Composition and Decomposition of Peanut Residues in Georgia

Abstract Legumes typically mineralize rapidly and can contribute to nitrogen (N) requirements of succeeding crops, but limited information exists on the mineralizable N content of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) residue. The objective of this study was to determine net N mineralization from two types of peanut residue for two soil types. Aboveground peanut residue (cv. Georgia Green) was collected 1 d prior to digging (PRE) and immediately after peanut threshing (POST). Leaf and stem residues were mixed and analyzed for carbon (C), N, lignin, and cellulose. Peanut residue equivalent to 4.5 Mg/ha was applied to a Greenville fine sandy loam (fine, kaolinitic, thermic Rhodic Kandiudults) and a Tifton loamy sand (fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Plinthic Kandiudult) and aerobically incubated for 98 d in the dark at 25 C to determine C and N mineralization. Each soil was incubated simultaneously, with and without residue. PRE harvest residue had lower C, lignin, and cellulose concen-trations, but higher N concentrations than POST harvest residue. Differences in residue quality corresponded to differences in cumulative C mineralized and C turnover for the Tifton soil, but did not result in differences for cumulative N mineralized or relative N mineralized within either soil type. These data indicate that peanut residue will not supply significant amounts of N to a subsequent crop for these two soil types.

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Carbon and nitrogen mineralization in soil amended with non-tabletized and tabletized poultry manure

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/s99-101 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 80 (2) ◽

pp. 271-276 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

T. Paré ◽

H. Dinel ◽

M. Schnitzer

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Mineralization ◽

N Mineralization ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Carbon Mineralization ◽

Poultry Manure ◽

Net N Mineralization ◽

N Accumulation ◽

Suitable Alternative ◽

C And N Mineralization ◽

C And N

The recycling of poultry (Gallus gallus domesticus) manure (PM) needs to be done in a manner that will not only improve soil physical, chemical and biological properties but also minimize environmental risks. Untreated PM is more difficult to handle and more expensive to apply than granular fertilizers; the application of PM in the form of tablets may be a suitable alternative. It is necessary to determine whether C and N mineralization in tabletized PM (T-PM) differs from non-tabletized PM (NT-PM). Net C and N mineralization from a Brandon loam soil (Typic Endoaquoll) amended with NT-PM and T-PM, were measured in an incubation study at 25 °C. After 60 d of incubation, about 62 and 77% of total PM carbon was mineralized in NT-PM and T-PM amended soils, respectively. Carbon mineralization was not stimulated by the addition of PM tablets containing NPK to soil, while in soils mixed with NT-PM + NPK, soil respiration was reduced. Net N mineralization was similar in soils amended with T-PM and NT-PM, although changes in ammonium (NH4+–N) concentrations during incubation differed. Generally more NH4+–N accumulated in soil amended with T-PM and T-PM + NPK than with NT-PM and NT-PM + NPK The concentrations of nitrate (NO3−–N) did not differ in soils amended with T-PM and NT-PM, indicating a reduction in nitrification and NH4+–N accumulation in soils amended with PM tablets. Key words: Poultry manure, tablets, carbon mineralization, nitrogen mineralization, organic fertilizer

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Impact of Poultry Litter Cake, Cleanout, and Bedding following Chemical Amendments on Soil C and N Mineralization

International Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1155/2012/204629 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dexter B. Watts ◽

Katy E. Smith ◽

H. A. Torbert

Keyword(s):

N Mineralization ◽

Crop Production ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Poultry Litter ◽

N Availability ◽

C Mineralization ◽

Organic C ◽

Soil C ◽

C And N Mineralization ◽

C And N

Poultry litter is a great alternative N source for crop production. However, recent poultry litter management changes, and increased chemical amendment use may impact its N availability. Thus, research was initiated to evaluate the effect that broiler cake and total cleanout litter amended with chemical additives have on C and N mineralization. A 35-day incubation study was carried out on a Hartsells fine sandy loam (fine-loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Typic Hapludults) soil common to the USA Appalachian Plateau region. Three poultry litter components (broiler cake, total cleanout, and bedding material) from a broiler house were evaluated and compared to a soil control. Chemical amendments lime (CaCO3), gypsum (CaSO4), aluminum sulfate (AlSO4), and ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) were added to the poultry litter components to determine their impact on C and N mineralization. Litter component additions increased soil C mineralization in the order of broiler cake > total cleanout > bedding > soil control. Although a greater concentration of organic C was observed in the bedding, broiler cake mineralized the most C, which can be attributed to differences in the C : N ratio between treatments. Chemical amendment in addition to the manured soil also impacted C mineralization, with AlSO4generally decreasing mineralization. Nitrogen mineralization was also significantly affected by poultry litter component applications. Broiler cake addition increased N availability followed by total cleanout compared to soil control, while the bedding resulted in net N immobilization. Chemical amendments impacted N mineralization primarily in the broiler cake amended soil where all chemical amendments decreased mineralization compared to the no chemical amendment treatment. This short-term study (35-day incubation) indicates that N availability to crops may be different depending on the poultry litter component used for fertilization and chemical amendment use which could decrease N mineralization.

