scholarly journals Content of mineral- and sulphur compounds in Hungarian and French garlic varieties

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Iváncsics ◽  
Cs. Gombkötő ◽  
N. Gombkötő ◽  
Á. Máthé
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Sulfur Compounds ◽  
Sulphur Compounds ◽  
The World ◽  
Potassium Magnesium

In our days about 2 million tons of garlic are grown in the world. Garlic was used as medicine already in ancient Egypt. It contains approx 33 sulfur compounds, several enzymes, 17 amino acids and minerals. We determined the content of diallyl sulfone, boron, calcium, copper, iron, potassium, magnesium, natrium, phosphorus and zinc in fi ve garlic varieties (3 French, 2 Hungarian). We searched if there were signiffi cant differences between the varieties.

River Turtle Exploitation: Past and Present

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Moll ◽  
Edward O. Moll
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Central American ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
South American ◽  
American River ◽  
The World ◽  
Nesting Sites ◽  
Old World Tropics ◽  
River Turtles

Turtles and their eggs have long served as an important source of food for humans—almost certainly since very early in the evolution of the hominid lineage, and surely for at least the last 20,000 years (Nicholls, 1977). Evidence in the form of shells and skeletal material (some showing burn marks as evidence of cooking) in the middens of Paleolithic aboriginal cultures, and from eyewitness accounts of explorer-naturalists in more recent times is available from numerous locations around the world (e.g., Bates, 1863; St. Cricq, 1874; Goode, 1967; Rhodin, 1992, 1995; Pritchard, 1994; Lee, 1996; Stiner et al., 1999). Skeletal evidence of river turtles, in particular from such locations as Mohenjodaro and Harappa in the Indus Valley (e.g., Indian narrow-headed softshells and river terrapins), Mayapan, and many other Mesoamerican Mayan sites (e.g., Central American river turtles), and Naga ed-Der of Upper Ancient Egypt (e.g., Nile softshell) suggest that river turtles have helped to support the rise of the world's great civilizations as well (de Treville, 1975; Nath, 1959 in Groombridge & Wright, 1982; Das, 1991; Lee, 1996). Their role continues and, in fact, has expanded as human populations have burgeoned and spread throughout the modern world. River turtles have always been too convenient and succulent a source of protein to ignore. Often large, fecund, and easily collected with simple techniques and equipment, especially in communal nesters which may concentrate at nesting sites in helpless thousands (at least formerly), river turtles are ideal prey. Much of the harvesting has been, and continues to be, conducted in relative obscurity in many parts of the world. Occasionally, however, the sheer magnitude of the resource and its slaughter has attracted the attention of literate observers, such as the early explorer-naturalists of the New and Old World tropics. Their accounts have given us some idea of the former truly spectacular abundance of some riverine species, and the equally spectacular levels of consistent exploitation which have brought them to their modern, much-diminished condition. Summaries of the exploitation of the two best documented examples of destruction of formerly abundant riverine species, the Asian river terrapin, and the giant South American river turtle, are provided under their appropriate geographic sections below.

Imperial Architecture

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Symbolic Forms ◽  
The World ◽  
Present Context ◽  
Preceding Discussion ◽  
Imperial Ideology ◽  
Circus Maximus ◽  
The City

From ancient Egypt to the present day, the colossal size of buildings has been considered to reflect political power. For Herodotus, architecture was an expression of dominion; the Periclean monuments of Athens seemed visibly to encourage the Athenians to reclaim their Aegeanwide political ascendancy, since, as Isocrates remarked, ‘democracy had so adorned the city with temples and sacred images that even today visitors think it is worthy to rule not only the Greeks, but also all other peoples’. The Circus Maximus, rebuilt by Trajan, was ‘a seat worthy of the nation that conquered the world’. The correspondence between Trajan and the younger Pliny, his appointed legate in Bithynia, reveals the ideological purpose of provincial architecture. Pliny pointed out such meanings, although Trajan himself modestly affected to address only practicalities. For instance, Pliny remarks that a proposed canal near Nicomedia was ‘worthy of your greatness and your concern’. Architecture was as important in constructing imperial ideology as an emperor’s portraits or the legends and images on his coins; it legitimated his regime by promoting a particular ideal that commanded respect. It is generally agreed that buildings continued to play this role under Hadrian. The preceding discussion of Antonine buildings in the province of Asia now provides grounds to modify the view that, during the middle of the century, festivals or shows replaced public buildings as the major indicator of imperial ideology. One should, of course, be wary of using modern labels like ‘message’, ‘persuasion’, ‘propaganda’, or ‘ideology’ to describe the purpose of ancient forms. But in the present context the term ‘ideology’ seems particularly appropriate. As J. B. Thompson defines the concept, it highlights: . . . the ways in which meaning is mobilized in the service of individuals and groups, that is, the ways in which the meaning constructed and conveyed by symbolic forms serves, in particular circumstances, to establish and sustain structured social relations from which some individuals and groups benefit more than others, and which some individuals and groups have an interest in preserving while others may seek to contest. . . .

