scholarly journals How to produce large sized microtubers of potato cv. Desiree

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Magyar-Tábori ◽  
J. Dobránszky
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
In Vitro Tuberization ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Microtuber Production ◽  
High Sucrose ◽  
Very High

In vitro tuberization was induced on explants with different number of nodes layered on a medium with high sucrose (8%) content: 30, 15, 10, 7 and 6 explants per jar were cultured containing 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 nodes, respectively. Microtubers developed were graded by their smallest diameter, and the number of tubers per jar, their size distribution, their fresh weight and the multiplication rate were recorded. The highest multiplication rate (1.98) was obtained for explants with 5 nodes. The size distribution of tubers was markedly affected by treatments. The majority of microtubers (49.4%) were 6-8 mm in the case of the smallest explants (with I node). When explants with 2 to 5 nodes were used, the most microtubers were 8-10 mm but with an increase of explant size, more and more microtubers were produced with larger diameter up to 16 mm and average fresh weight of tubers also increased with the increase of explant size. For the microtuber production of Desiree the use of explants with two nodes can be suggested because in this treatment the average fresh weight of microtubers was high enough (250 mg) and the number of large sized microtubers was very high (79% was larger than 6 mm and 53% was larger than 8 mm).

scholarly journals Elicitation of Phenylpropanoids in Maqui (Aristotelia chilensis [Mol.] Stuntz) Plants Micropropagated in Photomixotrophic Temporary Immersion Bioreactors (TIBs).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia E Trentini ◽  
Makarena Rojas ◽  
Daniela Gajardo ◽  
Débora Alburquenque ◽  
Evelyn Villagra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Temporary Immersion ◽  
Air Treatment ◽  
The Third ◽  
Aristotelia Chilensis

Abstract A biotechnological system for the production of plants biomass and phenylpropanoids of maqui was developed in photomixotrophic TIBs. The in vitro maqui multiplication was evaluated using combinations of TDZ and BAP in TIBs 1L capacity. Treatment of MS basal supplemented with TDZ 1 mg/l shows the best results for the variables fresh weight and multiplication rate. Photomixotrophic conditions were standardized in media with 3%, 2%, 1%, 0% sucrose at a light intensity of 100 µM m− 2s− 1. The treatments reduced in sucrose (1% and 2%) and air supplemented with 0.4 MPa CO2 do not differ significantly in biomass production (fresh weight per cluster of plants) compared to the control treatment with sucrose 3% and standard air. Treatment with ABA (1m/l) induced the production and accumulation of phenylpropanoids metabolites in maqui cultures bioreactors. Phenylpropanoids in in vitro biomass of maqui and culture medium from TIBs were determined in parallel with control samples from wild plants and mature fruits. After the third day of analysis, not significant differences in polyphenols and anthocyanin contents were verified between the treatments of maqui in TIBs + ABA and controls. The non-significant differences in the contents of polyphenols and anthocyanin were maintained until the 15 days of analysis. The antioxidant capacity comparing samples of maqui in bioreactors and wild plants showed no significant differences by the ORAC test from day 5 to day 15 of the study.

scholarly journals The Role of Sucrose Alone and Combined with Different Cytokinin-like Compounds on in Vitro Tuberization of Potato

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 588b-588
Author(s):  
Servet Kefi ◽  
Paul E. Read ◽  
Alexander D. Pavlista ◽  
Stephen D. Kachman
Keyword(s):  
Starch Synthesis ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
In Vitro Tuberization ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
Sucrose Level ◽  
Total Fresh Weight

The role of sucrose alone and in combination with different cytokinin-like compounds on the microtuberization of potato, Solanum tuberosum `Atlantic', was investigated. Single nodal segments were placed in Magenta boxes containing Murashige & Skoog medium supplemented with one of 15 treatments in a 3 × 5 factorial. Treatment factors were sucrose at 3%, 6%, or 9%, and cytokinin-like compounds at five levels [cytokinin-free; 2 mg kinetin/L; 0.1 mg thidiazuron (TDZ)/L; 1.0 mg AC 243,654/L; 0.1 mg AC 239,604/L]. Except in a few cases in kinetin and TDZ treatments, nearly all cytokinin treatments failed to induce tuberization at the 3% sucrose, noninductive level. However, all cytokinin treatments induced tuberization in the presence of 6% sucrose. By raising the sucrose level from 6% to 9%, more and larger microtubers were obtained in the cytokinin-free medium. At the 9% sucrose level, even though more tubers per box were produced by TDZ and AC 243,654 treatments, less total fresh weight of tubers per box resulted from kinetin, TDZ and AC 243,654 treatments because tubers formed were smaller. Higher sucrose concentrations (9%) favored tuberization in the cytokinin-free medium, whereas 6% sucrose was optimum for the medium containing cytokinins. Sucrose might produce a strong tuberization signal that might either change endogenous hormone levels affecting tuberization or activate a number of genes coding tuber proteins and enzymes related to starch synthesis.