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Soil microbial biomass, C and N mineralization, and enzyme-activities in a hill pasture - Influence of grazing management

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr9950943 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 943 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

DJ Ross ◽

TW Speir ◽

HA Kettles ◽

KR Tate ◽

AD Mackay

Keyword(s):

Microbial Biomass ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

N Mineralization ◽

Microbial Biomass C ◽

N Availability ◽

Net N Mineralization ◽

High Background ◽

C And N Mineralization ◽

C And N ◽

Legume Growth

Grazing and fertilizer management practices are of prime importance for maintaining summer-moist hill pastures of introduced grasses and clovers in New Zealand for sheep and cattle production. The influence of withholding grazing (a pastoral fallow) from spring to late summer on microbial biomass, C and N mineralization, and enzyme activities was investigated in a Typic Dystrochrept soil from unfertilized and fertilized (rock phosphate and elemental S) low-fertility pastures at a temperate hill site. The fallow increased pasture but not legume growth in the following year in the unfertilized treatment, but had no effect on pasture or legume growth in fertilized plots. High background levels of the biochemical propel-ties examined, and very variable rates of N mineralization, complicated data interpretation. Extractable-C concentration and CO2-C production were enhanced at the completion of the fallow. Increases in net N mineralization (14-56 days incubation), following initial immobilization, after the fallow were clearly indicated in the unfertilized treatment, but were less distinct, in the fertilized treatment. The fallow had no detectable influence on the concentrations of total C and N or microbial C and P, or on invertase, phosphodiesterase and sulfatase activities. Some small changes in microbial N and an increased proportion of bacteria in the microbial population were, however, suggested. Results are consistent with the concept of fallowing giving a short-term increase in pools of readily decomposable soil organic matter. Generally, the changes that did occur in these soil biochemical properties are, with the partial exception of increased N availability, unlikely to have had any pronounced impact on subsequent pasture performance.

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Short-term effects of polyacrylamide and dicyandiamide on C and N mineralization in a sandy loam soil

Soil Use and Management ◽

10.1111/sum.12237 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 127-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C. Watson ◽

Y. Singh ◽

T. Iqbal ◽

C. Knoblauch ◽

P. Simon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

N Mineralization ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Sandy Loam Soil ◽

Short Term ◽

C And N Mineralization ◽

Loam Soil ◽

C And N ◽

Short Term Effects

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Effects of carbon and lime additions on mineralization of C and N in humus from cutovers of western red cedar–western hemlock forests on northern Vancouver Island

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x94-314 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 24 (12) ◽

pp. 2432-2438 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

C.E. Prescott ◽

M.A. McDonald

Keyword(s):

N Mineralization ◽

Potato Starch ◽

Western Hemlock ◽

N Availability ◽

Net N Mineralization ◽

Glucose Addition ◽

Red Cedar ◽

C And N Mineralization ◽

C And N ◽

Western Red Cedar

The potential for amendments of simple C compounds or lime to improve N availability in humus from cedar–hemlock cutovers was tested in laboratory incubations and a greenhouse bioassay. Rates of C and N mineralization in samples of humus and woody humus during aerobic incubations in the laboratory were not affected by additions of potato starch. Mineralization of C was stimulated and net N mineralization was reduced after glucose addition. Microorganisms in humus may not be capable of degrading starch, and simpler C sources such as glucose increase immobilization of N in microbial biomass. The biomass of seedlings of western red cedar (Thujaplicata Donn), western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), and Sitka spruce (Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) grown in pots containing cedar–hemlock humus amended with dolomitic lime was similar to the biomass of seedlings grown in unamended humus after 18 months. Seedlings grown in humus amended with N and P fertilizers were significantly larger than those grown in unamended or lime-amended humus. It is unlikely that applications of C or lime to cedar–hemlock cutovers would increase rates of N mineralization from humus. Additions of nutrients appear to be the only practical means of alleviating the nutrient supply problems on these sites.

