Gluten-Free Pasta Enriched with Fish By-Product for Special Dietary Uses: Technological Quality and Sensory Properties

Gluten-free pasta enriched with fish can support a nutritive and suitable option for people with celiac disease that allows achieving the benefits of fish consumption, especially the consumption of Ω-3 fatty acids; however, this requires that the pasta has adequate technological and sensory properties. For this purpose, four optimal formulations, obtained with an iterative process, were analyzed to determine the effect of the different ingredients (yellow corn flour, white corn flour, and rice flour) in gluten-free pasta compared to commercial wheat pasta. An evaluation of the color, texture, and technological properties were conducted, and the pasta was sensorially characterized. The enriched gluten-free pasta required shorter cooking times (≈3 min) and was characterized by lower hardness, springiness, gumminess, chewiness, and fracturability, and had higher values of adhesiveness than wheat pasta. In addition, the incorporation of yellow corn gives gluten-free pasta a similarity in color to commercial pasta, with a value of ∆E between 5.5 and 8.0. Regarding the sensory analysis, gluten-free pasta was characterized by slight fishy aromas and flavors with some aftertaste compared to commercial pasta. Finally, the use of different cereals to obtain gluten-free pasta could be a good and feasible alternative despite the technological and sensory modifications observed.

Production of Dianthus Caryophyllus L. Cultivar (Haytor White) as Cut Flowers Using Day- Extension Treatment and Mulching

The experiment was carried out in the greenhouse of the Agricultural Research and Experiment Station - Kirkuk University - College of Agriculture for the agricultural season 2020-2021. The experiment was started on 20-11-2020. Carnations were taken from the mothers before the start of the experiment and planted in culture dishes to complete the rooting process. Carnations were planted on terraces with a length of (20 m) and width (75 cm), and the distance between one line and another (30 cm) and between one plant another (30 cm) as well. Artificial lighting (white LED light factor, 40 watts) was used for four hours in addition to the natural light which started half hour before sunset. The intensity of lighting was measured by a light meter (Lux 6612). As for the mulching factor, the industrial mulching was used with white polyethylene and the natural mulching with shredded yellow corn residue with a thickness of 2.5 cm, in addition to the control treatment. The experiment was carried out in a split-plot system in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and the treatment of illumination was placed in the main plots, while mulching was placed in the secondary plots, and the results were tested according to Duncan’s multiple range test at a probability level of 5%. The following characteristics were studied: plant height (cm), plant total chlorophyll content (CCI), number of days required for flowering (day), number of flower/m2, and flower stem length (cm). The results showed the superiority of lighting and mulching treatment in all vegetative and flowering traits under study.

Fermentation time difference of nixtamalized horse dent corn (Zea mays var. indenata) by Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium brevis as source of natural folic acid

Bifidobacterium sp. as microbes has potential role in fermentation of nixtamalized horse dent corn (Zea mays var. indentata) to degrade complex components into folic acid-rich corn biomass. Fermentation process on both nixtamalized yellow corn and white corn by Bifidobacterium brevis and Bifidobacterium bifidum as substrat of A, B, C and D were conducted at concentration of corn folic acid inoculum 40% (w/w) and 37 °C for 0, 8, 16, and 24 hours, respectively. Based on dissolved protein yielded, the experiment result showed that the best result of optimization in fermentation of both nixtamalized yellow corn (biomass B) and white corn (biomass D) was achieved by using inoculum of B. bifidum for 16 hours with composition of folic acid of 213.58 and 297.72 μg/mL, total solids of 21.14 and 21.07%, dissolved protein of 0.42 and 0.39 mg/mL, reducing sugars of 34.2 and 37.8 mg/mL, total sugars of 104.7 and 98.6 mg/mL, total acids of 0.37 and 0.44%, N-amino of 0.28 and 0.26 mg/g, and pH 4.82 and 4.49, respectively. In this condition, biomass of B. and biomass of D indicated domination of folic acid monomer with molecular weight (MW) 442.29 and 442.59 Dalton (Da.) at relative intensity 100%, particles size of 1115.1 nm and 1075.7 nm, and particle index of 0.827 and 0.849, respectively. Meanwhile, volatile compounds were dominated by 2,3-butanediol of 4.46 and 10.65%, palmitic acid of 7.63 and 8.26%, octadecenoic acid of 6.31 and 9.5%, lactic acid of 2.37% and 0.53%, respectively.

Effect of Partial and Total Replacement of Raw and Germinated Red Sorghum Instead of Yellow Corn in The Diets on Growth Performance of Broilers

This experiment was conducted at the poultry farm of Animal Production Department - College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad, for the period from 11/22/2020 to 2/1/2021, to demonstrate the effect of partial and complete replacement of raw and germinated red sorghum instead of yellow corn in the diets on productive performance of broilers. A total of 225 one day old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were naturalized in the farm and randomly distributed to five treatments, each treatment divided to 3 replicates and each replicate content 15 chicks (10 males and 5 females). The initial weight of the chicks was from (42 to 44 g). Chicks were fed on the starter diet from 1 _ 10 day of age and grower diet from 11 _ 24 days of age and finisher diet from 25 _ 42 days of age. The raw and germinated red sorghum was partial and total replaced with yellow corn by (24 and 48%) respectively. The data of growth performance were taken at the end of each period. The birds were fed on the one of the following diets: T1: control treatment (content 48% yellow corn); T2: (48% raw red sorghum + 0.0% yellow corn); T3: (48% germinated red sorghum + 0.0% yellow corn); T4: (24% raw red sorghum + 24% yellow corn); and T5: (24% germinated red sorghum + 24% yellow corn). The growth performance data represented by body weight, weight gain rate, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were taken. The results were showed no significant differences between all transactions in growth performance during the first age period (0-10 days). In the second period (11-24 days), a significant superiority of the T1 and T2 treatments as compared with T3 and T4 treatments for the body weight and weight gain..For the last period (25 - 42 days), no significant differences were observed between all treatments.

