Screening the Peanut Core Collection for Resistance to Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Anderson ◽  
C. C. Holbrook ◽  
A. K. Culbreath
Keyword(s):  
Core Collection ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus

Abstract Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is among the greatest yield-reducing viruses affecting peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The best known method of control of TSWV is through the use of resistant cultivars. Unfortunately, only a few peanut genotypes with moderate levels of resistance are known. The objectives of this study were to identify additional sources of resistance to TSWV and to determine whether plant descriptor information is associated with reaction to TSWV in the field. Peanut plant introductions from a core collection were evaluated for resistance to TSWV in field trials from 1991 to 1993. Great variability was found among PIs for reaction to natural TSWV epidemics at Attapulgus, GA. Accessions which exhibited potential resistance in 1991 or 1992 were reevaluated in subsequent years. Disease pressure was high in 1993 and 27 accessions exhibited significantly greater resistance than Florunner, and one (PI 262049) had lower disease incidence than Southern Runner. Only minor relationships existed between TSWV incidence and plant descriptor traits (growth habit and maturity) using the stepwise multiple regression procedure. Peanut accessions with resistance to TSWV were found among all maturity levels and growth habits. These accessions provide additional parents and may provide additional genes for resistance that may be useful in developing resistant cultivars.

scholarly journals Management of Tomato spotted wilt virus in Flue-Cured Tobacco with Acibenzolar-S-Methyl and Imidacloprid

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Csinos ◽  
H. R. Pappu ◽  
R. M. McPherson ◽  
M. G. Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Field Trial ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Phytophthora Parasitica ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus ◽  
Effect On Growth

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) continues to be a major production constraint in flue-cured tobacco in Georgia. Pretransplant applications of acibenzolar-S-methyl (Actigard) and imidacloprid (Admire and Provado) were evaluated in field trials, singly and in combination, in four locations in 1999. Acibenzolar-S-methyl was also evaluated for its effect on growth and yield, potential phytotoxicity, and activity against tobacco blackshank incited by Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae. Acibenzolar-S-methyl alone and with imidacloprid significantly reduced TSWV incidence in all four locations, but the disease incidence in the imidacloprid-treated plots was lower in only one of the four sites. Applications of acibenzolar-S-methyl starting at 4 weeks posttransplant had no effect on TSWV incidence, size, or yield of tobacco compared with nontreated plots. Acibenzolar-S-methyl did not reduce blackshank in a field trial. In the greenhouse, rates of acibenzolar-S-methyl ranging from 0.25 to 8 g a.i. per 7,000 plants showed reductions in growth that did not seem to be related to rate. Pretransplant applications of acibenzolar-S-methyl were critical to the suppression of TSWV, while initial applications made posttransplant had no effect, suggesting that plants must be protected prior to introduction into the field.

scholarly journals Incidence of Tomato spotted wilt virus (Bunyaviridae) and Tobacco Thrips in Virginia-Type Peanuts in North Carolina

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Garcia ◽  
R. L. Brandenburg ◽  
J. E. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Virus Titer ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Tobacco Thrips ◽  
Wilt Virus

Virginia-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cultivars were monitored for incidence of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and abundance of Frankliniella fusca, the tobacco thrips, in North Carolina during 1995 and 1996. A preliminary evaluation of 225 peanut genotypes for TSWV-resistant or -tolerant genotypes was conducted in 1995. The incidence of TSWV in cultivar NC-9 was twice that of cultivar NC-V11. In 1996, field trials designed to evaluate TSWV susceptibility were conducted with three widely grown commercial peanut cultivars in North Carolina. They were NC-9, NC-V11, and NC-12C, a newly released cultivar. A randomized complete block design was utilized at three locations. Disease incidence was evaluated weekly from 2 weeks postplanting until 2 weeks prior to harvest. Mechanical inoculation of the three cultivars resulted in no difference in relative leaf virus titer as determined from optical density readings following DAS-ELISA for 4 successive weeks beginning at 13 days postinoculation. NC-9 ranked highest in incidence of disease (7%), followed by NC-12C (6%) and NC-V11 (5%). Thrips counts were greatest on NC-V11, followed by NC-9 and NC-12C. Disease incidence overall was 5.96%, but ranged from 3.08 to 11.15% among the three sites. Yield was affected by the temporal occurrence of symptoms beginning at the fifth week postplanting. Greatest yield losses occurred in those plants with the earliest visible foliar symptoms.

