Emissions Characteristics for Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks Under Different Loads Based on Vehicle-Specific Power

Both operating modes and emissions factors for heavy-duty diesel (HDD) trucks were analyzed under different loads to understand the effect of vehicle loads on emissions. Second-by-second speed data for different loads for HDD trucks were collected first. Then a method for calculating the vehicle-specific power (VSP) values and an emissions model for heavy-duty vehicles by using the VSP value were developed to evaluate the effect of different vehicle loads. The VSP distributions and emissions characteristics for fully loaded and unloaded trucks were analyzed and compared. The results illustrate that the fully loaded vehicles spent more time driving in steady modes and the time percentage of VSP values in the bin of 0 kW/ton for fully loaded trucks was lower than the percentage for unloaded trucks. However, the time percentage at the positive VSP value was significantly higher than the percentage for the unloaded trucks. The emissions factors of fully loaded trucks were significantly higher than those of unloaded trucks. Emissions factors were affected the most at speed intervals of 20 to 40 km/h, with emissions factors for carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), hydrocarbon, and particulate matter (PM) at 20.4%, 23.5%, 29.0%, 11.7%, and 9.4% higher, respectively, than those levels for unloaded vehicles. With an increase of travel speed, the impact of the load on emissions weakened. Vehicle loads had the greatest effect on emissions of NOx, followed by emissions of CO. PM emissions were the least affected by vehicle loads. The impact of vehicle loads on emissions was affected by different acceleration behaviors under different loads.

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Characterization of Real-World Pollutant Emissions and Fuel Consumption of Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks with Latest Emissions Control

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos10090535 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 535 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christos Keramydas ◽

Leonidas Ntziachristos ◽

Christos Tziourtzioumis ◽

Georgios Papadopoulos ◽

Ting-Shek Lo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fuel Consumption ◽

Real World ◽

Emission Factors ◽

Pollutant Emissions ◽

Particulate Filter ◽

Emission Measurement ◽

Heavy Duty ◽

Heavy Duty Diesel ◽

Diesel Trucks ◽

The Impact

Heavy-duty diesel trucks (HDDTs) comprise a key source of road transport emissions and energy consumption worldwide mainly due to the growth of road freight traffic during the last two decades. Addressing their air pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions is therefore required, while accurate emission factors are needed to logistically optimize their operation. This study characterizes real-world emissions and fuel consumption (FC) of HDDTs and investigates the factors that affect their performance. Twenty-two diesel-fueled, Euro IV to Euro VI, HDDTs of six different manufacturers were measured in the road network of the Hong Kong metropolitan area, using portable emission measurement systems (PEMS). The testing routes included urban, highway and mixed urban/highway driving. The data collected corresponds to a wide range of driving, operating, and ambient conditions. Real-world distance- and energy-based emission levels are presented in a comparative manner to capture the effect of after-treatment technologies and the role of the evolution of Euro standards on emissions performance. The emission factors’ uncertainty is analyzed. The impact of speed, road grade and vehicle weight loading on FC and emissions is investigated. An analysis of diesel particulate filter (DPF) regenerations and ammonia (NH3) slip events are presented along with the study of Nitrous oxide (N2O) formation. The results reveal deviations of real-world HDDTs emissions from emission limits, as well as the significant impact of different operating and driving factors on their performance. The occasional high levels of N2O emissions from selective catalytic reduction equipped HDDTs is also revealed, an issue that has not been thoroughly considered so far.

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Emission characteristics and control scenario analysis of VOCs from heavy-duty diesel trucks

Journal of Environmental Management ◽

10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112915 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 293 ◽

pp. 112915

Author(s):

Shifen Cheng ◽

Feng Lu ◽

Peng Peng ◽

Ji Zheng

Keyword(s):

Scenario Analysis ◽

Emission Characteristics ◽

Heavy Duty ◽

Heavy Duty Diesel ◽

And Control ◽

Diesel Trucks

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In-Use Performance and Durability of Particle Filters on Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks

Environmental Science & Technology ◽

10.1021/acs.est.8b02977 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Chelsea V. Preble ◽