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Enzymatic activity and mineralization of carbon and nitrogen in soil cultivated with coffee and green manures

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/s0100-06832010000500010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. 1573-1583 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Elcio Liborio Balota ◽

Julio César Dias Chaves

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Leucaena Leucocephala ◽

N Mineralization ◽

Urease Activity ◽

Tree Canopy ◽

C And N Mineralization ◽

Legume Cover Crops ◽

C And N ◽

Coffee Plants

There are great concerns about degradation of agricultural soils. It has been suggested that cultivating different plant species intercropped with coffee plants can increase microbial diversity and enhance soil sustainability. The objective of this study was to evaluate enzyme activity (urease, arylsulfatase and phosphatase) and alterations in C and N mineralization rates as related to different legume cover crops planted between rows of coffee plants. Soil samples were collected in a field experiment conducted for 10 years in a sandy soil in the North of Paraná State, Brazil. Samples were collected from the 0-10 cm layer, both from under the tree canopy and in-between rows in the following treatments: control, Leucaena leucocephala, Crotalaria spectabilis, Crotalaria breviflora, Mucuna pruriens, Mucuna deeringiana, Arachis hypogaea and Vigna unguiculata. The soil was sampled in four stages of legume cover crops: pre-planting (September), after planting (November), flowering stage (February) and after plant residue incorporation (April), from 1997 to 1999. The green manure species influenced soil enzyme activity (urease, arylsulfatase and phosphatase) and C and N mineralization rates, both under the tree canopy and in-between rows. Cultivation of Leucaena leucocephala increased acid phosphatase and arilsulfatase activity and C and N mineralization both under the tree canopy and in-between rows. Intercropped L. leucocephala increased urease activity under the tree canopy while C. breviflora increased urease activity in-between rows.

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Implications of carbon saturation model structure for simulated nitrogen mineralization dynamics

Biogeosciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/bgd-11-9667-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 9667-9695 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

C. M. White ◽

A. R. Kemanian ◽

J. P. Kaye

Keyword(s):

Soil Properties ◽

N Mineralization ◽

Storage Capacity ◽

Clay Content ◽

N Cycling ◽

Transfer Efficiency ◽

Net N Mineralization ◽

Saturation Ratio ◽

Carbon Saturation ◽

C And N

Abstract. Carbon (C) saturation theory suggests that soils have a~limited capacity to stabilize organic C and that this capacity may be regulated by intrinsic soil properties such as clay content and mineralogy. While C saturation theory has advanced our ability to predict soil C stabilization, we only have a weak understanding of how C saturation affects N cycling. In biogeochemical models, C and N cycling are tightly coupled, with C decomposition and respiration driving N mineralization. Thus, changing model structures from non-saturation to C saturation dynamics can change simulated N dynamics. Carbon saturation models proposed in the literature calculate a theoretical maximum C storage capacity of saturating pools based on intrinsic soil properties, such as clay content. The extent to which current C stocks fill the storage capacity of the pool is termed the C saturation ratio, and this ratio is used to regulate either the efficiency or the rate of C transfer from donor to receiving pools. In this study, we evaluated how the method of implementing C saturation and the number of pools in a model affected net N mineralization from decomposing plant residues. In models that use the C saturation ratio to regulate transfer efficiency, C saturation affected N mineralization, while in those in which the C saturation ratio regulates transfer rates, N mineralization was independent of C saturation. When C saturation ratio regulates transfer efficiency, as the saturation ratio increases, the threshold C : N ratio at which positive net N mineralization occurs also increases because more of the C in the residue is respired. In a single-pool model where C saturation ratio regulated the transfer efficiency, predictions of N mineralization from residue inputs were unrealistically high, missing the cycle of N immobilization and mineralization typically seen after the addition of high C : N inputs to soils. A more realistic simulation of N mineralization was achieved simply by adding a second pool to the model to represent short-term storage and turnover of C and N in microbial biomass. These findings increase our understanding of how to couple C saturation and N mineralization models, while offering new hypotheses about the relationship between C saturation and N mineralization that can be tested empirically.

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