Effect of Imazapic and 2,4-DB on Peanut Yield, Grade, and Seed Germination

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Faircloth ◽  
E. P. Prostko
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Peanut Seed ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
South Georgia ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus

Abstract Recurrent problems with peanut seed germination and stand establishment have raised concerns about the potential effects of herbicides on peanut seed quality. Field trials were conducted in south Georgia in 2005 and 2006 to evaluate the effects of imazapic and 2,4-DB on peanut yield, grade, incidence of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), and seed germination. Imazapic at 71 g ai ha−1, applied at 30 and 40 days after planting (DAP), and 2,4-DB at 270 g ai ha−1, applied at 75 or 90 DAP, had no effect on peanut yield, grade, incidence of TSWV, and seed germination when averaged over two locations (Dawson and Tifton) and three cultivars (Georgia Green, Georgia-01R, and C-99R). Normal cultivar yield variations were observed; however, Georgia-01R had reduced standard (25 C) and cold (15 C) germination when compared to the other cultivars.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Arachis Species for Resistance to Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Lyerly ◽  
H. T. Stalker ◽  
J. W. Moyer ◽  
K. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Arachis Species ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Wilt Virus

Abstract Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is an important plant pathogen with a wide host range, including the domesticated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). After initial outbreaks on peanut during the 1980s, the virus has spread to all peanut-producing states in the U.S. TSWV is transmitted by several species of thrips which are difficult to control with insecticides; therefore, control of TSWV most likely will come from selecting resistant genotypes in breeding programs. Although moderate levels of resistance have been discovered in A. hypogaea, complete virus resistance has not been found. Several Arachis species have desirable genes for plant resistances and tolerate many disease and insect pests better than the cultivated species. The objectives of this study were to (a) evaluate TSWV disease incidence and severity in accessions of Arachis species, and (b) compare levels of TSWV resistance in diploid species to selected A. hypogaea genotypes. In this study, 46 diploid Arachis spp. accessions were evaluated in the greenhouse by artificial inoculation tests for resistance to TSWV. Nine Arachis accessions were observed with no disease symptoms when TSWV isolate 10 was used as opposed to A. hypogaea lines that ranged from moderately to highly susceptible. Additional testing with more virulent isolates identified A. diogoi accession GKP 10602 and A. correntina accession GKP 9530 as highly resistant to the virus. These two accessions are being used as parents in crossing programs to incorporate TSWV resistance genes into A. hypogaea.

scholarly journals First Report of Tomato spotted wilt virus on Chrysanthemum in Serbia

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Stanković ◽  
A. Bulajić ◽  
A. Vučurović ◽  
D. Ristić ◽  
K. Milojević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
N Gene ◽  
Impatiens Necrotic Spot Virus ◽  
Maximum Parsimony Tree ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
First Report ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Wilt Virus

In July 2011, greenhouse-grown chrysanthemum hybrid plants (Chrysanthemum × morifolium) with symptoms resembling those associated with tospoviruses were observed in the Kupusina locality (West Bačka District, Serbia). Disease incidence was estimated at 40%. Symptomatic plants with chlorotic ring spots and line patterns were sampled and tested by double antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA using polyclonal antisera (Bioreba AG, Reinach, Switzerland) against the two of the most devastating tospoviruses in the greenhouse floriculture industry: Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) (2). Commercial positive and negative controls and extracts from healthy chrysanthemum tissue were included in each ELISA. TSWV was detected serologically in 16 of 20 chrysanthemum samples and all tested samples were negative for INSV. The virus was mechanically transmitted from ELISA-positive chrysanthemum samples to five plants each of both Petunia × hybrida and Nicotiana tabacum ‘Samsun’ using chilled 0.01 M phosphate buffer (pH 7) containing 0.1% sodium sulfite. Inoculated plants produced local necrotic spots and systemic chlorotic/necrotic concentric rings, consistent with symptoms caused by TSWV (1). The presence of TSWV in ELISA-positive chrysanthemum plants and N. tabacum‘Samsun’ was further confirmed by conventional reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. Total RNAs were extracted with an RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). RT-PCR was performed with the One-Step RT-PCR Kit (Qiagen) using primers TSWVCP-f/TSWVCP-r specific to the nucleocapsid protein (N) gene (4). A Serbian isolate of TSWV from tobacco (GenBank Accession No. GQ373173) and RNA extracted from a healthy chrysanthemum plant were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. An amplicon of the correct predicted size (738-bp) was obtained from each of the plants assayed, and that derived from chrysanthemum isolate 529-11 was purified (QIAqick PCR Purification Kit, Qiagen) and sequenced (JQ692106). Sequence analysis of the partial N gene, conducted with MEGA5 software, revealed the highest nucleotide identity of 99.6% (99% amino acid identity) with 12 TSWV isolates deposited in GenBank originating from different hosts from Italy (HQ830186-87, DQ431237-38, DQ398945), Montenegro (GU355939-40, GU339506, GU339508), France (FR693055-56), and the Czech Republic (AJ296599). The consensus maximum parsimony tree obtained on a 705-bp partial N gene sequence of TSWV isolates available in GenBank revealed that Serbian TSWV isolate 529-11 from chrysanthemum was clustered in the European subpopulation 2, while the Serbian isolates from tomato (GU369723) and tobacco (GQ373172-73 and GQ355467) were clustered in the European subpopulation 1 denoted previously (3). The distribution of TSWV in commercial chrysanthemum crops is wide (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of TSWV infecting chrysanthemum in Serbia. Since chrysanthemum popularity and returns have been rising rapidly, the presence of TSWV may significantly reduce quality of crops in Serbia. References: (1) Anonymous. OEPP/EPPO Bull. 34:271, 2004. (2) Daughtrey et al. Plant Dis. 81:1220, 1997. (3) I. Stanković et al. Acta Virol. 55:337, 2011. (4) A. Vučurović et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 133:935, 2012.

