirically derived value-of-time distributions are used to calculate the perceived benefits from the time saved by trucks in using toll lanes. The conditions on the SR-91 congestion pricing facility in California are used in a case study. Assuming that the value of time for trucks is lognormally distributed, the probabilistic truck mode share for the toll lanes was estimated separately for in-house and for-hire trucks. The mean values of time for toll-lane users and nonusers were estimated using Monte Carlo simulations. The benefits were calculated as the value of travel time savings that accrue for both toll-lane users and nonusers. The analyses found that the opening of the congestion pricing facility in 1995 has resulted in more than $2 million in annual savings for trucks. Trucks would realize an added $660,000 annually if the toll lanes were open to trucks. The disproportional share of the benefit goes to a few trucks with very high values of time, especially when the toll is expensive. Also, forhire trucks receive, on average, greater benefit than in-house carriers because of higher values of time.

scholarly journals Spectroscopic Assessment of Normal Cortical Bone: Differences in Relation to Bone Site and Sex

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 402-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Kourkoumelis ◽  
Margaret Tzaphlidou
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Acid Phosphate ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Composite Tissue ◽  
Carbonated Apatite ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
The Mean

Bone is a highly complex, composite tissue and its properties normally vary with age, type, and disorders. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy techniques were used to study the effect of bone sites and sex to mineral and matrix content and composition. The results show that in rats, all inorganic phases consist of poorly crystalline B-type carbonated apatite, while overall mineralization and carbonate content is virtually unaffected among samples. Statistically significant differences were detected for the nonapatitic environments of acid phosphate and carbonate content. The mean values for the Ca/P ratio point to an increasing trend from tibia to forearm, and to femoral sections.

scholarly journals Factor Analysis Techniques for the Assessment of Water Quality: A Case Study of Okun River, Ilorin, Kwara State

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. Okoro ◽  
G. B. Adebayo ◽  
O.D Saliu ◽  
A. O. Adebayo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rapid Industrialization

Okun River caters for diverse needs. Resulting from rapid industrialization and urbanization, the quality of the river is significantly affected. The study of impact of discharged industrial wastewaters into Okun River was carried out. Physicochemical properties such as temperature, turbidity, conductivity, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, colour, odour, pH, total hardness, chloride, and concentrations of heavy metals (chromium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc and cadmium) were assessed. The mean concentrations of heavy metals and the physicochemical parameters determined were compared with standards and tolerance limit. Cr was not detected in all the samples while Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and Cd concentrations varied from 0.10-3.47 mg/L, 2.64-9.65 mg/L,0.37-3.79 mg/L, 0.22-1.53 mg/L and 0.00-0.03 mg/L respectively. The mean values of pH, temperature, conductivity, turbidity, TSS, TDS, total hardness and chloride ranged between 6.33-7.77, 25.0-29.0 oC, 325-815 mS/cm, 14.80-209.33 NTU, 733.33-1033.33 mg/L, 133-395.67 mg/L, 137.50-962.50 mg/L and 11.52- 49.04 mg/L respectively. The principal component analysis confirmed the heavy metals to be from anthropogenic and industrial origin.

scholarly journals An Italian Case Study for Assessing Nutrient Intake through Nutrition-Related Mobile Apps

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3073
Author(s):  
Lorenza Mistura ◽  
Francisco Javier Comendador Azcarraga ◽  
Laura D’Addezio ◽  
Deborah Martone ◽  
Aida Turrini
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Dietary Survey ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
Nutrition Policies ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Google Play ◽  
Good Agreement

National food consumption surveys are crucial for monitoring the nutritional status of individuals, defining nutrition policies, estimating dietary exposure, and assessing the environmental impact of the diet. The methods for conducting them are time and resource-consuming, so they are usually carried out after extended periods of time, which does not allow for timely monitoring of any changes in the population’s dietary patterns. This study aims to compare the results of nutrition-related mobile apps that are most popular in Italy, with data obtained with the dietary software Foodsoft 1.0, which was recently used in the Italian national dietary survey IV SCAI. The apps considered in this study were selected according to criteria, such as popularity (downloads > 10,000); Italian language; input characteristics (daily dietary recording ability); output features (calculation of energy and macronutrients associated with consumption), etc. 415 apps in Google Play and 226 in the iTunes Store were examined, then the following five apps were selected: YAZIO, Lifesum, Oreegano, Macro and Fitatu. Twenty 24-hour recalls were extracted from the IV SCAI database and inputted into the apps. Energy and macronutrient intake data were compared with Foodsoft 1.0 output. Good agreement was found between the selected apps and Foodsoft 1.0 (high correlation index), and no significant differences were found in the mean values of energy and macronutrients, except for fat intakes. In conclusion, the selected apps could be a suitable tool for assessing dietary intake.

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