scholarly journals الكتابة اللسانية العربية من الرؤية الغربية إلى التأصيل الإسلامي للمنهج: قراءة وصفية في صور التلقي ونماذج الصياغة (The writing of Arabic linguistic from the western perspective until the attempt to establish the Islamic origin of its method)

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
نعمان عبد الحميد (Nu'man Abdel Hamid Buqirah)
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Arab World ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Development Method ◽  
Arabic Linguistics ◽  
Essential Question ◽  
Continuous Interaction ◽  
Western Perspective ◽  
Islamic View

ملخص البحث:تتنزل هذه الدراسة التي تصف أهم الدراسات العربية التي حاولت شرح النظرية اللسانية الغربية، وعرضها، والتعريف بأهم مبادئها واستثمارها في دراسة النحو العربي في سياق تمثل الآخر منهجيا ومعرفيا، قصد بلورة اللحظة الراهنة في الثقافة اللسانية العربية المعاصرة. والدراسة تستأنف أيضاً السؤال المحوري الذي تنزع إليه هذه الندوة وهو إلى  أي مدى يمكن أن نعيد طرح الأسئلة اللغوية الحاسمة التي ينهض عليها الفكر اللساني من زاوية إسلامية  تنطلق من تصور القرآن الكريم والسنة النبوية، ولعل هذا المسعى البحثي على إيجازه يحاول رصد حركة التغير المنهجي في صياغة المنظومة اللسانية التي واكبت تطور البحث في شؤون اللغة في المشرق العربي ومغربه مما يمكن من مدّ جسور أخرى للحوار مع الآخر قصد المشاركة الفعالة في بلورة إطار علمي يخدم قضايا التنمية اللغوية. الكلمات المفتاحية: النشأة- المنهج- المعرفة- المتوكل-الفهري. Abstract:This study focuses  to describe the most important Arabic linguistic studies that were based on western perspective with regard to their principles and applicability on the study of Arabic grammar in the context of “the representation of the other” in its method. The paper aims to explain the state of the art of the discipline in the field of Arabic linguistics. It deals with an essential question: to what extend can we still apply the Islamic view of language based on the holy Koran and the prophetic tradition on the current discipline? It is hoped that this study will provide the accounts for the development of the change of methodology in presenting the study of language in the Arab world that would enable a continuous interaction with other cultures to actively engage them in the context of discussing the issues related to language development.Keywords: Development- method- al-Mutawakkil- al-Fahri. Abstrak:Kajian ini membincangkan satu ilmu yang penting dalam bidang bahasa Arab iaitu teori linguistik barat dan prinsip-prinsipnya seterusnya melihat sejauh mana ia dapat diaplikasikan ke dalam kajian Nahu bahasa  Arab dari segi pengetahuan dan metodologi dengan hasrat untuk mendedahkan linguistik Arab Moden kepada isu- isu semasa dan terkini. Kajian ini  juga cuba membahaskan persoalan utama yang dibangkitkan oleh golongan barat tentang sejauh mana kita boleh melontarkan persoalan- persoalan mengenai bahasa yang menggalakkan pemikiran kritis menurut persepsi islam yang bersandarkan Al-Quran dan sunnah. Di samping itu, usaha daripada kajian yang ringkas ini diharapkan dapat membentuk satu pergerakan yang bakal mengubah sistem dan kaedah kajian linguistik Arab supaya lebih sistematik dan mengikuti arus dunia penyelidikan yang terkini. Justeru ia dapat dijadikan jambatan kepada perbincangan dengan dunia luar dan  membina kerjasama yang lebih efektif dalam bidang penyelidikan khusus untuk pembangunan bahasa.Kata kunci: Penubuhan – Metodologi – Pengetahuan -  Al-Mutawakkil – Al-Fahri. 

scholarly journals Density Guarantee on Finding Multiple Subgraphs and Subtensors

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Quang-huy Duong ◽  
Heri Ramampiaro ◽  
Kjetil Nørvåg ◽  
Thu-lan Dam
Keyword(s):  
Lower Bound ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Exact Methods ◽  
Practical Solution ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Real World Datasets ◽  
Tensor Data

Dense subregion (subgraph & subtensor) detection is a well-studied area, with a wide range of applications, and numerous efficient approaches and algorithms have been proposed. Approximation approaches are commonly used for detecting dense subregions due to the complexity of the exact methods. Existing algorithms are generally efficient for dense subtensor and subgraph detection, and can perform well in many applications. However, most of the existing works utilize the state-or-the-art greedy 2-approximation algorithm to capably provide solutions with a loose theoretical density guarantee. The main drawback of most of these algorithms is that they can estimate only one subtensor, or subgraph, at a time, with a low guarantee on its density. While some methods can, on the other hand, estimate multiple subtensors, they can give a guarantee on the density with respect to the input tensor for the first estimated subsensor only. We address these drawbacks by providing both theoretical and practical solution for estimating multiple dense subtensors in tensor data and giving a higher lower bound of the density. In particular, we guarantee and prove a higher bound of the lower-bound density of the estimated subgraph and subtensors. We also propose a novel approach to show that there are multiple dense subtensors with a guarantee on its density that is greater than the lower bound used in the state-of-the-art algorithms. We evaluate our approach with extensive experiments on several real-world datasets, which demonstrates its efficiency and feasibility.

