FITOSSOCIOLOGIA E DINÂMICA DE CRESCIMENTO EM UM FRAGMENTO DE FLORESTA ESTACIONAL SEMIDECIDUAL

Pretendeu-se com este estudo caracterizar a estrutura, florística e avaliar a dinâmica de um fragmento da formação Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, em São José das Palmeiras, PR. Os dados são oriundos de um inventário florestal contínuo, com área de 5000 m², dividida em 50 subunidades de 10 x 10 m (100 m²). Incluiu-se na coleta dos dados todas as árvores com diâmetro a altura do peito superiores a 5 cm. Foram registrados 787 indivíduos arbóreos, distribuídos em 32 famílias, 54 gêneros, e 61 espécies, sendo que as famílias de maior riqueza foram Fabaceae (27,57%), Euphorbiaceae (8,20%), Meliaceae (6,56%), Myrtaceae (6,56%) e Sapindaceae (6,56%). A distribuição diamétrica apresentou tendência decrescente, “J” invertido, diminuindo o número de indivíduos com o aumento das classes de diâmetro, a área basal encontrada foi de 16,66 m² ha-1. No aspecto florístico, o fragmento apresentou uma riqueza de espécies considerável, indicando ser uma formação bem conservada. A unidade foi monitorada entre 2007 e 2011, e atingiu uma taxa de ingresso de 6,7%, sendo inferior à taxa de mortalidade com 21,5%, principalmente na primeira classe diamétrica. O incremento periódico anual (IPA) foi de 0,28 cm ano-1, e o intervalo de classe diamétrica entre 35 a 50 cm foi o que apresentou os maiores incrementos. Trata-se de uma floresta jovem, em pleno estágio de sucessão, o parâmetro da dominância possui valor baixo, e igualmente ao parâmetro da densidade, são muito afetados por apenas algumas espécies. Os valores obtidos para a densidade e dominância do remanescente florestal, somado ao histórico de exploração permitem constatar que se trata de uma floresta em sucessão primária alterada.Palavras-chave: inventário florestal, floresta nativa, distribuição diamétrica.PHYSIOCHIOLOGY AND GROWTH DYNAMICS IN A SEASONAL SEASONAL FOREST FRAGMENT ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to characterize the floristic structure and to evaluate the dynamics of a fragment of the Semideciduous Seasonal Forest formation in São José das Palmeiras, PR. The data come from a continuous forest inventory, with an area of 5000 m², divided into 50 sub-units of 10 x 10 m (100 m²). All trees with a breast height diameter greater than 5 cm were included in the data collection. A total of 787 arboreal individuals, distributed in 32 families, 54 genera, and 61 species were recorded, and the families with the greatest wealth were Fabaceae (27.57%), Euphorbiaceae (8.20%), Meliaceae (6.56%), Myrtaceae (6.56%) and Sapindaceae (6.56%). The diametrical distribution showed a decreasing tendency, "J" inverted, decreasing the number of individuals with increasing diameter classes, the basal area found was 16.66 m² ha-1. In the floristic aspect, the fragment presented a considerable species richness, indicating to be a well conserved formation. The unit was monitored between 2007 and 2011, and achieved a 6.7% admission rate, being lower than the mortality rate with 21.5%, mainly in the first diametric class. The annual periodic increment (IPA) was 0.28 cm year-1, and the diameter class interval between 35 and 50 cm was the one that presented the largest increments. It is a young forest, in full succession stage, the parameter of dominance has low value, and also to the parameter of density, are affected by only a few species. The values obtained for the density and dominance of the forest remnant, added to the exploration history allow to verify that it is a forest in altered primary succession.Keywords: forest inventory, native forest, diametric distribution.

Download Full-text

Spider assemblage structure and functional diversity patterns in clear-cut, logged, and undisturbed areas in a large Atlantic Forest remnant

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/cjfr-2019-0302 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (7) ◽

pp. 608-614

Author(s):

Ronei Baldissera ◽

Suiane Oliveira de Quadros ◽

Gabriela Galeti ◽

Everton Nei Lopes Rodrigues ◽

Luan M.V. Lazzarotto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Forest ◽