scholarly journals SUSTAINABLE MICROPROPAGATION OF SELECTED Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni GENOTYPES

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Begum Kaplan ◽  
Selda Duraklioglu ◽  
Kenan Turgut
Keyword(s):  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Adaptation Studies ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
Asteraceae Family ◽  
Very High

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a perennial plant belonging to Asteraceae family and its leaves contain steviol glycosides (SGs) that are 150 to 300 times sweeter than sucrose. The sweeteners obtained from S. rebaudiana can be safely used by diabetics as insulin secretion is not required during digestion of this sweetener. As it has zero calories, it is also used in diet products. Adaptation studies for Stevia conducted in Antalya, Turkey have shown that the stevia plant could easily be cultivated as a perennial. However, the lack of a sustainable vegetative propagation method creates a significant problem for stevia production. In the generatively populations, homogeneity and therefore quality are decreased because of cross-pollination. Stevia, as a self-incompatible and cross-pollinated species, has been shown to have very high genetic diversity. Therefore, development of a sustainable in vitro propagation method to prevent genetic heterogeneity of selected varieties is crucial for stevia cultivation. The aim of this study was to evaluate 2 different gelling agents (plant agar and Gelrite) and 20 different growth regulators combinations. The results demonstrated an approximately 200-fold multiplication rate obtained within 13 weeks using MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg·dm–3 BAP and 0.25 mg·dm–3 kinetin and solidified with Gelrite. Average stevioside and rebaudioside A contents in in vitro propagated plant samples were found to be 8.1% and 8.6%, respectively.

scholarly journals Micropropagation of phytoplasma-affected Limonium sinuatum Mill. plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Gabryszewska ◽  
Maria Kamińska ◽  
Małgorzata Korbin ◽  
Anna Rudzińska-Langwald
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
The Media

Healthy and AY-affected plants of <em>L.sinuatum</em> have been propagated in vitro for 12 months on the media with and without cytokinins. In the contrary to the healthy plants the phytoplasma affected statice showed abnormal proliferation of the axillary shoots, shortening of the internodes, smaller leaves and severe chlorosis. On the medium without cytokinins, diseased plants proliferated and formed 7.0 axillary shoots per explant but the healthy ones only formed 2.3 shoots; however, the fresh weight of them was similar. On the media with cytokinins, the multiplication rate and fresh weight of healthy shoots greatly in-creased, but of the diseased plants were on the same laevel or decreased. During tissue culture phytoplasma could be detected in symptomatic plants by PCR as well as electron microscope however, the phytoplasmas showed the symptoms of degeneration.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON DAHLIA PROPAGATION IN TISSUE CULTURE AND ACCLIMATIZATION OF PLANTS IN ex vitro CONDITIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 49-61
Author(s):  
Barbara Marcinek ◽  
Marzena Parzymies ◽  
Monika Poniewozik ◽  
Danuta Kozak ◽  
Wojciech Durlak
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Flower Stalk ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
First Order ◽  
Isopentenyl Adenine ◽  
Consequent Effect

The aim of work was to evaluate the influence of cytokinins on dahlia propagated in vitro and their consequent effect on acclimatization. Plant material were shoot tips and nodes. From three cytokinins, benzyladenine, kinetin and 2-isopentenyl-adenine, only BA effectively stimulated shoot multiplication from axiliary buds. The highest multiplication rate was obtained from nodes in presence of 0.25–0.5 mg·dm–3 BA. Higher concentrations shortened internodes and decreased leaf blades and growth of callus. 1 mg·dm–3 of KIN and 2iP positively influenced shoots growth and size of leaves. Gibberellic acid (GA3) used with BA increased the number of axillary shoots. The best quality shoots and the highest multiplication rate were obtained when 2 mg·dm–3 BA was used with 5 mg·dm–3 GA3. Cytokinins affected rooting and acclimatization ex vitro. Dahlias shoots multiplicated in presence of 1 mg·dm–3 KIN or 2iP rooted faster in the soil and 100% survived in field, while those from 1 mg·dm–3 BA media rooted slowly, had shorter shoots and only 60% survived. Plants bloomed after 11–12 weeks in the field. Dahlia plants that had been multiplicated in presence of KIN had a bigger diameter and fresh weight in the field. BA and 2iP positively influenced flowers diameter, length of flower stalk and a number of first order shoots.

