scholarly journals Genotyping Hungarian apricot cultivars for self-(in)compatibility by isoelectric focusing and PCR analysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pedryc ◽  
J. Halász ◽  
R. Hermán ◽  
A. Hegedűs
Keyword(s):  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
S Locus ◽  
Prunus Species ◽  
First Intron ◽  
S Alleles ◽  
S Allele ◽  
Consensus Primers

Self-incompatibility (SI) in flowering plants is a widespread genetic system that promotes out-crossing. In Prunus species the SI is a gametophytic trait, which is controlled by a single multiallelic locus, termed S-locus. S-alleles codify stylar glycoproteins with ribonuclease activity (S-RNases). Our objective was to assess the S-genotype of some Hungarian apricot varieties by isoelectric focusing of stylar RNases as well as by PCR analysis using cherry consensus primers. Consensus primers amplified one or two bands of various sizes. Primers amplifying the 1st intron gained fragments the size of which ranged from 250 to 500 bp; while those amplifying the 2nd intron resulted in fragments of 800-2000 by length. Our data demonstrated that the first intron of the apricot S-RNase gene is shorter than the second one, which coincides with the structure of cherry S-RNase alleles. `Hargrand' (S1S2) and `Harcoe (S1S4) possessed one common S-RNase isoenzyme. Hungarian 'Orias' apricot cultivars showed different bands compared to the previous cultivars, but they shared completely identical patterns confirming that they possess the same S-genotype. 'Bergeron', `Harmat' and 'Korai zamatos' are characterised by an evidently distinct S-RNase pattern. The self-compatible cultivar (`Bergeron') had one allele, which suggests its correspondence to the Sc. Primers for the 2nd intron was unsuccessful in gaining fragments, which indicates that the 2nd intron in the Sc allele is too long to get any amplification. On the basis of our data, identities and differences were revealed in the S-allele constitution of some economically important Hungarian apricot cultivars at protein and DNA levels.

scholarly journals Wild and Rare Self-Incompatibility Allele S17 Found in 24 Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) Cultivars

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Kivistik ◽  
Liina Jakobson ◽  
Kersti Kahu ◽  
Kristiina Laanemets
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
S Locus ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
S Alleles ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
S Allele ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars ◽  
Consensus Primers

AbstractThe pollination of self-incompatible diploid sweet cherry is determined by the S-locus alleles. We resolved the S-alleles of 50 sweet cherry cultivars grown in Estonia and determined their incompatibility groups, which were previously unknown for most of the tested cultivars. We used consensus primers SI-19/20, SI-31/32, PaConsI, and PaConsII followed by allele-specific primers and sequencing to identify sweet cherry S-genotypes. Surprisingly, 48% (24/50) of the tested cultivars, including 17 Estonian cultivars, carry the rare S-allele S17, which had initially been described in wild sweet cherries in Belgium and Germany. The S17-allele in Estonian cultivars could originate from ‘Leningradskaya tchernaya’ (S6|S17), which has been extensively used in Estonian sweet cherry breeding. Four studied cultivars carrying S17 are partly self-compatible, whereas the other 20 cultivars with S17 have not been reported to be self-compatible. The recommended pollinator of seven self-incompatible sweet cherries is of the same S-genotype, including four with S17-allele, suggesting heritable reduced effectiveness of self-infertility. We classified the newly genotyped sweet cherry cultivars into 15 known incompatibility groups, and we proposed four new incompatibility groups, 64–67, for S-locus genotypes S3|S17, S4|S17, S5|S17, and S6|S17, respectively, which makes them excellent pollinators all across Europe. Alternatively, the frequency of S17 might be underestimated in Eastern European populations and some currently unidentified sweet cherry S-alleles might potentially be S17.

scholarly journals Preliminary characterization of the self-incompatibility genotypes of European plum (Prunus domestica L.) cultivars

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Halász ◽  
A. Kurilla ◽  
A. Hegedűs
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
S Locus ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
First Intron ◽  
S Alleles

European plum is an important fruit crop with complex, hexaploid genome of unknown origin. The characterization of the selfincompatibility (S) locus of 16 European plum cultivars was carried out using the PaConsI-F primer in combination with the EM-PC1consRD primer for the first intron and the EM-PC2consFD and EM-PC3consRD primers for the second intron amplification. Altogether, 18 different alleles were scored indicating high genetic diversity. These alleles were labelled using alphabetical codes from SA to SS. We  identified 5 different alleles in 9 cultivars, 4 alleles in 5 cultivars, while 3 alleles were shown in two of the assayed cultivars. A total of 16 different S-genotypes were assigned, and discrimination of all plum cultivars was successful based on their unique S-genotypes. However, further research is required to reliably identify the S-alleles based on their DNA sequence and clarify complete S-genotypes.

