Roasted Peanut Flavor Variation Across Germplasm Sources1

Abstract Roasted flavor is a critical factor in the acceptance of a peanut cultivar. A three-year study was made on the variation in roasted peanut flavor intensity of U.S. peanut cultivars and advanced breeding lines. An initial set of 83 entries was reduced to 71 by removing samples that showed evidence of extraneous environmental conditions, immaturity, and handling or improper sample preparation effects. All entries for the cv. New Mexico Valenicia C, representing the Valencia market type, were lost because of improper roasting or intense fruity flavor. Florigiant, Florunner, and Pronto were used as comparison standards for roasted peanut attribute values in evaluating the Virginia, runner, and Spanish market types, respectively. The positive estimated difference between control and test germplasm sources was largest within the Virginia type, with a least-square mean difference of +1.4 for roasted peanut attribute intensity. Spanish types were next with a positive estimated difference of +1.3, and runner types were lowest with a positive estimated difference of +0.5. Broadsense heritability for the roasted peanut attribute among germplasm sources was determined to be 24%, suggesting a potential for improving the roasted peanut attribute level through proper breeding stratagems.

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Roasted Peanut Flavor Intensity Variations Among U.S. Genotypes1

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/i0095-3679-22-2-16 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 158-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Harold E. Pattee ◽

Francis G. Giesbrecht ◽

Thomas G. Isleib

Keyword(s):

Flavor Score ◽

Critical Factor ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Roasted Peanut ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Flavor Intensity ◽

Sensory Attribute ◽

Attribute Levels ◽

Peanut Cultivars ◽

Comparison Standards

Abstract Roasted flavor should be a critical factor in the acceptance of a peanut cultivar edible use. A 5-yr study was made on variation in roasted peanut flavor intensity of U.S. peanut cultivars and advanced breeding lines. Sixty-one genotypes were evaluated with sufficient location and replication observations (4) to have a 40% chance of detecting a true difference of 0.5 sensory units in flavor score with P = 0.05. Cultivars Florunner, NC 7, and Pronto were used as comparison standards for the roasted peanut attribute in the runner, Virginia, and Spanish market types, respectively. The adjusted mean difference between control and test germplasm was largest within the Virginia type, with an adjusted mean difference of +0.7 units for roasted peanut attribute intensity. Runner types were next with a difference of +0.3 units and Spanish types were not different. Broad-sense heritability for the roasted peanut attribute among germplasm sources was 9.3%, which compares favorably with previously published values of 10.6 and 24.3%. Heritability of the sweet sensory attribute was determined to be 25.9%, compared to previously published values of 14.3 and 37.0%. This suggests a potential for improving the roasted peanut and sweet attribute levels through using proper breeding strategies.

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Inheritance of Dry Matter Deposition and Free Arginine Level in Maturing Peanuts, Arachis hypogaea L

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/i0095-3679-4-1-1 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Peter Y. P. Tai ◽

Clyde T. Young

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Transgressive Segregation ◽

Quantitative Character ◽

Partial Dominance ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Arachis Hypogaea L ◽

Peanut Cultivars ◽

Broadsense Heritability ◽

Arginine Level

Abstract Nine F2 families from crosses among six peanut cultivars and breeding lines were used to investigate the inheritance of dry matter deposition and free arginine as a parameter of maturity. Results indicated that dry matter was a quantitative character governed by multiple genes, whereas free arginine level seemed to be controlled by two major genes with partial dominance for the low arginine character. Marked transgressive segregation of F2 families below the lower dry matter parents and above the higher arginine parents was found in most of the nine crosses of various genotypes. Broad sense heritabilities were lower for the dry matter (38 to 78%) than for the level of arginine (60% to 93%). The higher broadsense heritability of the free arginine level in these peanut cultivars examined lends theoretical support to the use of the arginine maturity index (AMI) as a measure of maturation. Correlation coefficients between dry matter and AMI varied from − .198 to − .946.

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Variation in Intensity of Sweet and Bitter Sensory Attributes Across Peanut Genotypes1

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/i0095-3679-25-2-2 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 63-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

H. E. Pattee ◽

T. G. Isleib ◽

F. G. Giesbrecht

Keyword(s):

Genotypic Variation ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Direct Selection ◽

Roasted Peanut ◽

Sensory Panel ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Flavor Intensity ◽

