Benin Groundnut Producers’ Perceptions, Awareness and Action about Aflatoxin

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-87
Author(s):  
C.M. Jolly ◽  
S. Vodouhe ◽  
B. Bayard ◽  
P.E. Jolly ◽  
J.T. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Economic Threat ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Belief Model

ABSTRACT Aflatoxin (AF) contamination of groundnut poses a serious health and economic threat to Benin market participants. However, most farmers are unaware of the problem. A study of 182 farmers was conducted in 2002 using a Health Belief Model (HBM) to examine Benin farmers’ health beliefs, perception constructs of awareness, susceptibility, seriousness of the problem, barriers, and benefits derived from reducing AF levels. Exploratory Factor Analysis was employed to evaluate the HBM model constructs. The average age of farmers was 40.4 years with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 10.8, and farmers had an average of 18.32 years of farming experience. Approximately 93% of farmers stated that sorting of groundnuts was important or very important, while 77% thought that they were sure or definitely sure of the negative effects of AF on human health. The exploratory factor analysis revealed that two factors embodied the susceptibility, barrier and benefit constructs. The study results indicated that the reduction of AF in groundnuts was multidimensional and required policy intervention to increase awareness of the health risks, and to manipulate the factors that influenced the constructs at the farm and policy level.

scholarly journals Nonattendance at Scheduled Appointments in Outpatient Clinics Due to COVID-19 and Related Factors in Taiwan: A Health Belief Model Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4445
Author(s):  
Yi-Ping Hsieh ◽  
Cheng-Fang Yen ◽  
Chia-Fen Wu ◽  
Peng-Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Health Belief Model ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Outpatient Clinics ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Belief Model

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of hospital visits and attendance at scheduled appointments have dropped significantly. We used the health belief model (in three dimensions) to examine the determinants of non-attendance of scheduled appointments in outpatient clinics due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants in Taiwan (n = 1954) completed an online survey from 10 April 10 to 23 April 2020, which assessed how people perceived and responded to the outbreak of a fast-spreading infectious disease. We performed both univariate and multivariate logistic regression to examine the roles of cognitive, affective, and behavioral health belief constructs in nonattendance at scheduled appointments. The results indicated that individuals who perceived high confidence in coping with COVID-19 were less likely to miss or cancel their doctor’s appointments, whereas individuals who reported high anxiety and practiced more preventive health behaviors, including avoiding crowded places, washing hands more often, and wearing a mask more often, were more likely to miss or cancel their appointments due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Non-heterosexual participants had a lower rate of nonattendance at scheduled appointments compared with heterosexual ones. The study results increase our understanding of the patients’ cognitive health beliefs, psychological distress, and health behaviors when assessing adherence to medical appointments during a pandemic.

Transcultural Adaptation and Validation of Champion’s Health Belief Model Scales for Prostate Cancer Screening

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-313
Author(s):  
Mohammad H. Abuadas ◽  
Wasileh Petro-Nustas ◽  
Zainab F. Albikawi ◽  
Manar Nabolsi
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Health Belief Model ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Prostate Cancer Screening ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Validity Indices ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Belief Model

Background: Examining men’s health beliefs regarding prostate cancer screening is a vital issue and requires a reliable and valid scale. Purpose: Modify Champion’s Revised Health Belief Model Scale to measure Jordanian men’s beliefs about PCS, translate to Arabic, culturally adapt, and test its psychometric prosperities. Method: This was a methodological study in which 432 healthy men were selected by convenient sampling. Analysis included estimation of content validity indices, internal consistency, construct validity, and predictive validity. Results: Exploratory factor analysis yielded seven significant factors which explained variance 68.9% of variance. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that scale fit the data significantly. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient ranged from .83 to .92. Conclusion: Scale was found to be a valid and reliable for use with Jordanian men.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of Attitude Towards Honour Killing Scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-251
Author(s):  
Sadia Huda ◽  
Anila Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Item Pool ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Honour Killing