Troy E. Cados ◽

Robert A. Harley ◽

Thomas W. Kirchstetter

Keyword(s):

Particle Filters ◽

Heavy Duty ◽

Heavy Duty Diesel ◽

Diesel Trucks

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Map Width Enhancement Technique for a Turbocharger Compressor

Journal of Turbomachinery ◽

10.1115/1.4007895 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 136 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Subenuka Sivagnanasundaram ◽

Stephen Spence ◽

Juliana Early

Keyword(s):

Performance Improvement ◽

Peak Pressure ◽

Pressure Ratio ◽

Comparison Study ◽

Heavy Duty ◽

Recirculating Flow ◽

Heavy Duty Diesel ◽

And Performance ◽

The Stability ◽

The Impact

This paper presents an investigation of map width enhancement and the performance improvement of a turbocharger compressor using a series of static vanes in the annular cavity of a classical bleed slot system. The investigation has been carried out using both experimental and numerical analysis. The compressor stage used for this study is from a turbocharger unit used in heavy duty diesel engines of approximately 300 kW. Two types of vanes were designed and added to the annular cavity of the baseline classical bleed slot system. The purpose of the annular cavity vane technique is to remove some of the swirl that can be carried through the bleed slot system, which would influence the pressure ratio. In addition to this, the series of cavity vanes provides a better guidance to the slot recirculating flow before it mixes with the impeller main inlet flow. Better guidance of the flow improves the mixing at the inducer inlet in the circumferential direction. As a consequence, the stability of the compressor is improved at lower flow rates and a wider map can be achieved. The impact of two cavity vane designs on the map width and performance of the compressor was highlighted through a detailed analysis of the impeller flow field. The numerical and experimental study revealed that an effective vane design can improve the map width and pressure ratio characteristic without an efficiency penalty compared to the classical bleed slot system without vanes. The comparison study between the cavity vane and noncavity vane configurations presented in this paper showed that the map width was improved by 14.3% due to a significant reduction in surge flow and the peak pressure ratio was improved by 2.25% with the addition of a series of cavity vanes in the annular cavity of the bleed slot system.

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On-road emission measurements of reactive nitrogen compounds from heavy-duty diesel trucks in China

Environmental Pollution ◽

10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114280 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 262 ◽

pp. 114280 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Liqiang He ◽

Shaojun Zhang ◽

Jingnan Hu ◽

Zhenhua Li ◽

Xuan Zheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reactive Nitrogen ◽

Nitrogen Compounds ◽

Heavy Duty ◽

Heavy Duty Diesel ◽

Diesel Trucks ◽

Road Emission

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Development of an Open Loop Fuzzy Logic Urea Dosage Controller for Use With an SCR Equipped HDD Engine

ASME 2009 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference ◽

10.1115/icef2009-14105 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Raffaello Ardanese ◽

Michelangelo Ardanese ◽

Marc C. Besch ◽

Theodore Adams ◽

Arvind Thiruvengadam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fuzzy Logic ◽

Catalytic Reduction ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Open Loop ◽

Particulate Filter ◽

Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽

Heavy Duty ◽

Ammonia Slip ◽

Fuzzy Logic Approach ◽

Heavy Duty Diesel

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems have been shown to be the most promising exhaust aftertreatment system for near term in-use applications to meet the stringent US 2010 oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions regulations of 0.2 g/bhp-hr for on-highway heavy duty diesel engines. SCR systems use the ammonia-containing compound urea, as a reducing agent. In order to control the urea dosage during transient operation of the engine, sophisticated control strategies are needed. This study discusses the development of an open loop, non-sensor based fuzzy logic urea dosage controller. The goal of the fuzzy logic based control was to achieve maximum NOx emission reduction, while limiting the amount of ammonia slip. The open loop controller was implemented on a heavy duty diesel engine equipped with a catalyzed diesel particulate filter (DPF) and a SCR system. The control system was quantified by operating the engine over different test cycles on an engine dynamometer. This study shows that the fuzzy logic approach is a simple and effective way to control NOx, as well as ammonia slip.

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