Gxe Interaction ◽

Arachis Hypogaea L ◽

Selection For

Abstract Genetic improvement of sweet, bitter and roasted peanut attributes of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) flavor is predicated on the existence of genetic variation for the attributes. A total of 1136 SMK samples representing 122 cultivars and breeding lines and 42 year-by-location combinations from three major peanut-producing regions were roasted, ground to paste, and submitted to a trained sensory panel for evaluation of flavor attributes. Data were subjected to analysis of variance to separate genetic, environmental and GxE interaction effects following adjustment for roast color and intensity of the fruity attribute. Genotypic variation was significant for all three attributes as was location-to-location variation within year and region. Large year effects were observed for bitter and roasted peanut attributes. Estimates of broad-sense heritability (H) among inbred lines and cultivars were 0.28 for sweet, 0.06 for bitter, and 0.06 for roasted peanut attributes, indicating that selection for sweetness should result in relatively rapid genetic gain. The ranges of genotypic means were 2.33-4.12 flavor intensity units (fiu) for sweet, 2.43-4.46 fiu for bitter, and 3.75-5.22 fiu for roasted peanut. Correlations among least squares means for the three attributes were highly significant (r = −0.80 for bitter and sweet, r = 0.59 for roasted peanut and sweet, and r = −0.59 for roasted peanut and bitter), indicating that indirect selection based on the more highly heritable sweet attribute could be more effective than direct selection for increased intensity of the roasted peanut and decreased intensity of the bitter attribute. Specific genotypes with superior aspects of roasted peanut flavor were identified.

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Evaluation of Minimum Preparation Sampling Strategies for Sugarcane Quality Prediction by vis-NIR Spectroscopy

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21062195 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 2195

Author(s):

Lucas de Paula Corrêdo ◽

Leonardo Felipe Maldaner ◽

Helizani Couto Bazame ◽

José Paulo Molin

Keyword(s):

Sample Preparation ◽

Prediction Models ◽

Spectral Response ◽

Nir Spectroscopy ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Partial Least Square ◽

Least Square ◽

Sample Type ◽

Sampling Strategies ◽

Significant Difference

Proximal sensing for assessing sugarcane quality information during harvest can be affected by various factors, including the type of sample preparation. The objective of this study was to determine the best sugarcane sample type and analyze the spectral response for the prediction of quality parameters of sugarcane from visible and near-infrared (vis-NIR) spectroscopy. The sampling and spectral data acquisition were performed during the analysis of samples by conventional methods in a sugar mill laboratory. Samples of billets were collected and four modes of scanning and sample preparation were evaluated: outer-surface (‘skin’) (SS), cross-sectional scanning (CSS), defibrated cane (DF), and raw juice (RJ) to analyze the parameters soluble solids content (Brix), saccharose (Pol), fibre, pol of cane and total recoverable sugars (TRS). Predictive models based on Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR) were built with the vis-NIR spectral measurements. There was no significant difference (p-value > 0.05) between the accuracy SS and CSS samples compared to DF and RJ samples for all prediction models. However, DF samples presented the best predictive performance values for the main sugarcane quality parameters, and required only minimal sample preparation. The results contribute to advancing the development of on-board quality monitoring in sugarcane, indicating better sampling strategies.

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Outlier removal method for the reﬁnement of optical measured displacement ﬁeld based on critical factor least squares and subdomain division

Measurement Science and Technology ◽

10.1088/1361-6501/ac476c ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bo Wang ◽

Chen Sun ◽

Keming Zhang ◽

Jubing Chen

Keyword(s):

Least Squares ◽

Displacement Field ◽

Critical Factor ◽

Least Square ◽

Outlier Removal ◽

Full Field ◽

Removal Method ◽

Strain Estimation ◽

Data Points ◽

Measured Displacement

Abstract As a representative type of outlier, the abnormal data in displacement measurement often inevitably occurred in full-field optical metrology and significantly affected the further evaluation, especially when calculating the strain field by differencing the displacement. In this study, an outlier removal method is proposed which can recognize and remove the abnormal data in optically measured displacement field. A iterative critical factor least squares algorithm (CFLS) is developed which distinguishes the distance between the data points and the least square plane to identify the outliers. A successive boundary point algorithm is proposed to divide the measurement domain to improve the applicability and effectiveness of the CFLS algorithm. The feasibility and precision of the proposed method are discussed in detail through simulations and experiments. Results show that the outliers are reliably recognized and the precision of the strain estimation is highly improved by using these methods.

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PERAN AKUNTABILITAS DAN TRANSPARANSI PEMERINTAH DESA INDONESIA TERHADAP KEPERCAYAAN MASYARAKAT DESA: KASUS DI KABUPATEN BANTUL

Jurnal Akademi Akuntansi ◽

10.22219/jaa.v4i1.16481 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hafiez Sofyani ◽

Afrizal Tahar

Keyword(s):

Mixed Methods Research ◽

Critical Factor ◽

Study Data ◽

Partial Least Square ◽

Least Square ◽

Village Community ◽

Research Findings ◽

Community Trust ◽

Village Government ◽

Inductive Thematic Analysis

This study aims to examine effect of accountability and transparency of village government on village community trust. A Mixed-methods research design with explanatory sequential model was adopted in this study. Data were collected by distributing a survey questionnaire in the first step and followed by interviews. Partial Least Square (PLS) technique was used to test the hypotheses whilst inductive thematic analysis was adopted to analyze interview data. This study discovered that the transparency enhances village community trust while accountability was in contrast. The interview results complement the result obtained from hypotheses testing using survey data. Based on the research findings, the transparency becomes a critical factor for increasing community trust in village.