Potensi Kerabang Telur dalam Pakan Ayam Ras Telur Telur

The aim of this research is to know potention of the egg shells mill in ration toweard eggs production and Quality of the layer chiken. This research was conducted in August 2020 at Apitaik West Lombok, laboratory of Animal nutrition Animal Husbandri Mataram Univercity and laboratory of BPTP East Nusa Tenggara. 75 of layer chiken devide into 5 treatment was PI (0% egg shells +50% yellow corn +16% rise bren and 36% KLKS consentrat), P1I (5% eggs shells +50% yellow corn +16% rise bren and 36% KLKS consentrat), P1II (7% eggs shells +50% yellow corn, 36% KLKS consentrat) +16% rise bren), 5 replicetes and each replicates use 5 layer chiken and all of treatment give iso protein and iso energy ration. The parameter in this reaserch was eggs production, feed comsumtion, feed convertion, eggs weight and eggs quality. The result of this research were analysis by varians analysis above completely randomized design (CRD). The result showed that eggs producktion, eggs weight, feed cosumtion and feed convertion non significant effect (P>0.05), but was significant effect (P<0.05) on weight and thick of eggs shell It was concluded that giving egg shells to a level of 7.5% in the feed had enough potential to increase egg production and quality of laying hens with relatively good feed efficiency.

Low Acrylamide Flatbreads from Colored Corn and Other Flours

Dietary acrylamide formed during baking and frying of plant-based foods such as bread and other cereal products, coffee, fried potatoes, and olives is reported to induce genotoxic, carcinogenic, neurotoxic, and antifertility properties in vivo, suggesting the need to keep the acrylamide content low with respect to widely consumed heat-processed food including flatbreads. Due to the fact that pigmented corn flours contain biologically active and health-promoting phenolic and anthocyanin compounds, the objective of this study was to potentially define beneficial properties of flatbread by evaluating the acrylamide content determined by high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) with a detection limit of 1.8 µg/kg and proximate composition by standard methods of six experimental flatbreads made from two white, two blue, one red, and one yellow corn flours obtained by milling commercial seeds. Acrylamide content was also determined in experimental flatbreads made from combinations in quinoa flour, wheat flour, and peanut meal with added broccoli or beet vegetables and of commercial flatbreads including tortillas and wraps. Proximate analysis of flatbreads showed significant differences in protein and fat but not in carbohydrate, mineral, and water content. The acrylamide content of 16 evaluated flatbreads ranged from 0 to 49.1 µg/kg, suggesting that these flatbreads have the potential to serve as low-acrylamide functional foods. The dietary significance of the results is discussed.

The price elasticity of the demand and revenue increase for some Mexican planting seeds

The study of the price elasticity of demand (PED) has been and is a current research topic, as it greatly helps the managers of companies to make decisions about the price of their products and the expected repercussions in changing them. The objective of this study was to estimate PED and its impacts on the variation of income (VI) of six planting seed crops from Mexico, such as yellow corn, other corn (except yellow and sweet corn), sorghum, chickpea, pumpkin and cucumber. The data were gathering from the Foreign Agriculture Service (FAS) (1998-2018 period) through the tables provided and published on the Internet (secondary data). In this study, the arc method was applied to calculate PED and VI = ((Pf * Qf * 100) / (Pi * Qi)) - 100. Five of six the planting seed products have a relatively elastic demand price in most of the years, on the contrary the revenue increase had positive and negative values, without a defined trend. Sorghum planting seed has in some cases elastic demand and in other inelastic demand. It is concluded that there are no clear effects of the PED on the sales revenue of the aforementioned products; an aspect that contradicts the theory of PED and its impact on income.

EFFECT OF MIXED SUPPLEMENTATION OF AMINO ACIDS LYSIN, METHIONINE, AND TRYPTOPHAN IN LOW QUALITY RATION ON PERFORMANCE OF BALI PIGS

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of lysine, methionine and tryptophan amino acid supple- mentation on low-quality rations on the performance of bali pigs. The material used was 12 bali pigs with an initial weight of 11.41 ± 0.91 kg. The design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 4 replications. Treatment P0 (50% yellow corn + 49% pollard + 0.5% mineral 10 + 0.5% NaCl), P1 (Ration P0 supp- lemented with 0.75% lysine, 0.20% methionine and 0.07% tryptophan of the total rations), P2 (ration 40% yellow corn + 43% pollard + 16% concentrate CP152 + 0.5% mineral 10 + 0.5% NaCl). The variables observed were body weight, weight gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio. The results showed that the supplementation of amino acids lysine, methionine and tryptophan on the performance of bali pigs showed a significantly different effect (P<0.05) on the variables of body weight, weight gain, ration consumption and feed conversion ratio. It can be concluded that the basal ration supplemented with essential amino acids 0.75% lysine, 0.20% methionine and 0.07% tryptophan in bali pork rations can increase body weight, gain weight, consume rations, and feed conversion ratio.