scholarly journals Phenotypic and Molecular Evaluation of Interspecific Peanut (Arachis) Lines

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Anderson ◽  
G. Kochert ◽  
C. C. Holbrook ◽  
H. T. Stalker
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Resistant Disease ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus

Abstract Peanut breeders are constantly in search of new sources of genes that confer tolerance or resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses to improve the production and quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate peanut lines generated from interspecific crosses for amounts of wild species introgression, including genes for resistance to peanut root-knot nematodes, tomato spotted wilt virus and leaf spot diseases. Nine diploid Arachis species were crossed with peanut breeding lines and 130 different interspecific hybrid lines were developed. These lines were evaluated for the amount of introgression using RFLP analyses, plant morphology, and disease resistant phenotypes. Based on RFLPs, 41 lines showed measurable introgression and 12 hexaploid-derived lines were polymorphic for at least four probes. Greenhouse and field evaluations indicated that resistance was not present in the lines tested for tomato spotted wilt virus, early leaf spot, or Cylindrocladium black rot. However, resistance approaching that of the wild species was found for the peanut root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne arenaria) among lines derived from crosses with Arachis diogoi, A. correntina, A. batizocoi, and A. cardenasii. Introgression lines were resistant (disease ratings of 1.5 to 4.5 and lesion numbers 8 to 63) compared to Southern Runner (ratings of 5.5 to 6 and lesion numbers of nearly 500) for late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personation) in field evaluations performed in Gainesville, FL over 2 yr. The greatest resistance was found among lines from crosses with A. batizocoi, A. duranensis, A. stenosperma, A. magma, and A. diogoi. Results indicate that it should be possible to identify molecular markers to tag resistance genes for use in conventional breeding programs and stack these genes in highly productive peanut cultivars.

Variability in Field Response of Peanut Genotypes from the U.S. and China to Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus and Leaf Spots

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Albert K. Culbreath ◽  
Charles Y. Chen ◽  
Steve J. Knapp ◽  
C. Corley Holbrook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Total Incidence ◽  
Wilt Virus ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Tomato spotted wilt, caused by Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and transmitted by thrips, and early leaf spot and late leaf spot are among the most important diseases of peanut in the southeastern United States. The objective of this study was to compare field susceptibility of diverse peanut lines to TSWV and leaf spot pathogens for selection of lines for mapping population development. In field trials in 2007 and 2008, 22 genotypes were evaluated for reactions to TSWV and leaf spots. Early leaf spot was the predominate pathogen in both years. There was a near-continuous range of spotted wilt from 18% to 79% for the total incidence rating with any symptoms caused by TSWV. In general, NC94022, ‘Georganic’, C689-6-2, ‘Georgia-01R’, C724-19-25, TifGP-1, C11-154-61, C12-3-114-58, and ‘Tifguard’ were among the most resistant genotypes to TSWV, whereas GT-C20, GT-C9 and PE-2 were the most susceptible. Final percentage of defoliation by leaf spots ranged from 10% to 97% for both years. Genotypes C689-2, Georgia-01R, C12-3-114-58, C11-154-61, Tifguard and Georganic showed resistance to leaf spots, whereas ‘NC-6’, ‘Spancross’, GT-C9, GT-C20 and PE-2 were susceptible to leaf spots. There were 3 cultivars and 3 breeding lines classified as resistant to both TSWV and leaf spots; and there were 3 genotypes from China susceptible to both TSWV and leaf spots. These phenotypic disease reaction data can be used in conjunction with genetic characterization of these genotypes for development of recombinant inbred line populations in efforts to develop markers for resistance to TSWV and leaf spots.

scholarly journals High Levels of Field Resistance to Tomato spotted wilt virus in Peanut Breeding Lines Derived from hypogaea and hirsuta Botanical Varieties

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Culbreath ◽  
D. W. Gorbet ◽  
N. Martinez-Ochoa ◽  
C. C. Holbrook ◽  
J. W. Todd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus ◽  
Botanical Varieties

Variation Among Virginia Market-Type Peanut Genotypes in Susceptibility to Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Vectored by Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Riniker ◽  
R. L. Brandenburg ◽  
G. G. Kennedy ◽  
T. G. Isleib ◽  
D. L. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Breeding Line ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Wilt Virus

Abstract Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), a thrips-vectored tospovirus, is an important pathogen of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Development of tolerant cultivars has proven to be one of the most promising methods to manage the disease. Twenty-four genotypes of virginia market-type peanut were monitored in field tests for thrips damage, and TSWV incidence and severity during 2004 and 2005 in North Carolina. The cultivar Gregory had a higher density of adult thrips in foliage than any other genotype, while breeding lines N01057 and N03054E had the lowest density. No significant correlation was detected between thrips density or injury and TSWV incidence. Line N03036EJ had the greatest TSWV incidence, but did not differ from cultivars Gregory or Perry in incidence. Line N00033 had the least TSWV incidence and differed from the cultivars Gregory and Perry. The occurrence of late-season chlorosis or peanut yellowing death (PYD) was highly correlated with TSWV infection (P < 0.0001). Breeding line N02051ol had the greatest incidence of PYD, but did not differ statistically from Gregory or Perry. Lines N03023EF and N01083 had the least PYD incidence. Plants infected with TSWV not expressing foliar symptoms were found in far greater abundance than plants that were infected and symptomatic. Line N03036EJ had the greatest proportion of infected but asymptomatic plants; line N03054E had the least. Susceptible lines are more likely to become infected, rather than just more likely to show spotted wilt symptoms.