Species Conservation ◽

Basal Area ◽

Selective Logging ◽

Canopy Openness ◽

Forest Fragment ◽

Clear Cut ◽

Clear Cutting ◽

Functional Richness ◽

Forest Remnant

Habitat loss is one of the main consequences of landscape transformation by humans. Monitoring biodiversity changes in areas under different management strategies is fundamental for species conservation. Our study is the first to assess the role of forest disturbance history on spider (Araneae) biodiversity in the westernmost portion of the Atlantic Forest. We analyzed taxonomic and functional aspects of spider assemblages in understories in a large forest fragment in southwestern Brazil. Spiders were sampled in five 30 m × 5 m plots over three seasons in three areas with different management histories: clear-cutting, selective logging, or native plots. We also characterized tree basal area, tree density, and canopy openness. The clear-cut plots showed more canopy openness and low habitat heterogeneity due to the high density of one pioneer native tree species. Forest structure in selective logging and native plots was similar. Spider richness, abundance, and functional richness were affected only by the season. Species composition also differed among the areas depending on the season. The abundance of web-building species was mainly associated with clear-cut areas in winter and spring. These results highlight the importance of natural regeneration in the Atlantic Forest after disturbance for the conservation of regional spider biodiversity.

Download Full-text

Phytosociology of the shrub-arboreal stratum of the Ibura National Forest, Northeastern Brazil: are 35 years sufficient to promote the regeneration of a forest fragment?

Neotropical Biology and Conservation ◽

10.3897/neotropical.15.e49114 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 89-106

Author(s):

José Paulo Santana ◽

Patrício Adriano da Rocha ◽

Eduardo Vinícius da Silva Oliveira ◽

Ana Paula Nascimento Prata ◽

Adauto Souza Ribeiro

Keyword(s):

Basal Area ◽

Forest Area ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

National Forest ◽

Native Forest ◽

Average Height ◽

Forest Fragment ◽

Successional Stage ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Corymbia Citriodora

Among the various applications of phytosociology, the evaluation of natural regeneration is of great importance, mainly because it provides insights for ecological restoration. The objective of this study was to analyze the composition and phytosociological parameters of shrub and tree vegetation in areas of plantation of eucalyptus (Corymbia citriodora) and areas of native forest in the Ibura National Forest, located in the Sergipe state of northeastern Brazil. For this purpose, 20 plots were sampled and all individuals with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 8 cm were measured. Sampling revealed 821 individuals in the forest area and 1,000 in the eucalyptus area. These individuals represent 84 species and the areas presented a significant difference in species composition, with 61 in the eucalyptus area and 65 in the Forest area, and only 40 species were common to both areas. There was a predominance of pioneer individuals in the eucalyptus area. There also was a significant difference in basal area, relative density and relative dominance, but no significant differences were observed in average height. It was concluded that a period of 35 years is insufficient for the recovery of the eucalyptus area, which remains in a more initial successional stage than the forest area.

Download Full-text

Anthropic disturbances as the main driver of a semideciduous seasonal forest fragment in Minas Gerais

Rodriguésia ◽

10.1590/2175-7860201970065 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 ◽

Author(s):

Tainá Mamede Cirne Silva ◽

Warley Augusto Caldas Carvalho ◽

Marcela de Castro Nunes Santos Terra ◽

Rubens Manoel dos Santos ◽

Alisson Borges Miranda Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Changes ◽

Basal Area ◽

Permanent Plots ◽

Forest Fragment ◽

Ecological Processes ◽

Successional Stage ◽

Tree Community ◽

Main Driver ◽

Semideciduous Seasonal Forest ◽

Protium Spruceanum

Abstract The new environmental conditions imposed by disturbance events often create a mosaic of spots in different successional stages. Our objective was to describe the temporal variation of a semideciduous seasonal forest based on its anthropic disturbance history, verifying possible changes in forest dynamics and structure. We sampled the arboreal vegetation with a diameter at breast height (1.3 m above the ground; DBH) ≥ 5 cm in 15 permanent plots of 20 × 20 m where we performed four inventories (2003, 2005, 2007 and 2015). We observed a density decrease and a basal area increase, which indicates the late successional stage of the analyzed tree community. The phytosociological structure, richness and species diversity of the tree community did not show changes throughout the monitoring. However, the Protium spruceanum predominance may be a response to the environmental changes caused by the mining occurred in the area 250 years ago. The anthropic disturbances enduring influences make this type of work indispensable because it allows the ecological processes understanding, allowing a factual management of the forests by the its effective management and conservation.

