First selections of the Hungarian apple breeding program for multiple resistance

The aim of the first Hungarian apple breeding program for multiple resistance started in the beginning of the nineties is to widen Hungarian apple assortment by good quality, resistant apple cultivars with excellent productivity and ecological capability to the most important fruit growing areas in Hungary. In the first years of seedling production we made early selection for susceptibility to apple scab in greenhouse. Alter this, field observation of susceptibility to powdery mildew, scab and canker and a yearly negative selection was carried on. From 1997, fruit quality was evaluated as well, and from 2001 the resistance of shoots to Erwinia ainylovora (Burrill/Winslow et al.) was examined using inoculations in greenhouse conditions. From the progenies of crosses in 1992 and 1993, six candidates were announced to national recognition out of hybrids examined for more than a decade. Descriptions of these selections from 'Prima' progenies and the most important data of their resistance, growing habit, morphological characteristics and fruit quality are shown in this article.

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Historical apple cultivars that display high level of resistance to fire blight

International Journal of Horticultural Science ◽

10.31421/ijhs/10/3/482 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 19-23

Author(s):

Kása K. ◽

G. Tóth M. ◽

Hevesi M.

Keyword(s):

Disease Resistance ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Fire Blight ◽

Erwinia Amylovora ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Blight Resistance ◽

Multiple Resistance ◽

New Varieties ◽

Apple Cultivars ◽

High Level

Following the first outbreak of fire blight caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora (Burrill) Winslow et al. in Hungary, we have started research with the aim to screen domestic gene sources, mostly historical Hungarian apple cultivars, for disease resistance as part of an apple breeding program for multiple resistance. The present study was conducted with the aim to choose the most tolerant historical apple cultivars among 25 selected cultivars by screening their behavior towards fire blight under controlled conditions. Six cultivars were shown to be the most disease tolerant: `Batul', 'London pepin', Nemes Sóvári Alma', `Sikulai', `Szemes alma', Wilmos renet'. We evaluated these cultivars by investigating both morphological- characteristics under original environmental circumstances and fruit quality. The cultivars had a remarkable degree of fire blight resistance compared to the control cultivars. These were not competitive with the commercially grown 'Jonathan M40' during cultivar tests but on the basis of certain characteristics they could serve as genetic sources for breeding new varieties.

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Six promising selections from the Hungarian apple breeding program for multiple resistance

International Journal of Horticultural Science ◽

10.31421/ijhs/11/3/594 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. Tóth

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Fire Blight ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Apple Scab ◽

Breeding Program ◽

Scab Resistance ◽

Multiple Resistance ◽

Vf Gene ◽

Apple Breeding ◽

Malus Floribunda

An apple breeding program has been carried out at the Department of Fruit Science for more than a decade. Several apple selections have been released from the progenies of crosses in 1992 and 1993. Six candidates were submitted for national recognition out of the hybrids examined for more than a decade. The six selections are resistant against all the three most important apple diseases (apple scab, powdery mildew and fire blight). Scab resistance is controlled by the Vf gene originating from the species Malus floribunda 821 and transmitted by cultivar Prima. Heterozygote Vfvf genotype of the six cultivar candidates was proved by molecular genetic examinations of Dept. Genetics and Plant Breeding. Characteristics of these selections from 'Prima' progenies are shown on the base of our own observations.

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Historical apple cultivars that display high level of resistance to fire blight

International Journal of Horticultural Science ◽

10.31421/ijhs/10/3/498 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 19-23

Author(s):

K. Kása ◽

M. G. Tóth ◽

M. Hevesi

Keyword(s):

Disease Resistance ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Fire Blight ◽

Erwinia Amylovora ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Blight Resistance ◽