The State of the Art in Management Education Applicable to Aerospace Activities

1967 ◽  
Vol 71 (677) ◽  
pp. 342-343
Author(s):  
F. H. East
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Management Education ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Development Project ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
Defence Budget ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All

The Aviation Group of the Ministry of Technology (formerly the Ministry of Aviation) is responsible for spending a large part of the country's defence budget, both in research and development on the one hand and production or procurement on the other. In addition, it has responsibilities in many non-defence fields, mainly, but not exclusively, in aerospace.Few developments have been carried out entirely within the Ministry's own Establishments; almost all have required continuous co-operation between the Ministry and Industry. In the past the methods of management and collaboration and the relative responsibilities of the Ministry and Industry have varied with time, with the type of equipment to be developed, with the size of the development project and so on. But over the past ten years there has been a growing awareness of the need to put some system into the complex business of translating a requirement into a specification and a specification into a product within reasonable bounds of time and cost.

The State of the Art in Management Studies Applicable to Aerospace Activities

1967 ◽  
Vol 71 (677) ◽  
pp. 338-342
Author(s):  
G. P. Dollimore
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
General Management ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
A Company

Perhaps I should start as earlier speakers have done with a disclaimer to the effect that I am not putting my thoughts forward as those of an expert in all fields of management. I am perhaps fortunate in having been concerned with projects which lend themselves to experiments in the use of integrated management techniques, and also in the operation of a company which, because of its medium size—a thousand or so strong—and its type of business, is just large enough on one hand to justify a reasonably sophisticated approach to general management and, on the other, small enough for one to see the effects of changes in approach. It is on this basis that I shall make my comments.

Review of Hill (2019): The Historical Phonology of Tibetan, Burmese, and Chinese

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-311
Author(s):  
Giorgio (Georg) Orlandi
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
Historical Phonology ◽  
Shared History ◽  
Systematic Exploration ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

Abstract The book under review serves as a significant contribution to the field of Trans-Himalayan linguistics. Designed as a vade mecum for readers with little linguistic background in these three languages, Nathan W. Hill’s work attempts, on the one hand, a systematic exploration of the shared history of Burmese, Tibetan and Chinese, and, on the other, a general introduction to the reader interested in obtaining an overall understanding of the state of the art of the historical phonology of these three languages. Whilst it is acknowledged that the book in question has the potential to be a solid contribution to the field, it is also felt that few minor issues can be also addressed.

scholarly journals Bilateral Multi-Perspective Matching for Natural Language Sentences

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiguo Wang ◽  
Wael Hamza ◽  
Radu Florian
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
The Other ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Benchmark Datasets ◽  
Sentence Matching ◽  
Fully Connected

Natural language sentence matching is a fundamental technology for a variety of tasks. Previous approaches either match sentences from a single direction or only apply single granular (word-by-word or sentence-by-sentence) matching. In this work, we propose a bilateral multi-perspective matching (BiMPM) model. Given two sentences P and Q, our model first encodes them with a BiLSTM encoder. Next, we match the two encoded sentences in two directions P against Q and P against Q. In each matching direction, each time step of one sentence is matched against all time-steps of the other sentence from multiple perspectives. Then, another BiLSTM layer is utilized to aggregate the matching results into a fix-length matching vector. Finally, based on the matching vector, a decision is made through a fully connected layer. We evaluate our model on three tasks: paraphrase identification, natural language inference and answer sentence selection. Experimental results on standard benchmark datasets show that our model achieves the state-of-the-art performance on all tasks.

scholarly journals Efficient Temporal Planning Using Metastates

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 7554-7561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Coles ◽  
Andrew Coles ◽  
J. Christopher Beck
Keyword(s):  
State Space ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Temporal Constraints ◽  
State Space Explosion ◽  
Temporal Planning ◽  
State Space Search ◽  
Temporal Inconsistency

When performing temporal planning as forward state-space search, effective state memoisation is challenging. Whereas in classical planning, two states are equal if they have the same facts and variable values, in temporal planning this is not the case: as the plans that led to the two states are subject to temporal constraints, one might be extendable into at temporally valid plan, while the other might not. In this paper, we present an approach for reducing the state space explosion that arises due to having to keep many copies of the same ‘classically’ equal state – states that are classically equal are aggregated into metastates, and these are separated lazily only in the case of temporal inconsistency. Our evaluation shows that this approach, implemented in OPTIC and compared to existing state-of-the-art memoisation techniques, improves performance across a range of temporal domains.