6. Identity

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-96
Author(s):  
Ian Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of

‘Identity’ addresses the iconography of Egypt's early ethnic identity, considering the significance of the Narmer Palette with regard to the early pharaonic Egyptians' definition of their own national identity. How did the ancient Egyptians view themselves? The chapter looks at how they portrayed themselves in painting and sculpture and analyses their depictions of ‘foreigners’. As in many other cultures, the Egyptians seem to have gained a sense of their own identity primarily by contrasting themselves with the peoples of the world outside their borders. Gender and sexuality played a massive role in Egyptian identity, as did the evidence for same-sex relations in ancient Egypt.

scholarly journals Discovery of Geranylgeranyl Pyrophosphate Synthase (GGPPS) Paralogs from Haematococcus pluvialis Based on Iso-Seq Analysis and Their Function on Astaxanthin Biosynthesis

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 696
Author(s):  
Danqiong Huang ◽  
Wenfu Liu ◽  
Anguo Li ◽  
Chaogang Wang ◽  
Zhangli Hu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Pantoea Ananatis ◽  
Geranylgeranyl Pyrophosphate ◽  
Geranylgeranyl Pyrophosphate Synthase ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
The World

Haematococcus pluvialis is widely distributed in the world and well known as the richest natural source of astaxanthin that is a strong antioxidant with excellent commercial value. The pathway of astaxanthin biosynthesis in H. pluvialis has been documented as an enzymatic reaction. Several enzymes have been reported, but their isoforms or homologs have not been investigated genome-wide. To better understand the astaxanthin biosynthesis pathway in H. pluvialis, eight candidates of the geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase gene (HpGGPPS) predicted from Iso-seq data were isolated in this study. The length of coding region of these candidates varied from 960 bp to 1272 bp, composing of 7–9 exons. The putative amino acids of all candidates composed the signature domain of GGPPS gene. However, the motifs in the domain region are varied, indicating different bio-functions. Phylogenetic analysis revealed eight candidates can be clustered into three groups. Only two candidates in Group1 encode the synthase participating in the astaxanthin formation. The yield of astaxanthin from these two candidates, 7.1 mg/g (DW) and 6.5 mg/g (DW) respectively, is significant higher than that from CrtE (2.4 mg/g DW), a GGPPS gene from Pantoea ananatis. This study provides a potential productive pathway for astaxanthin synthesis.

scholarly journals Nutritional and chemical evaluation of dried pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peels and studying the impact of level of inclusion in ration formulation on productive performance of growing Ossimi lambs