Download Full-text

PROJEÇÃO DIAMÉTRICA POR RAZÃO DE MOVIMENTAÇÃO EM UM FRAGMENTO DE FLORESTA OMBRÓFILA MISTA NO SUL DO PARANÁ

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v45i1.31091 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 151

Author(s):

Mayara Dalla Lana ◽

Sylvio Péllico Netto ◽

Ana Paula Dalla Corte ◽

Carlos Roberto Sanquetta ◽

Carlos Frederico Lins e Silva Brandão

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Management ◽

Basal Area ◽

Native Forest ◽

Forest Fragment ◽

Importance Value ◽

Breast Height ◽

Dead Trees ◽

The Individual ◽

Ombrophilous Forest ◽

Individual Trees

O objetivo deste estudo foi simular o crescimento em número de árvores e área basal de um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Mista, em nível de floresta, espécies e famílias botânicas de maior valor de importância. Os dados utilizados são provenientes de um inventário contínuo de três parcelas implantadas em 1995 de 1 ha cada e uma de 0,5 ha, totalizando uma área amostral de 3,5 ha, no município de São João do Triunfo, Paraná. Todos os indivíduos arbóreos com diâmetro à altura do peito igual ou maior que 10,0 cm foram identificados, mensurados, e durante as remedições, todas as árvores mortas e recrutadas foram registradas até o ano de 2011. As projeções com o modelo de razão de movimentação foram realizadas para os indivíduos arbóreos agrupados em intervalo de classe de 10 cm de diâmetro, para a prognose dos anos de 2013, 2015, 2017 e 2019. A floresta como um todo crescerá 5,7 m².ha-1 em área basal, mas não em número de árvores, confirmando amadurecimento desse fragmento.Palavras-chave: Manejo sustentável; floresta nativa; área basal. AbstractDiametric projection by movement ratio in a Mixed Ombrophilous Forest fragment in Southern Paraná. The aim of this research was to simulate the growth in number of trees and basal area of a Mixed Ombrophilous Forest fragment, in level of forest, botanical families and species with the greater importance value. The data are from a continuous inventory in three sample plots of 1 ha each, and one of 0.5 ha, adding up 3.5 ha of sampled area, in São João do Triunfo, Paraná. All trees with diameter at breast height equal or greater than 10.0 cm were identified, measured and, during remeasurements, all recruited and dead trees were counted until the year 2011. The projections with movement ratio model were performed to the individual trees grouped in classes’ interval of 10 cm diameter for the prognosis of the years 2013, 2015, 2017 and 2019. The forest as a whole will grow 5,7 m².ha-1 in basal area, but not in number of trees, confirming maturation of this fragment.Keywords: Sustainable management; native forest; basal area.

Download Full-text

Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in oviposition traps set in forest fragments of a semideciduous seasonal forest, Atlantic Forest domain, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

REVISTA CHILENA DE ENTOMOLOGÍA ◽

10.35249/rche.47.2.21.20 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 375-383

Author(s):

Brenda Dessbesell Stahlhöfer ◽

Alana Rafaela Borsekowsky

Keyword(s):

Urban Area ◽

Rural Area ◽

Rio Grande ◽

The State ◽

Native Forest ◽

Forest Fragments ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Forest Fragment ◽

Good Ability ◽

Semideciduous Seasonal Forest

This study aimed to compare the mosquito fauna found in three remnant forest fragments of a semideciduous seasonal forest by using oviposition traps in the northwestern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Between 2018 and 2019, larvae were collected quarterly in three forest fragments, one situated in an urban area, another in a rural area close to the city and a third formed by an extensive area of native forest far from the urban environment. Four species were caught: Aedes terrens (Walker, 1856) (282), Limatus durhamii Theobald, 1901 (30), Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) (23) and Toxorhynchites theobaldi (Dyar and Knab, 1906) (6). The Morisita-Horn index indicated a high similarity between the fragments studied (>80%). The mean number of mosquitoes collected. in the rural area was significantly higher than in the other areas (F = 6.073; d.f. = 17; p <0.05). The calculation of the phi coefficient to assess the co-occurrence of two species in the same trap did not indicate significant values (p> 0.05). Aedes terrens demonstrated a good ability to colonize and inhabit the different types of forest fragments studied. In addition, the forest fragment located in a rural area close to the urban area offered conditions for the survival of species of wild and urban mosquitoes, such as Ae. aegypti.