Virtual and Augmented Reality Mirrors for Mental Health Treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 885-907
Author(s):  
Sergio Casas ◽  
Cristina Portalés ◽  
Lucía Vera ◽  
José Vicente Riera
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Health Treatment ◽  
Medical Sector ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Virtual And Augmented Reality

Virtual and Augmented Reality are technologies widely used in a variety of areas, including the medical sector. On the other hand, regular mirrors have been traditionally used as tools to aid in mental health treatment for a variety of diseases and disorders. Although it is possible to build Virtual and Augmented Reality experiences based on mirror metaphors, there are very few contributions of this kind in the medical sector. In this chapter, the great benefits that regular mirrors have brought for mental health treatment are addressed. In addition, a review on the state of the art in mirror-based Virtual and Augmented Reality applications is given, highlighting the potential benefits that these enhanced mirrors could bring for the mental health treatment.

The Mideast: Figures in the Carpet

Worldview ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-11
Author(s):  
Robert K. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Iraq War ◽  
Arab World ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gulf States ◽  
Middle East Politics ◽  
Revolutionary Regime ◽  
The U.S

It is not a joking matter, but the state of Middle East politics is nothing if not absurd. Which is to say that, to the Westerner at least, the most recent rearrangement of alliances, conflicts, and rivalries follows no readily apparent pattern of loyalty or consistency—either religious or political. The Iran-Iraq war seems to have crystalized the fragmented Arab world into two opposing blocs, those siding with non-Arab Iran and those backing Saddam Hussein. But Libya and Syria, the two most pro-Soviet countries, have sided with anti-Communist, anti-Soviet Khomeini. On the other hand the Imam is opposed by the two anti-Soviet monarchies of lordan and Saudi Arabia and the non-Communist Gulf states led by pro-Soviet Iraq. The two monarchies might be expected to oppose Iran's revolutionary regime but hardly to ally themselves with a regime no less revolutionary in its own way than Iran. Not to put too fine a point on it, it was the 1958 Iraq revolution that murder ed King Faisal II, ruler of Iraq and cousin to King Hussein. We find Sunni Libya, which has sought to embarrass Alawite president of Syria Assad by stirring up opposition among the Sunni majority of Syria, united with Assad to give aid and comfort to the Shiite leader of Iran. Syria and Iraq, which are hostile to each other, are ruled by the two extant leaders of thp Baath or Renaissance party dedicated to the unity of the Arab peoples. We find Soviet-client Iraq allied with the most proAmerican states, Jordan and Saudi Arabia, against the most anti-American state, Iran. Soviet weaponry provides the security of the Arab axis against American weaponry provided to the shah. Meanwhile, Iran credits the U.S. with starting the war, even though Iran is being attacked with Soviet weaponry.

scholarly journals Caliphates and Juntas: Ottoman Legacies in Today's Controversies over Religion and State in the Arab World

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 797-810
Author(s):  
Juan Cole
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Political Islam ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Officer Corps ◽  
Multiethnic States ◽  
The Muslim Brotherhood ◽  
Religion And State

Egypt and Iraq display contrasting policies in the relationship between state and religion. Egypt's nationalist officer corps has subordinated political Islam, stigmatized the Muslim Brotherhood, and bended clerics to its will. While Arab Iraq presents two models, both hold a similar stance on religion: one an elected, parliamentary government dominated by political Islam and Shiite clerics; the other a theocratic Sunni caliphate of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. Egypt and Iraq are heirs to two differing Ottoman solutions to the problem of religion-state relations, the legacy of which is often overlooked. The most prevalent model subordinates clergy and religion to the state in the tradition of Mehmet I. This model is characteristic of the empire in its glory years and would have been recognized by Suleyman the Magnificent. In the other model, the late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century Hamidian caliphate, the head of state claimed temporal and religious authority to combat colonial penetration. Neither Ottoman nor colonial norms of governance, nor nationalist states succeeding them, developed methods to deal with multiethnic states or avoid a tyranny of the majority. Unlike the modernizing Ottoman caliphate, however, the caliphates of Mulla Omar and Ibrahim al-Samarra'i display a literalist reading of sharia and a ruthless disregard of humane prohibitions in mainstream Islamic law against killing innocents. Of the two models, the likely victor is the state-centric subordination of religion because latter-day caliphates have flourished only briefly as radical and sectarian movements in rugged territories where power vacuums existed.

Review—Computational Methods for Internal Flows With Emphasis on Turbomachinery

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. McNally ◽  
Peter M. Sockol
Keyword(s):  
Stream Function ◽  
Computational Methods ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Internal Flows ◽  
Other Hand

A review is given of current computational methods for analyzing flows in turbomachinery and other related internal propulsion components. The methods are divided primarily into two classes, inviscid and viscous. The inviscid methods deal specifically with turbomachinery applications. Viscous methods, on the other hand, due to the state-of-the-art, deal with generalized duct flows as well as flows in turbomachinery passages. Inviscid methods are categorized into the potential, stream function, and Euler approaches. Viscous methods are treated in terms of parabolic, partially parabolic, and elliptic procedures.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document