The present study aimed at developing a valid and reliable scale for assessing attitudes towards honour killing in Pakistan. The scale was developed in three phases; item pool generation, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. The initial item pool was generated form in-depth interviews with professionals (i.e., lawyers, journalists, psychologists, religious scholars, police officials, and social activists) and perpetrators in jail. In order to validate the initial 19 item scale, 459 adults, within the age range of 18-60 years were recruited from the Federal capital city and other cities of Punjab by using convenient sampling technique. For validation of the factor structure, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was run using Maximum Likelihood (ML) extraction method and promax rotation method. The analysis yielded two factors (affirmation and deterrents of honour killing) that accounted for 32% variance. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was carried out to validate the factor structure explored through EFA. An independent sample of 695 adults was recruited for confirmatory study. Results of CFA indicated a good model fit for the final scale comprising 17 items. The Cronbach alpha coefficients for the two factors were .79 and .61, respectively. The convergent and discriminant validity of the final scale was also determined using the Gender Role Attitude Scale (Anila & Ansari, 1992) and Extremism Scale (Gilani & Altaf, 2005.

scholarly journals Development and validation of the Oral Health Behavior Questionnaire for Adolescents based on the Health Belief Model (OHBQAHBM)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilu Xiang ◽  
Hai Ming Wong ◽  
Wangnan Cao ◽  
Antonio P. Perfecto ◽  
Colman P.J. McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Health Belief Model ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Oral Health Behavior ◽  
Oral Health Behaviors ◽  
Belief Model

Abstract Background: Oral health belief is a prerequisite of changing oral health behaviors especially during adolescence. However, there is a paucity of well-established questionnaire for use among adolescents. This study aimed to develop and validate an instrument to evaluate adolescents’ beliefs about oral health behaviors using health belief model. Methods: A preliminary 43-item questionnaire was developed by an expert panel. Then the questionnaire was finalized by decreasing the number of items to 35 by analyzing the results from face validity and factor analysis from 421 Hong Kong secondary school students. The content validity were evaluated by a panel of 2 behavioral scientists, 2 dentists, 2 schoolteachers and 10 adolescents. The construct validity of the questionnaire was assessed by performing exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, item-total correlation and intraclass coefficient were used to test its reliability. In addition, to confirm its applicability, multiple regression analysis and path analysis were used to evaluate the possibility of HBM as predictors for oral health behaviors and oral hygiene status. Results: The initial analysis extracted six factors that jointly accounted for 62.47% of the variance observed. Based on CFA, the final version of the questionnaire consisted of 35 items and the data of the final version fitted the model well. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the subscale (>0.7), item-total correlations (0.47-0.91) and the intraclass coefficient (0.82-0.91) were all above acceptable thresholds. The results of multiple regression analysis and path analysis confirmed its ability to predict oral health behaviors and status. Conclusions: The present findings indicate satisfactory validity, reliability and applicability of the proposed Oral Health Behavior Questionnaire for Adolescents based on the Health Belief Model (OHBQAHBM) for measuring oral health beliefs of adolescents. This questionnaire can be used as an instrument to measure oral health beliefs and predict oral health behavior and oral hygiene status of adolescents.

scholarly journals Development and validation of the Oral Health Behavior Questionnaire for Adolescents based on the Health Belief Model (OHBQAHBM)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilu Xiang ◽  
Hai Ming Wong ◽  
Wangnan Cao ◽  
Antonio P. Perfecto ◽  
Colman P.J. McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Oral Health Behavior ◽  
Oral Health Behaviors ◽  
Belief Model ◽  
Oral Health Beliefs