Download Full-text

DISTRIBUIÇÃO DIAMÉTRICA DE Escheweilera ovata EM UM FRAGMENTO DE FLORESTA OMBRÓFILA DENSA - IGARASSU, PE

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v43i1.25252 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 59 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mayara Dalla Lana ◽

Carlos Frederico Lins e Silva Brandão ◽

Sylvio Péllico Netto ◽

Luiz Carlos Marangon ◽

Fabiane Aparecida Souza Retslaff

Keyword(s):

Diameter Distribution ◽

Native Forest ◽

Forest Fragment ◽

Class Interval ◽

Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽

Log Normal ◽

Ombrophilous Forest ◽

Dense Ombrophilous Forest ◽

Smirnov Test

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o comportamento de sete funções densidade de probabilidade no ajuste da distribuição diamétrica de Eschweilera ovata em um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Densa no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Os dados utilizados são provenientes dos diâmetros de 274 árvores dessa espécie medidos durante a realização de um estudo sobre a estrutura do componente arbóreo e classificação sucessional do presente fragmento. Foram testadas as seguintes funções probabilísticas: Beta, Gama, Log-Normal, Normal, SB de Johnson, Weber e Weibull 3P, utilizando intervalo de classe de 4 cm. Os resultados do teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov indicaram que a função mais eficiente foi a Log-Normal, seguida de Weber, Weibull 3P, Beta, SB de Johnson e Gama. A distribuição Normal foi rejeitada pelo teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. O estudo também identificou que a distribuição em diâmetro de Escheweilera ovata nesse fragmento é do tipo decrescente.Palavras-chave: Distribuições probabilísticas; floresta nativa; “J” invertido.AbstractDiametric distribution of Escheweilera ovata in a Dense Ombrophilus Forest fragment - Igarassu, Pernambuco, Brazil. This research aimed to evaluate the behavior of seven probability density functions for fitting the diameter distribution of Escheweilera ovata in a Dense Ombrophilous Forest fragment in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. The data used consisted of diameters of 274 trees of this species measured during a research improved to evaluate the tree components and succession classification of this fragment. The following probabilistic functions were tested: Beta, Gamma, Log-Normal, Normal, Johnson SB , Weber and Weibull 3P, it was used diametric class interval of 4 cm. The results of the Kolmogorov - Smirnov test indicated that the most efficient function was the Log-Normal, followed by Weber, Weibull 3P, Johnson SB , Beta, and Gama. The Normal distribution was rejected by the Kolmogorov - Smirnov test. This research also indicated that the Escheweilera ovata diameter distribution in this fragment is decreasingly.Keywords: Probabilistic distributions; native forest; inverted “J”.

Download Full-text

Contribution to the automation of the calculations involving the forest inventory with the aid of an office computer

Silva Gandavensis ◽

10.21825/sg.v20i0.1001 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

R. Goossens

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Forest Inventory ◽

Basal Area ◽

Annual Increment ◽

Mixed Stands ◽

Mean Values ◽

Standing Trees ◽

General Program ◽

Magnetic Card ◽

The Right

Contribution to the automation of the calculations involving the forest inventory with the aid of an office computer - In this contribution an attempt was made to perform the calculations involving the forest inventory by means of an office computer Olivetti P203. The general program (flowchart 1), identical for all tree species except for the values of the different parameters, occupies the tracks A and B of a magnetic card used with this computer. For each tree species one magnetic card is required, while some supplementary cards are used for the subroutines. The first subroutine (flowchart 1) enables us to preserve temporarily the subtotals between two tree species (mixed stands) and so called special or stand cards (SC). After the last tree species the totals per ha are calculated and printed on the former, the average trees occuring on the line below. Appendix 1 gives an example of a similar form resulting from calculations involving a sampling in a mixed stand consisting of Oak (code 11), Red oak (code 12), Japanese larch (code 24) and Beech (code 13). On this form we find from the left to the right: the diameter class (m), the number of trees per ha, the basal area (m2/ha), the current annual increment of the basal area (m2/year/ha), current annual volume increment (m3/year/ha), the volume (m3/ha) and the money value of the standing trees (Bfr/ha). On the line before the last, the totals of the quantities mentioned above and of all the tree species together are to be found. The last line gives a survey of the average values dg, g, ig, ig, v and w. Besides this form each stand or plot has a so-called 'stand card SC' on wich the totals cited above as well as the area of the stand or the plot and its code are stored. Similar 'stand card' may replace in many cases completely the classical index cards; moreover they have the advantage that the data can be entered directly into the computer so that further calculations, classifications or tabling can be carried out by means of an appropriate program or subroutine. The subroutine 2 (flowchart 2) illustrates the use of similar cards for a series of stands or eventually a complete forest, the real values of the different quantities above are calculated and tabled (taking into account the area). At the same time the general totals and the general mean values per ha, as well as the average trees are calculated and printed. Appendix 2 represents a form resulting from such calculations by means of subroutine 2.