scholarly journals Polianthes Tuberosa as Edible Flower: In Vitro Propagation and Nutritional Properties

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Andrea Copetta ◽  
◽  
Ilaria Marchioni ◽  
Carlo Mascarello ◽  
Laura Pistelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Food ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Dpph Assay ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
Flower Scent ◽  
Poor Seed ◽  
Very High

Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa) is a bulbous species belonging to Asparagaceae family, characterized by a very high ornamental value, pleasant flower scent and taste. For all these reasons, flowers are currently used to produce perfumes or valorized as actual ingredient of different recipes, since they are completely edible. P. tuberosa is one out of 40 species studied in INTERREG ALCOTRA “ANTEA” project, which aim is to extend the use of edible flowers as functional food and enlarge the number of the species used for the supply chain of the edible flowers. Fresh flowers were analyzed in order to characterize them from the nutrition point of view. They show good polyphenols content and antioxidant activity (DPPH assay), while flavonoids, anthocyanins and carotenoids amounts are low. On the other hand, P. tuberosa flowers can be a real source of vitamin C, because of the high quantities of this molecule in the petals. Soluble sugars are present in small amount. High quantities of P. tuberosa flowers are difficult to obtain due to low bulb multiplication rate and poor seed germination. For these reasons, in vitro culture was performed to facilitate plant propagation. Bulbs were surface-sterilized for 30’’ in ethanol 70 % and then for 20’ in NaClO 2.5 % solution, while seeds were surface-sterilized for 20’in NaClO 1 % solution. Both were rinsed twice with autoclaved distilled water for 10 minutes after sterilization. The bulbs were cultured in jars containing MS agarized substrate enriched with 3% sucrose, 1.5 mg/L BA, 0.5 mg/L IAA and 0.7% agar (pH 5.8). Seeds were germinated in Petri dishes with agar-water substrate and then 14 different clones were selected and cultured in jars. The multiplication rate of the clones was very variable but some of them reached a good multiplication rate.

Formation and Structure of Casein Micelles in Lactating Mammary Tissue

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 150-151
Author(s):  
Robert J. Carroll ◽  
Marvin P. Thompson ◽  
Harold M. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Colloidal System ◽  
Casein Micelles ◽  
The Stability

Milk is an unusually stable colloidal system; the stability of this system is due primarily to the formation of micelles by the major milk proteins, the caseins. Numerous models for the structure of casein micelles have been proposed; these models have been formulated on the basis of in vitro studies. Synthetic casein micelles (i.e., those formed by mixing the purified αsl- and k-caseins with Ca2+ in appropriate ratios) are dissimilar to those from freshly-drawn milks in (i) size distribution, (ii) ratio of Ca/P, and (iii) solvation (g. water/g. protein). Evidently, in vivo organization of the caseins into the micellar form occurs in-a manner which is not identical to the in vitro mode of formation.

Daunorubicin and Platelet Function

1981 ◽  
Vol 45 (01) ◽  
pp. 038-042 ◽  
Author(s):  
M E Pogliani ◽  
R Fantasia ◽  
G Lambertenghi-Deliliers ◽  
E Cofrancesco
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Cellular Membrane ◽  
Hemorrhagic Diathesis ◽  
Clot Retraction ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Very High ◽  
Platelet Functions