Latent S alleles are widespread in cultivated self-compatible Brassica napus

Genome ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
U U Ekuere ◽  
I A.P Parkin ◽  
C Bowman ◽  
D Marshall ◽  
D J Lydiate
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
S Locus ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
A Genome ◽  
C Genome ◽  
S Alleles ◽  
Crop Types ◽  
S Allele

The genetic control of self-incompatibility in Brassica napus was investigated using crosses between resynthesized lines of B. napus and cultivars of oilseed rape. These crosses introduced eight C-genome S alleles from Brassica oleracea (S16, S22, S23, S25, S29, S35, S60, and S63) and one A-genome S allele from Brassica rapa (SRM29) into winter oilseed rape. The inheritance of S alleles was monitored using genetic markers and S phenotypes were determined in the F1, F2, first backcross (B1), and testcross (T1) generations. Two different F1 hybrids were used to develop populations of doubled haploid lines that were subjected to genetic mapping and scored for S phenotype. These investigations identified a latent S allele in at least two oilseed rape cultivars and indicated that the S phenotype of these latent alleles was masked by a suppressor system common to oilseed rape. These latent S alleles may be widespread in oilseed rape varieties and are possibly associated with the highly conserved C-genome S locus of these crop types. Segregation for S phenotype in subpopulations uniform for S genotype suggests the existence of suppressor loci that influenced the expression of the S phenotype. These suppressor loci were not linked to the S loci and possessed suppressing alleles in oilseed rape and non-suppressing alleles in the diploid parents of resynthesized B. napus lines.Key words: self-incompatibility, B. oleracea, B. rapa, S locus, suppression.

scholarly journals Self-incompatibility allele identification in Ukrainian sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-158
Author(s):  
Ya. I. Ivanovych ◽  
N. V. Tryapitsyna ◽  
K. M. Udovychenko ◽  
R. A. Volkov
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Incompatibility Group ◽  
S Alleles ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Incompatibility Alleles ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars ◽  
Consensus Primers

Aim. Ukrainian breeders have created a large number of sweet cherry cultivars, which still remain almost unexplored at the molecular level. The aim of our study was to identify the self-incompatibility alleles (S-alleles) in Ukrainian sweet cherry cultivars and landraces, and to elucidate, to which cross-incompatibility group the cultivars belong. Methods. The PCR was conducted using consensus primers to the first and second introns of S-RNAse gene and to the single intron of SFB gene. The electrophoretic analysis of the PCR products of the second intron of S-RNAse was carried out in agarose gel, whereas detection of fluorescently labeled DNA fragments of the first S-RNAse intron and the SFB intron was performed using a genetic analyzer. Results. The S-alleles of 25 Ukrainian sweet cherry cultivars and 10 landraces were identified. The S-alleles frequencies and affiliation of cultivars and landraces to the groups of cross-incompatibility were determined. The obtained data can be used in breeding programs and by planning of industrial plantings. Conclusions. In the study, 12 different S-alleles and 79 S-haplotypes were identified. The S1, S3, S4, S5, S6 and S9 alleles are the most widespread among Ukrainian sweet cherry cultivars and landraces. The high frequencies of S5 and especially of S9 alleles are characteristic for the Ukrainian cultivars and distinguish them from other European ones. For the Ukrainian sweet cherry cultivars, the XXXVII (S5S9) cross-incompatibility group appeared to be the most numerous.Keywords: Ukrainian sweet cherry cultivars, S-locus, Sgenotypes, self- and cross-incompatibility, Prunus avium.