Multiple Resistance ◽

New Varieties ◽

Apple Cultivars ◽

High Level

Following the first outbreak of fire blight caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora (Burrill) Winslow et al. in Hungary, we have started research with the aim to screen domestic gene sources, mostly historical Hungarian apple cultivars, for disease resistance as part of an apple breeding program for multiple resistance. The present study was conducted with the aim to choose the most tolerant historical apple cultivars among 25 selected cultivars by screening their behavior towards fire blight under controlled conditions. Six cultivars were shown to be the most disease tolerant: `Batul', 'London pepin', Nemes Sóvári Alma', `Sikulai', `Szemes alma', Wilmos renet'. We evaluated these cultivars by investigating both morphological- characteristics under original environmental circumstances and fruit quality. The cultivars had a remarkable degree of fire blight resistance compared to the control cultivars. These were not competitive with the commercially grown 'Jonathan M40' during cultivar tests but on the basis of certain characteristics they could serve as genetic sources for breeding new varieties.

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New columnar apple hybrdids of VNIISPK breeding

The Agrarian Scientific Journal ◽

10.28983/asj.y2020i10pp38-40 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 38-40

Author(s):

Svetlana Aleksandrovna Korneyeva ◽

Evgeny Nikolaevich Sedov ◽

Tatiana Vladimirovna Yanchuk

Keyword(s):

Preliminary Data ◽

Import Substitution ◽

Field Resistance ◽

Apple Breeding ◽

Diploid Gamete ◽

Scab Immunity ◽

Apple Cultivars ◽

Selection For ◽

The Creation ◽

Genotype A

Within the framework of updating import substitution in agriculture, the issue of creating adaptive, competitive and suitable for intensive gardening apple cultivars is acute. VNIISPK conducts selection for the creation of columnar apple cultivars that meet the requirements of modern market. As a result of purposeful crosses of columnar cultivars of scab immunity donors and diploid gamete donors, a series of hybrids was obtained. 9 analyzed families have 595 seedlings, of which 299 have columnar habitus (50.3%). Among columnar seedlings, 38 seedlings are diploid (2x) and have immunity to scab (Vf), 47 seedlings are triploids (3x), but have only field resistance to scab, 98 seedlings combine in their genotype a triple set of chromosomes and immunity to scab (Vf). Preliminary data on the study of economically valuable features of columnar seedlings by employees of the Apple breeding laboratory of VNIISPK were allocated to select forms of 8 hybrids: from families [Vostorg x 25-37-45 (4x) (Orlovskaya Girlyanda x Wealthy tetraploid - 3 seedlings, [Poezia x 30-47-88 (4x) (Liberty x 13-6-106 (S. Suvorovetz)]- 4 seedlings, [(22-26-124 (Wealthy x OR38T17) x Poezia] - 1 seedling.

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510 Impact of a Reduced Fungicide Program on `Liberty' Apple Tree Vigor, Productivity, and Fruit Quality

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.35.3.482e ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 482E-482

Author(s):

L.P. Berkett ◽

M.E. Garcia ◽

J. Clements ◽

G. Neff

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Apple Tree ◽

Venturia Inaequalis ◽

Apple Scab ◽

Quality Data ◽

Apple Cultivars ◽

Show Difference ◽

Repeated Applications ◽

Marketable Fruit ◽

Important Disease

Apple scab, a fungal disease caused by Venturia inaequalis, is considered the most important disease of apple worldwide. The disease can be devastating, causing reduction in yield or making the apples unfit for the market. Currently, the production of marketable fruit from scab susceptible cultivars depends on the repeated applications of fungicides. Scab-resistant apple cultivars, which are genetically immune to apple scab, can offer a biological alternative to fungicide use. `Liberty,' was bred for immunity to apple scab; however, it is not immune to other apple diseases and pests. Research has been conducted during a 3-year project (1996–1998) to determine whether reduced fungicide programs adversely affect overall tree vigor, productivity, and fruit quality. Data collected include tree vigor (TCSA and time of leaf abscission), tree productivity (YE), and fruit quality (fruit firmness and disorders during storage). Results indicate no significant differences between the two treatments (reduced fungicide and no fungicide application) in most of the parameters measured. Based on fruit that were harvested and graded to commercial standards, the estimated gross monetary value of the crop does not show difference between treatments. These results could translate into an economic advantage for growers when one factors in the savings in fungicide purchases. In addition, there are also health and environmental advantages to reduced fungicide usage.