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed A. A. Omer ◽  
Soha S. Abdel-Magid ◽  
Ibrahim M. Awadalla
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Pomegranate Peel ◽  
Economical Efficiency ◽  
Chemical Evaluation ◽  
Yellow Corn ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background By 2050, the world will need to feed an additional 2 billion people and require 70% more meat and milk. The increasing future demand for livestock products, driven by increases in income, population, and urbanization will impose a huge demand on feed resources. A huge quantity of fruit and vegetable wastes and by-products from the fruit and vegetable processing industry are available throughout the world that encourages to using it as a new source feeds in animal ration formulation. Methods Twenty-eight male growing Ossimi lambs used to study the impact of inclusion dried pomegranate peels (DPP) on productive performance and economic efficiency. In nutritional and chemical evaluation conducted, amino acids, minerals, vitamins, polyphenolic, and fatty acid compositions were determined. Experimental lambs were allocated to one of four complete feed mixture (CFM) containing 0, 0.50, 1.00, and 2.00% DPP for (CFM1, CFM2, CFM3, and CFM4), respectively throughout the feeding period that continuous for 119 days. Twenty-eight lambs with aged 5–6 months with initial weight of 22.875 ± 0.38 kg were divided into four equal groups, each of 7 lambs and fed one of the four iso-nitrogenous that contains 17.1% CP and iso-energetic that contained 2.76% of ether extract (EE) and gross energy (GE) ranged from 4212 to 4214 kcal/kg DM. Results Dried pomegranate peel superior in their contents of crude fiber (CF), ether extract (EE), ash, and lignin in comparison with yellow corn. Meanwhile, yellow corn was superior in CP, nitrogen-free extract (NFE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose, cellulose, and GE contents in comparison with dried pomegranate peel. Total essential amino acid value was recorded at 51.30 g/100 g CP; meanwhile, value of non-essential amino acids was recorded at 48.37 g/100 g CP. The DPP contained 342, 120, 150, 68, and 56 mg/100 g of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sodium (Na), and magnesium (Mg), respectively. Meanwhile, it contains 1.08, 0.86, 0.65, 6.11, and 1.07 mg/100 g of zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), cobber (Cu), iron (Fe), and selenium (Se), respectively. Moreover, vitamins were determined by 0.141, 0.09, 13.26, 4.13, and 0.181 mg/100 g for vit. B1; vit. B2; vit. C; vit. E; and vit. A, respectively. Dried pomegranate peel contains high percentages of unsaturated fatty acids that evaluated by 76.96%, while saturated fatty acids (SFA) recorded 23.04%. DPP contained 1.4404% of total polyphenols. Final weight, total body weight gain, and average daily gain were improved. Dry matter intake was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased when expressed as g/h/d and g/kgW0.75, while feed conversion insignificantly (P > 0.05) improved. Dietary treatment improved relative economical efficiency by 117.1, 130.3, and 109% compared with control one with considered control ration equals 100%. Feed cost (LE/kg gain) was decreased. Conclusion From this study, it could be mentioned that dried pomegranate peels can be used safely in animal feeding at level of 1% because this level realized the best growth performance and depressed the price of ration cost and recorded the best relative economical efficiency.

scholarly journals A procedure for the quantitative analysis of the sulphur amino acids of rat tissues

1967 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 959-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Gaitonde ◽  
G. E. Gaull
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Sulphur Compounds ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Quantitative Separation ◽  
Exchange Resins ◽  
Sulphur Amino Acids ◽  
Dowex 1

1. A method is described for the quantitative separation of the sulphur compounds in a single sample of tissue by passing an extract through a serial assembly of ion-exchange resins in the order: Dowex 2 (Cl(-) form), Dowex 1 (CO(3) (2-) form), Amberlite CG-50 (H(+) form) and Zeo-Karb 225 (H(+) form). 2. Groups of sulphur amino acids were eluted separately from each column; the recovery of sulphur compounds after their labelling with (35)S in vivo by injection of l-[(35)S]-methionine was 91-106%. Individual sulphur compounds were further resolved by one-dimensional or two-dimensional paper chromatography. 3. Evidence is presented on the occurrence of S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine in rat liver and brain. Rat liver and brain contained 83.6 and 31.4mmu-moles/g. respectively of S-adenosylmethionine.

The excystation of Entamoeba histolytica without bacteria in microcultures

Parasitology ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 40 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 338-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles W. Rees ◽  
Lucy V. Reardon ◽  
Ida Louise Bartgis
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Plasmodium Knowlesi ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Potassium Magnesium

1. Formulae developed by Anfinsen et al. (1946) for a medium used in the cultivation of Plasmodium knowlesi were used for media in which excystation of Entamoeba histolytica without bacteria was investigated.2. The following media were used: (i) an inorganic fluid containing carbon dioxide and chlorides, phosphates, and bicarbonates, of sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium; (ii) an inorganic fluid of chlorides and phosphates of the above metals without bicarbonates; (iii) the same respective fluids plus glucose, and (iv) the same plus enrichments with B vitamins, cocarboxylase, vitamin C, purines, pyrimidines, folic acid, glucosamine, cholesterol, and amino-acids. The oxygen content of all media was lowered either by cysteine or glutathione.3. Some excystation occurred in all media, the percentages were lowest in the inorganic fluid without bicarbonates, highest in fluid with bicarbonates plus all of the listed organic compounds, and intermediate in the inorganic bicarbonate fluid plus glucose. Amino-acids were not required for good percentages of excystation.4. Excystation occurred when cysts were isolated in medium with Trypanosoma cruzi.5. The data show that organic compounds in the medium are necessary for high percentages of excystation.

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