SummaryThe influence of Daunorubicin on some platelet functions in vitro was investigated, using different concentrations of the drug (0.01-0.02-0.04 μg/ml). Daunorubicin was shown to inhibit Collagen and Thrombin induced platelet aggregation and the intensity of inhibition depended on both drug concentration and the time of preincubation.Daunorubicin was also shown to inhibit the release reaction, the platelet prostaglandin pathway and the availability platelet factor 3; the drug at concentrations for clinical use does not damage the platelet membrane, as is the case with the freezing and thawing test, in platelet uptake of 14C-serotonin and as confirmed by the electron microscope. When very high doses (0.16 mg) of Daunorubicin are used, lysis of the platelets can be observed and this is confirmed under the electron microscope by the presence of empty platelets with fractures at the level of the cytoplasmic membrane.Finally, Daunorubicin causes irreversible inhibition of reptilase clot-retraction, even if this is less severe than with Vincristine. Working with gel-filtered platelets, it would appear that the inhibition exercised by the drug on platelet reactions is not caused through modifications in Ca++ metabolism.The authors suggest that Daunorubicin, at the dosages used clinically, induces in vitro thrombocytopathy without damaging the cellular membrane as confirmed by the electron microscope.This impairment of platelet functions could play a part in hemorrhagic diathesis observed during Daunorubicin therapy.

Effects of Heparin Oligosaccharides with High Affinity for Antithrombin III in Experimental Venous Thrombosis

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (03) ◽  
pp. 244-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
D P Thomas ◽  
Rosemary E Merton ◽  
T W Barrowcliffe ◽  
L Thunberg ◽  
U Lindahl
Keyword(s):  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
High Specific Activity ◽  
Factor Xa ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Very High

SummaryThe in vitro and in vivo characteristics of two oligosaccharide heparin fragments have been compared to those of unfractionated mucosal heparin. A decasaccharide fragment had essentially no activity by APTT or calcium thrombin time assays in vitro, but possessed very high specific activity by anti-Factor Xa assays. When injected into rabbits at doses of up to 80 ¼g/kg, this fragment was relatively ineffective in impairing stasis thrombosis despite producing high blood levels by anti-Xa assays. A 16-18 monosaccharide fragment had even higher specific activity (almost 2000 iu/mg) by chromogenic substrate anti-Xa assay, with minimal activity by APTT. When injected in vivo, this fragment gave low blood levels by APTT, very high anti-Xa levels, and was more effective in preventing thrombosis than the decasaccharide fragment. However, in comparison with unfractionated heparin, the 16-18 monosaccharide fragment was only partially effective in preventing thrombosis, despite producing much higher blood levels by anti-Xa assays.It is concluded that the high-affinity binding of a heparin fragment to antithrombin III does not by itself impair venous thrombogenesis, and that the anti-Factor Xa activity of heparin is only a partial expression of its therapeutic potential.

Controlled Release of Metformin Hydrochloride I. In vitro Release from Physical Mixture Containing Xanthan Gum as Hydrophilic Rate Retarding Polymer

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mashkura Ashrafi ◽  
Jakir Ahmed Chowdhury ◽  
Md Selim Reza
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Metformin Hydrochloride ◽  
Model Drug ◽  
Very High

Capsules of different formulations were prepared by using a hydrophilic polymer, xanthan gum and a filler Ludipress. Metformin hydrochloride, which is an anti-diabetic agent, was used as a model drug here with the aim to formulate sustained release capsules. In the first 6 formulations, metformin hydrochloride and xanthan gum were used in different ratio. Later, Ludipress was added to the formulations in a percentage of 8% to 41%. The total procedure was carried out by physical mixing of the ingredients and filling in capsule shells of size ‘1’. As metformin hydrochloride is a highly water soluble drug, the dissolution test was done in 250 ml distilled water in a thermal shaker (Memmert) with a shaking speed of 50 rpm at 370C &plusmn 0.50C for 6 hours. After the dissolution, the data were treated with different kinetic models. The results found from the graphs and data show that the formulations follow the Higuchian release pattern as they showed correlation coefficients greater than 0.99 and the sustaining effect of the formulations was very high when the xanthan gum was used in a very high ratio with the drug. It was also investigated that the Ludipress extended the sustaining effect of the formulation to some extent. But after a certain period, Ludipress did not show any significant effect as the pores made by the xanthan gum network were already blocked. It is found here that when the metformin hydrochloride and the xanthan gum ratio was 1:1, showed a high percentage of drug release, i.e. 91.80% of drug was released after 6 hours. But With a xanthan gum and metformin hydrochloride ratio of 6:1, a very slow release of the drug was obtained. Only 66.68% of the drug was released after 6 hours. The percent loading in this case was 14%. Again, when Ludipress was used in high ratio, it was found to retard the release rate more prominently. Key words: Metformin Hydrochloride, Xanthan Gum, Controlled release capsule Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.4(1) 2005 The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website

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