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Management of Apple Scab and Powdery Mildew Using Bicarbonate Salts and Other Alternative Organic Products with Fungicide Effect in Apple Cultivars

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha46110783 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 115-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Viorel MITRE ◽

Erzsébet BUTA ◽

Lehel LUKÁCS ◽

Ioana MITRE ◽

Răzvan TEODORESCU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Apple Scab ◽

Ammonium Phosphate ◽

Potassium Silicate ◽

Potassium Bicarbonate ◽

Resistant Cultivars ◽

Lime Sulphur ◽

Fruit Growing ◽

Apple Cultivars ◽

Organic Fruit

The control of apple scab and powdery mildew is a challenge for organic fruit growing. Bicarbonate salts are already consecrate in reducing the attack of scab and powdery mildew in organic apple culture. In the current study the influence of some products accepted in organic apple production to control scab and powdery mildew (potasium bicarbonate, lime sulphur, wettable sulphur, potassium silicate, cooper ammonium-phosphate, potassium bicarbonate + potassium silicate, potassium bicarbonate + wettable sulphur) in comparison with untreated control, were used. The biological material was represented by three scab resistant cultivars (‘Luna’, ‘Topaz’ and ‘Sirius’) and three scab susceptible cultivars (‘Elstar’, ‘Pinova’ and ‘Golden Delicious’). The experiments were carried out during 2014-2016 at Steluța LTD, Cluj-Napoca, N.W. Romania, as a bifactorial experiment arranged in randomized blocks. The trees were planted in 2011 at a density of 3,175 trees/ha. Depending of the year, a number of 18-22 treatments were made annually after each rain. It can be concluded that the combination of potassium bicarbonate + wettable sulphur significantly reduced the attack degree of scab and powdery mildew on leaves and fruits and increased the yield of the scab-susceptible and scab resistant cultivars. Good results were obtained in the case of treatment with potassium bicarbonate with potassium silicate, potassium bicarbonate and cooper ammonium phosphate. The treatments with the products used in the experiments did not register symptoms of phytotoxicity on leaves or fruits, except lime sulphur and wettable sulphur and cooper ammonium phosphates.

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Field Evaluation of Traditional Apple Cultivars to Induced Diseases and Pests

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha4119004 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 238 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

János BÁLINT ◽

Rezső THIESZ ◽

Imre-István NYÁRÁDI ◽

Károly-Attila SZABÓ

Keyword(s):

Apple Scab ◽

Field Evaluation ◽

Codling Moth ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Fruit Peel ◽

Apple Breeding ◽

Apple Cultivars ◽

Moderate Resistance ◽

High Level ◽

Moderately Resistant

During the survey we studied traditional old apple cultivars in order to test disease resistance, as part of an apple breeding program. Diseases and pests assessments were made throughout the two growing season in 2008 and 2009 in traditional apple cultivars (‘Batul’, ‘Pónyik’, and ‘Sóvári’) from stray and commercial (‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Starkrimson’) apple orchards. Our data add to a body of evidence indicating that traditional apple cultivars under natural selection and without pesticide regime are highly and/or moderately resistant to fire blight, apple powdery mildew and apple scab. High resistance was observed for green apple aphid (‘Sóvári’) and rosy leaf-curling aphid (all cultivars, except ‘Sóvári’) throughout the assessment. Susceptibility from mediate to high level was observed for fruit peel moth and pear-leaf blister moth, while resistance and/or moderate resistance for spotted tentiform leafminer and codling moth. The codling moth damages were significantly correlated with seed number in fruits throughout the whole vegetation period. We can conclude that old apple cultivars sustained in their original regions could be a significant source of genes for apple breeding programs.