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Differential Physiological and Metabolic Responses to Drought Stress of Peanut Cultivars and Breeding Lines

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci2013.09.0606 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 54 (5) ◽

pp. 2262-2274 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Daljit Singh ◽

Eva Collakova ◽

Thomas G. Isleib ◽

Gregory E. Welbaum ◽

Shyam P. Tallury ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Metabolic Responses ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Peanut Cultivars

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Genetic Relationships Among Peanut Cultivars and Breeding Lines in Shandong Province, PRC

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/pnut.29.2.0004 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 95-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

H. Q. Xue ◽

T. G. Isleib

Keyword(s):

Genetic Relationships ◽

Northern China ◽

Shandong Province ◽

Agricultural Science ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Genetic Base ◽

Chinese Origin ◽

Peanut Cultivars ◽

New Germplasm ◽

New Cultivars

Abstract Shandong province is the leading peanut-producing province in China which in turn is the leading peanut-producing country in the world. Shandong Peanut Research Institute (SPRI), an institute of the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, has had an ongoing breeding program for more than 40 yr and is the source of the peanut cultivars that dominate production in Shandong province and northern China. About 75 peanut cultivars and breeding lines have been released in Shandong by SPRI and other institutions. The genetic base of Shandong peanut cultivars has been described as narrow. The objective of this study was to (a) determine the genetic contribution of main ancestors to the genetic base of Shandong peanut cultivars and (b) study the genetic relationships among the peanut cultivars released in Shandong province during 1950-1999. Twentysix ancestors were identified in the pedigrees of 69 improved lines, 24 ancestors of Chinese origin contributed 96.1% of the Shandong peanut genetic base, and two exotic introductions contributed only 3.6%. The four most important ancestors based on average coancestry with the 69 improved lines are Fu Hua Sheng (PI 436545), Shi Tou Qi (PI 430227 and PI 461435), Jianggezhuang Ban Man (PI 433351), and Shuyang Da Zhan Yang from which 67, 28, 27 and 19 lines were derived, respectively. Among the 20 dominant cultivars of Shandong province, recently released cultivars Lu Hua 14 and Lu Hua 15 have the lowest average coancestry with the others which means those two new cultivars' have the high genetic divergence. In contrast, the very popular cultivars Fu Hua Sheng, Baisha 1016, Xuzhou 68-4, Lu Hua 9, and the new cultivar 8130 were closely related to the other cultivars. The results suggest that the genetic base of Shandong peanut cultivars released before 1990 is narrow, but that cultivars released after 1990 have broadened the genetic base due to introduction and use of new germplasm in the pedigrees. This information will be used as a guide for peanut breeders in choosing parents and avoiding genetic vulnerability to pests. For new cross combinations, parents with low coefficients of coancestry should be chosen in order to keep enlarging the gene pool of the new cultivars.

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Advances in TEM Sample Preparation Using a Focused Ion Beam

Microscopy and Microanalysis ◽

10.1017/s1431927608086030 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 14 (S2) ◽

pp. 380-381 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

B Van Leer ◽

LA Giannuzzi

Keyword(s):

New Mexico ◽

Sample Preparation ◽

Focused Ion Beam ◽

Ion Beam

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2008 in Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA, August 3 – August 7, 2008

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Genotype-by-Environment Interactions for Flavor Attributes of Breeding Lines in the Uniform Peanut Performance Test

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/ps07-108.1 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 55-60

Author(s):

T. G. Isleib ◽

B. L. Tillman ◽

H. E. Pattee ◽

T. H. Sanders ◽

K. W. Hendrix ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Performance Test ◽

Likelihood Estimation ◽

Roasted Peanut ◽

Single Observation ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Production Region ◽

Using Data ◽

Main Effects ◽

Estimation Of Variance ◽

Restricted Maximum Likelihood Estimation

Abstract Peanut flavor is influenced by several groups of factors: environmental, genetic, and interaction between them. This study evaluated the relative contributions of these factors using data from the USDA-ARS program of sensory quality testing of samples from the multi-state Uniform Peanut Performance Tests (UPPT). Data were subjected to restricted maximum likelihood estimation of variance components reflecting the main effects of year, production region, location within regions, genotype, and kernel grade within genotype, and the interactions among these main effects. Genetic variation was relatively small (0.0 to 9.5% of total variation) while environmental variation, particularly that due to years, was large. Year-by-genotype interaction was large for roast color and intensities of the roasted peanut and sweet aromatic attributes. Estimates of repeatability (R) for sensory attributes were low, even based on means measured across multiple locations and two years, except for that of the sweet attribute (R = 0.10 for a single observation and R = 0.34 for a mean across two years of UPPT testing). Breeders should be able to reliably identify lines with superior sweet attribute intensity, but identification of lines with intense roasted peanut attribute will be more difficult.

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