Sources of resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in cultivated and wild species of Capsicum

Euphytica ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 67 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Boiteux ◽  
T. Nagata ◽  
W. P. Dutra ◽  
M. E. N. Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus

scholarly journals Pathogen-derived Resistance to Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus in Transgenic Tomato and Tobacco Plants

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Fedorowicz ◽  
Grzegorz Bartoszewski ◽  
Maria Kamińska ◽  
Pravda Stoeva ◽  
Katarzyna Niemirowicz-Szczytt
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Pathogen Derived Resistance ◽  
Wilt Virus ◽  
Primary Transformants ◽  
Translational Product

This study was undertaken to remedy significant yield losses in commercial tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) production caused by tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). One of the possible sources of resistance can be incorporation into the host plant of a viral nucleoprotein (N) gene by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Twelve primary transformants of tomato and 141 of tobacco were analyzed for the expression of the N gene and for resistance to the TSWV infection. The tests have demonstrated that transgenic plants were protected against virus infection irrespective of whether or not they contained detectable levels of the translational product.

Peanut plants in Queensland infected with tomato spotted wilt virus

1961 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Helms ◽  
NE Grylls ◽  
GS Purss
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Infective Virus ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Tagetes Minuta ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Wilt Virus

A disease of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Queensland, previously referred to as "chlorosis", was identified as being caused by the tomato spotted wilt virus. Symptoms of the disease on peanut are described. Erigeron bonariensis L., Tagetes minuta L., and Trifolium subterraneurn L. are recorded as new hosts. The disease was not seed-transmitted, although seeds developed lesions and were malformed. Infective virus was found in tissues of the integuments of immature seed. The maximum disease incidence recorded in an individual crop was 5.5%. The mean seed yield of diseased plants was 12.7 g per plant, whereas that of healthy plants was 128.2 g.

scholarly journals The First Report of Tomato spotted wilt virus on Gerbera and Chrysanthemun in Venezuela

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
pp. 1161-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Marys ◽  
A. Mejías ◽  
E. Rodríguez-Román ◽  
D. Avilán ◽  
T. Hurtado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Ornamental Crops ◽  
Wilt Virus

Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii) and Chrysanthemum (family Asteraceae) are two of the top 10 cut flowers of the world, with great commercial value. Since 1998, Venezuela began a floral industry to produce and export fresh cut gerbera and chrysanthemum, with 40% of nurseries concentrated in Altos Mirandinos (Miranda State, north central region of the country). For the past 2 years, greenhouse-grown gerbera and chrysanthemum have been observed displaying symptoms resembling those associated with tospoviruses. Symptomatic plants showed concentric rings, irregular chlorotic blotches, and deformation on leaves. Disease incidence was estimated at 30%. Mechanical inoculation with extracts of symptomatic leaves reproduced the typical concentric ring symptoms on indicator plants Arachis hypogaea L. cv. San Martín, Capsicum chinense, and G. jamesonii 6 to 15 days after inoculation. In initial tests, leaves from each 30 symptomatic gerbera and chrysanthemum species from several greenhouse facilities in Altos Mirandinos reacted positively when tested by DAS-ELISA with polyclonal antisera (ATCC, Rockville, MD) raised against Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). Total RNA was extracted with the RNeasy Plant Mini kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany) from two gerbera and two chrysanthemum ELISA-positive samples. The TSWV coat protein gene was amplified by conventional reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using primers CP1 TSWV (TTAACTTACAGCTGCTTT) and CP2 TSWV (CAAAGCATATAAGAACTT) (1). A single DNA product of ~823 bp was amplified from all samples. RT-PCR products were directly sequenced in both orientations and sequences were deposited in GenBank (Accession Nos. KF146700 and KF146701 derived from chrysanthemum, KF146702 and KF146703 derived from gerbera). The resulting sequences showed over 99% identity with each other. and were found to be closely related (over 99%) with TSWV isolates deposited in GenBank originating from different hosts from France (FR693058, FR693055), Montenegro (GU339506, GU339508, GU355940), Italy (HQ830187), New Zealand (KC494501), South Korea (KC261967), and the United States (AY744476). To our knowledge, this is the first confirmed report of TSWV infecting gerbera and chrysanthemum in Venezuela. The relatively widespread occurrence of TSWV in Miranda State underscores the need for systematic surveys to assess its incidence and impact on ornamental crops so that appropriate management tactics can be developed. Reference: (1) R. A. Mumford et al. J. Virol. Methods 57:109, 1996.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document