Download Full-text

An approximate point-based alternative for the estimation of variance under big BAF sampling

Forest Ecosystems ◽

10.1186/s40663-021-00304-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Thomas B. Lynch ◽

Jeffrey H. Gove ◽

Timothy G. Gregoire ◽

Mark J. Ducey

Keyword(s):

Forest Inventory ◽

Variance Estimation ◽

Basal Area ◽

Volume Estimation ◽

Delta Method ◽

Sampling Point ◽

Variance Estimator ◽

Computer Simulation Studies ◽

New Formula ◽

Estimation Of Variance

Abstract Background A new variance estimator is derived and tested for big BAF (Basal Area Factor) sampling which is a forest inventory system that utilizes Bitterlich sampling (point sampling) with two BAF sizes, a small BAF for tree counts and a larger BAF on which tree measurements are made usually including DBHs and heights needed for volume estimation. Methods The new estimator is derived using the Delta method from an existing formulation of the big BAF estimator as consisting of three sample means. The new formula is compared to existing big BAF estimators including a popular estimator based on Bruce’s formula. Results Several computer simulation studies were conducted comparing the new variance estimator to all known variance estimators for big BAF currently in the forest inventory literature. In simulations the new estimator performed well and comparably to existing variance formulas. Conclusions A possible advantage of the new estimator is that it does not require the assumption of negligible correlation between basal area counts on the small BAF factor and volume-basal area ratios based on the large BAF factor selection trees, an assumption required by all previous big BAF variance estimation formulas. Although this correlation was negligible on the simulation stands used in this study, it is conceivable that the correlation could be significant in some forest types, such as those in which the DBH-height relationship can be affected substantially by density perhaps through competition. We derived a formula that can be used to estimate the covariance between estimates of mean basal area and the ratio of estimates of mean volume and mean basal area. We also mathematically derived expressions for bias in the big BAF estimator that can be used to show the bias approaches zero in large samples on the order of $\frac {1}{n}$ 1 n where n is the number of sample points.

Download Full-text

Pollination biology of Geissomeria pubescens Nees (Acanthaceae) in a forest remnant in central Brazil

Botany ◽

10.1139/cjb-2013-0211 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 92 (3) ◽

pp. 215-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Raphael Matias ◽

Hélder Consolaro

Keyword(s):

Fruit Set ◽

Floral Biology ◽

Pollination Biology ◽

Energy Availability ◽

Open Pollination ◽

Forest Fragment ◽

Central Brazil ◽

Forest Remnant ◽

Fruit Formation ◽

Nectar Availability

Specialized plants like those in genus Geissomeria Lindl. (Acanthaceae) seem to depend directly on pollination by hummingbirds for reproduction. The goal of this study was to investigate the pollination biology of Geissomeria pubescens Nees (Acanthaceae) in a forest fragment in the municipality of Catalão, state of Goiás, Brazil, including aspects of morphology, floral biology, energy availability from nectar, and reproductive system. Geissomeria pubescens has pendulous red flowers, tubular corolla, diurnal anthesis, and no odor. These floral traits characterize G. pubescens as an ornithophilous species. The total amount of energy available from nectar was 8.60 ± 2.87 cal·flower–1, and each individual produced up to 22.53 cal·day–1. Based on the resources offered by G. pubescens, the fragment studied may support up to 94.6 hummingbirds during the peak of nectar availability. Hummingbirds were the only flower visitors, and Thalurania furcata (Gmelin, 1788) was the main pollinator. Flowers from manual cross- and self-pollination treatments produced fruits, but fruit set was low compared with open pollination. These results, along with the lack of fruit set from agamospermy and spontaneous selfing, demonstrate the importance of hummingbirds for pollen flow and, consequently, for fruit formation in G. pubescens.

Download Full-text

Zur Auswirkung der Hangneigungskorrektur auf Schätzwerte im Schweizerischen Landesforstinventar (LFI) | Investigation of the effect of the slope correction method as applied in the Swiss National Forest Inventory of estimates

Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen ◽

10.3188/szf.2001.0215 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 152 (6) ◽

pp. 215-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Michael Köhl ◽

Peter Brassel

Keyword(s):

Forest Inventory ◽

Basal Area ◽

Correction Method ◽

National Forest Inventory ◽

National Forest ◽

Average Deviation ◽

Forest Inventories ◽

Slope Correction ◽

Number Of Stems ◽

Elliptical Area

For forest inventories on slopes, it is necessary to correct the test areas, because the circular areas, when projected, become elliptical. Based on 93 samples from the Swiss National Forest Inventory (FNI), it was determined whether the simplified method, which increases the radius to match that of the elliptical area, leads to a distortion of the results. An average deviation of 2% was found between the FNI estimated values and the actual values for the basal area and the number of stems. For estimations of smaller units, greater distortions of the results are expected.

Download Full-text