Phylogenetic relationships among the first and second introns of selected Prunus S-RNase genes

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 1145-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Rahemi ◽  
Thomas M. Gradziel ◽  
Jose X. Chaparro ◽  
Kevin M. Folta ◽  
Toktam Taghavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Electrophoresis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
S Locus ◽  
Prunus Species ◽  
Consensus Primer ◽  
S Alleles ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Wild Almond ◽  
Common Sequence

Rahemi, A., Gradziel T.M., Chaparro J.X., Folta, K.M., Taghavi, T., Fatahi, R., Ebadi, A. and Hassani, D. 2015. Phylogenetic relationships among the first and second introns of selected Prunus S-RNase genes. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 1145–1154. To identify and evaluate self-incompatible alleles in almonds and related germplasm, DNA from 15 Prunus species was amplified using two degenerate consensus primer pairs flanking first and second S-locus introns (PaConsI-FD+EM-Pc1ConsRD and EM-Pc2ConsFD+EM-Pc3ConsRD). Twenty-eight amplified PCR products were analyzed by automated sequencer capillary electrophoresis. Sequenced fragments were aligned against available Prunus S-locus sequences in the National Center for Biotechnology Information and S-alleles identities were determined. The phylogenetic relationships between S-alleles in the germplasm studied were determined by the homology between their sequences and dendrograms were obtained for each primer pair. The Maximum Likelihood (homology) ranged from 84 to 100%. Most sequences were similar to cultivated almond (Prunus dulcis) or to the European wild almond (P. webbii). Twenty-six alleles for the first and the second introns were registered in the database in the GenBank. Two sequences of the first and second introns, which were taken from Prunus nairica and had similarity in GenBank, were registered in the database under a common sequence of the first and second intron. Analysis of phylogenetic relationships (dendrograms) among S-alleles from wild almond species as well as S-alleles cluster relations showed most pairs of alleles well supported by bootstrap.

scholarly journals Self-incompatibility alleles in Esatern European and Asian almond (Prunus dulcis) genotypes: a preliminary study

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Szikriszt ◽  
S. Ercisli ◽  
A. Hegedűs ◽  
J. Halász
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
S Locus ◽  
Centre Of Origin ◽  
Incompatibility Alleles ◽  
S Allele ◽  
The Village ◽  
New Alleles

Almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb.] as one of the oldest domesticated plants is thought to have originated in central Asia. Gametophytic self-incompatibility of almond is controlled by the highly polymorphic S-locus. The S-locus encodes for an S-ribonuclease (S-RNase) protein in the pistils, which degrades RNA in self-pollen tubes and hence stops their growing. This study was carried out to detect S-RNase allelic variants in Hungarian and Eastern European almond cultivars and Turkish wild growing seedlings, and characterize their S-allele pool. Five new alleles were identifi ed, S31H, S36-S39 in Eastern European local cultivars. The village Bademli and Akdamar island are two distinct places of almond natural occurrence in Turkey. Trees growing wild around Bademli city showed greater genetic diversity than those originated on Akdamar island. Many of the previously described 45 S-RNase alleles have been also detected in these regions. Homology searches revealed that Turkish almonds carried some P. webbii alleles indicating hybridization between the two cultivars and massive introgression events. Our results supply long-awaited information on almond S-allele diversity from regions between the main cultivation centres and the centre of origin of this species; and are discussed from the aspect of methodological developments and evolution of the cultivated almond.

scholarly journals Nonself-recognition-based self-incompatibility can alternatively promote or prevent introgression

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Harkness ◽  
Yaniv Brandvain
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Limitation ◽  
List Type ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Core Eudicots ◽  
S Alleles ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Nonself Recognition ◽  
Negative Frequency Dependent Selection ◽  
Incompatibility Alleles ◽  
S Allele

1SummaryTraditionally, we expect that self-incompatibility alleles (S-alleles), which prevent self-fertilization, should benefit from negative-frequency dependent selection and rise to high frequency when introduced to a new population through gene flow. However, the most taxonomically widespread form of self-incompatibility, the ribonuclease-based system ancestral to the core eudicots, functions through nonself-recognition, which drastically alters the process of S-allele diversification.We analyze a model of S-allele evolution in two populations connected by migration, focusing on comparisons among the fates of S-alleles originally unique to each population and those shared among populations.We find that both shared and unique S-alleles originating from the population with more unique S-alleles were usually fitter than S-alleles from the population with fewer. Resident S-alleles were often driven extinct and replaced by migrant S-alleles, though this outcome could be averted by pollen limitation or biased migration.Nonself-recognition-based self-incompatibility will usually either disfavor introgression of S-alleles or result in the whole-sale replacement of S-alleles from one population with those from another.