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Effect of M9, MM106 and Seedling Rootstocks on Sunburn-Sensitivity of 33 Apple Cultivars, and Sunburn Effects on Fruit Quality

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/16/3316 ◽

2005 ◽

pp. 236-247

Author(s):

József Racskó ◽

Sándor Thurzó ◽

Gábor Drén

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Apple Cultivars ◽

Potential Area

The purpose of this study was to investigate the sunburn-sensitivity of 33 apple cultivars grafted onto 3 rootstocks (M9, MM106 and seedling) in a commercial orchard at Nagykutas (in the western part of Hungary). The authors also searched for any relationship between fruit quality parameters and the frequency of sunburn on the fruit surface.During the observations, the cultivars had rootstock-specific properties in respect to sunburn-susceptibility. Accordingly, the injury decreased in the order M9, MM106 and seedling rootstocks. The differences in the sensitivity were founded on the foliage-morphological characteristics of trees, caused by the growing vigour of the rootstocks. Accordingly, the highest value of sunburn injury was observed on M9 rootstock, because this rootstock has a dwarfing effect on the grafted main cultivars. Thus, the vegetative area of these trees grew very slowly and the foliage was not compact enough to protect the fruits from the strong rays. The largeness and density of the foliage increased in the order M9, MM106 and seedling rootstocks. Relationships were also demonstrated between the diameter of the upper part of crown, the size of leaves, the number of fruits per tree and the injury from sunburn.The damage values showed, that the gravity of symptoms did not decrease below a well-defined level of dimension on fruit. Determined potential area of injury was necessary for the symptoms to become visible.The authors categorized the cultivars in the respect of values of sunburn frequency: I. „Not sensitive”, II. „Moderately sensitive” and III. „Very sensitive” categories were constituted. Generally, the Gala cultivars showed low damage (or were free of symptoms), in contrast, Golden mutants suffered relative strongly. The most sensitive cultivar was Jonica on all three of rootstocks.We searched for any relationship between the fruit quality parameters and the frequency of sunburn. A significant correlation was found in the cases of fruit weight and colour-coverage. The latter can be related to that fact that highly colour covered fruits are found on the peripherial part of crown, so these are exposed to stronger sun rays

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Trends in Fruit Quality Improvement From 15 Years of Selection in the Apple Breeding Program of Washington State University

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.714325 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Soon Li Teh ◽

Sarah Kostick ◽

Lisa Brutcher ◽

Bonnie Schonberg ◽

Bruce Barritt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Washington State ◽

Breeding Program ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Eating Quality ◽

Outer Cortex ◽

Apple Breeding ◽

Washington State University ◽

Solids Concentration ◽

Inner Cortex

Washington State University's apple breeding program (WABP) was initiated in 1994 to select new apple cultivars with improved eating quality, appearance, and storability that are suitable for production in the main growing regions of the state. Fruit quality is phenotyped using various instrumental measures, such as penetrometers (texture), titrator (acidity), and refractometer (soluble solids concentration; SSC), as well as sensory assessment. The selection regime of WABP occurs in three sequential phases: phase one (P1)—single, unreplicated seedlings at one site, phase two (P2)—replicated selections at three geographically diverse sites, and phase three (P3)—highly replicated elite selections at one to two grower sites. Most of the data collection of WABP occurs in P2. Knowledge of trends/changes associated with advancing selections is essential for understanding the selection criteria and progress of WABP throughout the changing compositions of advancing and culling selections. For each post-harvest trait, P2 data from harvest years 2005 to 2019 were split across sites, and between selections and reference cultivars (e.g., Cripps Pink, Gala, and Honeycrisp). Means of instrumental crispness (Cn) and inner cortex firmness for the advancing selections increased gradually over this period and were significantly higher than those for cultivars. Means of outer cortex firmness measurements were stable for selections but significantly higher than those for cultivars. The average fruit acidity of selections increased marginally over this period and was higher than that of the cultivars. Meanwhile, the average fruit SSCs of selections and cultivars were statistically indistinguishable. These 15-year trends indicate that WABP has been selecting apples with improved eating quality and storability through increased crispness and inner cortex firmness, respectively.

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