Sources of resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in cultivated and wild species of Capsicum

Euphytica ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 67 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Boiteux ◽  
T. Nagata ◽  
W. P. Dutra ◽  
M. E. N. Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus

scholarly journals New Breeding Lines Resistant to Tomato Mosaic Virus and Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus within the ‘De la Pera’ Tomato Type: UMH 1353 and UMH 1354

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago García-Martínez ◽  
Adrián Grau ◽  
Aranzazu Alonso ◽  
Fernando Rubio ◽  
Pedro Carbonell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Tomato Mosaic Virus ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus

scholarly journals Evaluation of peanut genotypes for resistance to Tomato spotted wilt virus by mechanical and thrips inoculation

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 937-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Cordeiro do Nascimento ◽  
Viboon Pensuk ◽  
Nivânia Pereira da Costa ◽  
Francisco Miguel de Assis Filho ◽  
Gilvan Pio-Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Mechanical Inoculation ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Ic 10 ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Wilt Virus

The objective of this work was to evaluate the reactions of three peanut breeding lines (IC-10, IC-34, and ICGV 86388) to Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) by mechanical and thrips inoculation, under greenhouse conditions, and compare them to the reactions of cultivars SunOleic, Georgia Green, and the breeding line C11-2-39. TSWV infection by mechanical inoculation was visually assessed using an index ranging from 0 (no symptoms) to 4 (apical death). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to confirm TSWV infection from both mechanical and thrips inoculations. IC-10, IC-34, ICGV 86388, and C11-2-39 were more resistant than the cultivars SunOleic and Georgia Green based on mechanical inoculation. Upon thrips inoculation only IC-34 and ICGV-86388 were infected by TSWV, as demonstrated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), although no symptoms of infection were observed. The peanut breeding lines IC-10, IC-34, and ICGV 86388 show higher level of resistance to TSWV than cultivar Georgia Green considered a standard for TSWV resistance.

scholarly journals Sixty-One Years Following Registration, Phorate Applied In-Furrow at Planting Suppresses Development of Late Leaf Spot on Peanut

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 2885-2890
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Anco ◽  
James S. Thomas ◽  
David L. Wright ◽  
Nicholas S. Dufault ◽  
Ian M. Small
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Significant Suppression ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Average Potential ◽  
Peanut Production ◽  
Wilt Virus

Late and early leaf spot are caused by Nothopassalora personata and Passalora arachidicola, respectively, and are damaging diseases of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) capable of defoliation and yield loss. Management of these diseases is most effective through the integration of tactics that reduce starting inoculum and prevent infection. The insecticide phorate was first registered in 1959 and has been used in peanut production for decades in-furrow at planting to suppress thrips. Phorate further provides significant suppression of Tomato spotted wilt virus infection beyond suppression of its thrips vector alone by activating defense-related responses in the peanut plant. From six experiments conducted from 2017 to 2019 in Blackville, SC, Reddick, FL, and Quincy, FL, significantly less leaf spot defoliation was exhibited on peanuts treated with phorate in-furrow at planting (26%) compared with nontreated checks (48%). In-season fungicides were excluded from five of the experiments, whereas the 2018 Quincy, FL, experiment included eight applications on a 15-day interval. Across individual experiments, significant suppression of defoliation caused by late leaf spot was observed from 64 to 147 days after planting. Although more variable within location-years, pod yield following phorate treatment was overall significantly greater than for nontreated peanut (2,330 compared with 2,030 kg/ha; P = 0.0794). The consistent defoliation suppression potential was estimated to confer an average potential net economic yield savings of $90 to $120 per hectare under analogous leaf spot defoliation. To our knowledge, these are the first data in the 61 years since its registration demonstrating significant suppression of leaf spot on peanut following application of phorate in-furrow at planting. Results support phorate use in peanut as an effective and economical tactic to incorporate to manage late and early leaf spot infections and development of fungicide resistance.

VARIATION IN SUSCEPTIBILITY TO TOMATO SPOTTED WILT VIRUS AMONG ADVANCED BREEDING LINES OF PEANUT (ARACHIS HYPOGAEA)

1996 ◽  
pp. 402-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K. Culbreath ◽  
J.W. Todd ◽  
D.W. Gorbet ◽  
W.D. Branch ◽  
C.C. Holbrook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus
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