Abstract Background Oral health belief is a prerequisite of changing oral health behaviors especially during adolescence. However, there is a paucity of well-established questionnaire for use among adolescents. This study aimed to develop and validate an instrument to evaluate adolescents’ beliefs about oral health behaviors using health belief model.Methods A preliminary 43-item questionnaire was developed by an expert panel. Then the questionnaire was finalized by decreasing the number of items to 35 by analyzing the results from face validity and factor analysis from 421 Hong Kong secondary school students. The content validity were evaluated by a panel of 2 behavioral scientists, 2 dentists, 2 schoolteachers and 10 adolescents. The construct validity of the questionnaire was assessed by performing exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, item-total correlation and intraclass coefficient were used to test its reliability. In addition, to confirm its applicability, multiple regression analysis and path analysis were used to evaluate the possibility of HBM as predictors for oral health behaviors and oral hygiene status.Results The initial analysis extracted six factors that jointly accounted for 62.47% of the variance observed. Based on CFA, the final version of the questionnaire consisted of 35 items and the data of the final version fitted the model well. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the subscale (>0.7), item-total correlations (0.47-0.91) and the intraclass coefficient (0.82-0.91) were all above acceptable thresholds. The results of multiple regression analysis and path analysis confirmed its ability to predict oral health behaviors and status.Conclusions The present findings indicate satisfactory validity, reliability and applicability of the proposed Oral Health Behavior Questionnaire for Adolescents based on the Health Belief Model (OHBQAHBM) for measuring oral health beliefs of adolescents. This questionnaire can be used as an instrument to measure oral health beliefs and predict oral health behavior and oral hygiene status of adolescents.

The Impact of the Theory-Based Training on Beliefs of Women towards Breast Cancer Screening Behaviors

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-235
Author(s):  
Alireza Didarloo ◽  
Leila Mokhtary ◽  
Hamid-Reza Khalkhali ◽  
Soheila Ahangarzadeh-Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Breast Cancer Screening ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Belief Model ◽  
Screening Behaviors

Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer among women that is fatal if not diagnosed and treated in due time. Health beliefs play an important role in people's willingness to engage in health-promoting behaviors. Objective: The aim of the study was to examine the effects of the health belief model (HBM)-based training intervention on women’s health beliefs towards breast cancer screening behaviors. Methods: The study of educational intervention was conducted on women referred to healthcare centers. The sample was selected by convenient sampling and randomly assigned to control and intervention groups of 50 subjects. The intervention group received the theory-based training intervention, but the control group received only the routine care. Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS) was used for collecting the study data. Data analysis was performed using independent t-test, paired t-test, Chi-squared test, and correlation coefficient in SPSS software version 16.00. Results: The mean age of the subjects for control and intervention groups was 39.06±9.78, 38.32±8.27, respectively. Overall, 38%, 12% and 13%of the subjects reported breast selfexamination behavior, mammography and clinical breast examinations, respectively. Before the intervention program, the overall mean score of health beliefs in groups of control and intervention was 160.82±23.28, and 159.14±20.61, respectively. After educational intervention, the overall mean score of beliefs in the intervention group changed from 159.14±20.61 to 195.26±24.42, and it was statistically significant (p<0.001). In the control group, after the intervention, no significant changes were observed in the mean score of total health beliefs and were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Among the variables of the HBM, women's perceived self-efficacy toward breast selfexamination experienced the most positive change after an educational intervention. Conclusion: Our results indicated that HBM-based training significantly improved women’s beliefs toward breast cancer screening behaviors. It is suggested that trainers in the healthcare system use these educational approaches to promote people’s beliefs toward breast cancer and its screening methods.

Measuring Attitudes and Health Beliefs Among Mexican Americans With Diabetes

1994 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terri Schwab ◽  
Julie Meyer ◽  
Rosa Merrell
Keyword(s):  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cultural Sensitivity ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Belief Model

Adherence to the treatment regimen for patients with diabetes is of major concern to healthcare practitioners, particularly when dealing with the high-risk, low-income, Mexican-American population. Assessing the attitudes and beliefs of this group is vital for planning effective and realistic intervention strategies. Therefore, we designed a culturally sensitive instrument to measure health beliefs and attitudes of low-income Mexican Americans with diabetes. The Health Belief Model (HBM) was used as a basis for this study because it is well accepted as a predictor of health-related behaviors. However, we found that the HBM was not an effective tool for assessing the health beliefs or attitudes of this patient population even after rigorous efforts to operationalize the HBM and after conducting extensive statistical analyses. Only two of the five subscales of the traditional HBM, barriers and benefits, were reliable. Scales to measure acculturation and fatalism were added to increase the cultural sensitivity of the tool. These added components were found to be an important variable in interpreting the results for low-income Mexican-American patients.

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