ALLELIC POLYMORPHISM OF THE SELFINCOMPATIBILITY GENE IN CHERRY VARIETIES IN SELECTION OF ALL-RUSSIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR FRUIT CROP BREEDING

1970 ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Е. V. Bezlepkina ◽  
А. А. Gulyaeva ◽  
А. V. Pikunova
Keyword(s):  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Allelic Polymorphism ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Allele Polymorphism ◽  
Multiple Allele ◽  
S Gene ◽  
S Alleles ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
S Allele

Self-incompatibility is one of the most important mechanisms used by flowering plants to prevent self-fertilization and, consequently, to provide the genetic diversity of population. The self-incompatibility in Prunus is controlled by two genes as minimum: S (self-incompatibility) and SFB (S haplotype-specific F-box protein).  S gene is represented in the population by a multiple allele series. Compatibility in pollination is dependent on the S allele combination of the cultivars. When S allele in the pollen is identical with one of the S alleles of the mother plant fertilization is arrested. Thus, both self-fertilization and fertilization by pollen of closely related plants (having identical S alleles) are prevented. This mechanism may be interrupted in the case of mutations in the S or SFB gene, which leads to the appearance of self-compatibility cultivars, and polyploidization, such as in sour cherry. The investigation of the S gene allele polymorphism of sweet cherry cultivars of VNIISPK breeding was performed as a part of the study of the gene collection of stone crops. Both consensus (PaConsI, PaConsII) and allele-specific (S1, S5, S9, S10) primers were used. The S-genotype of cultivars Adelina (S3/S5), Poezia (S3/S5), Siana (S3/S6), Orlovskaia feia (S3/S5) and Trosnianskaia (S5/S6) were established. The S-genotype of cultivars Malish, Podarok Orlu, Orlovskaia rozovaia and Orlovskaia yantarnaia was determined partially, as these cultivars have unique previously undescribed or very rare S alleles. Podarok Orlu variety has S9 allele and undescribed one. Malish and Orlovskaia yantarnaia varieties have S6 allele and S17 or S30 alleles supposedly, for these alleles specific primers have not yet been developed. Orlovskaya rozovaia has S6 allele and undescribed previously one.

On the evolution of genetic incompatibility systems. VI. A three-locus modifier model for the origin of gametophytic self-incompatibility.

Genetics ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-469
Author(s):  
M K Uyenoyama
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
Rare Allele ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
S Locus ◽  
Genetic Incompatibility ◽  
Genetic Determination ◽  
Modifier Locus ◽  
Coordinated Expression ◽  
Conventional Models

Abstract Recent genetic analyses have demonstrated that self-incompatibility in flowering plants derives from the coordinated expression of a system of loci. To address the selective mechanisms through which a genetic system of this kind evolves, I present a three-locus model for the origin of gametophytic self-incompatibility. Conventional models assume that a single locus encodes all physiological effects associated with self-incompatibility and that the viability of offspring depends only on whether they were derived by selfing or outcrossing. My model explicitly represents the genetic determination of offspring viability by a locus subject to symmetrically overdominant selection. Initially, the level of expression of the proto-S locus is insufficient to induce self-incompatibility. Weak gametophytic self-incompatibility arises upon the introduction of a rare allele at an unlinked modifier locus which enhances the expression of the proto-S locus. While conventional models predict that the origin of self-incompatibility requires at least two- to threefold levels of inbreeding depression, I find that the comparatively low levels of inbreeding depression generated by a single overdominant locus can ensure the invasion of an enhancer of self-incompatibility under sufficiently high rates of receipt of self-pollen. Associations among components of the incompatibility system promote the origin of self-incompatibility. Enhancement of heterozygosity at the initially neutral proto-S locus improves offspring viability through associative overdominance. Further, the modifier that enhances the expression of self-incompatibility develops a direct association with heterozygosity at the overdominant viability locus. These results suggest that the evolutionary processes by which incompatibility systems originate may differ significantly from those associated with their breakdown. The genetic mechanism explored here may apply to the evolution of other systems that restrict reproduction, including maternal-fetal incompatibility in mammals.

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