Vertebral Body Sparing Craniospinal Irradiation for Pediatric Patients With Cancer of the Central Nervous System

Chronic lead encephalopathy must be considered in the differential diagnosis of pediatric patients who present with manifestations of schizophrenia, behavior disorders or degenerative diseases of the central nervous system. Determination of urinary coproporphyrin is a simple, fast screening procedure applicable to office practice. The prognosis for normal mental development following encephalopathy is poor. It is hoped that early recognition of the more subtle signs of central nervous system involvement will allow treatment to be instituted soon enough to prevent the crippling mental deterioration which is so often a sequela of lead poisoning.

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Abstract CT120: Radiotherapy in pediatric patients with atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor of the central nervous system

10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-ct120 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Melissa Frick ◽

Jane Minturn ◽

Yi-Mei Li ◽

Christine Hill-Kayser

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Rhabdoid Tumor ◽

Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumor ◽

Atypical Teratoid ◽

The Central Nervous System

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Galactomannan and PCR in the Central Nervous System to Detect Invasive Mold Disease - A Retrospective Analysis in Immunocompromised Children

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-49426-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Thomas Lehrnbecher ◽

Peter Michael Rath ◽

Andishe Attarbaschi ◽

Gunnar Cario ◽

Michaela Döring ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Infectious Complication ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Immunocompromised Patients ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Pcr Assays ◽

Work Up

Abstract Invasive mold disease (IMD) of the central nervous system (CNS) is a severe infectious complication in immunocompromised patients, but early microbiological diagnosis is difficult. As data on the value of biomarkers in the CNS are scarce, in particular in children, we retrospectively analyzed the performance of galactomannan (GM) and PCR assays in CNS samples of 15 children with proven and probable CNS IMD and of 32 immunocompromised children without fungal infection. Galactomannan in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was assessed in nine of the 15 pediatric patients and was positive in five of them. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed in eight of the 15 patients and detected nucleic acids from molds in six patients. Galactomannan and PCR in CNS samples were the only positive microbiologic parameter in the CNS in three and two patients, respectively. In four patients, PCR specified the pathogen detected in microscopy. Galactomannan and PCR results remained negative in the CSF of all immunocompromised children without evidence for CNS IMD. Our data suggest that GM and PCR in CNS specimens are valuable additional tools in diagnosing CNS IMD and should be included in the work up of all pediatric patients with suspected mold disease of the CNS.

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(1→3)-β-d-Glucan in Cerebrospinal Fluid as a Biomarker forCandidaandAspergillusInfections of the Central Nervous System in Pediatric Patients

Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society ◽

10.1093/jpids/piv014 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 277-286 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Christine M. Salvatore ◽

Tempe K. Chen ◽

Sima S. Toussi ◽

Patricia DeLaMora ◽

Ruta Petraitiene ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Nervous System ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

The Central Nervous System

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Primary malignant lymphoma of the central nervous system

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.1986.65.5.0600 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 65 (5) ◽

pp. 600-607 ◽

Cited By ~ 174

Author(s):

Kevin Murray ◽

Larry Kun ◽

James Cox

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Malignant Lymphoma ◽

Primary Tumor ◽

Craniospinal Irradiation ◽

Late Relapse ◽

Prior History ◽

Content Type ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Fine Print

✓ Eleven patients with primary malignant lymphoma of the central nervous system (CNS) were treated at the Medical College of Wisconsin Affiliated Hospitals between 1964 and 1984. Three patients had a prior history of immunosuppressive therapy following renal transplantation. All patients had biopsy-proven disease and 10 of the 11 were treated with external radiation therapy. The doses to the primary tumor ranged from 34 to 59.4 Gray (Gy). Actuarial (life-table) survival rate was 82% at 1 year and 43% at 3 years. No recurrence was seen after 13 months. Eighty-six reports totaling 693 cases of primary malignant lymphoma of the CNS were found in the literature. Of these, 308 cases were treated with a combination of surgery and irradiation. Overall survival at 5 years for those patients who received more than 50 Gy compared with less than 50 Gy to the primary tumor was 42.3% versus 12.8% (p < 0.05). Twenty-one patients survived longer than 5 years. Late relapse was notable, with 10 (47.6%) of 21 tumors recurring between 5 and 12.5 years after diagnosis. Based on this review, a minimum of 50 Gy radiation to the primary tumor is recommended. While no statement regarding the efficacy of craniospinal irradiation or chemotherapy can be made in view of the small numbers, the use of craniospinal irradiation and/or systemic chemotherapy should be considered for future trials.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Favorable outcomes of pediatric patients treated with radiotherapy to the central nervous system who develop radiation-induced meningiomas.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.9091973.9671073 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Sarah Donaldson ◽

Michael Olson

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Radiation Induced ◽

The Central Nervous System

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Modern Management of Central Nervous System Metastases in the Era of Targeted Therapy and Immune Oncology

American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book ◽

10.1200/edbk_241345 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. e59-e69 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Priscilla Brastianos ◽

Michael A. Davies ◽

Kim Margolin ◽

Helena A. Yu

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Targeted Therapy ◽

Brain Metastases ◽

New Era ◽

Patients With Cancer ◽

Whole Brain Radiation ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Considerable Morbidity ◽

Immune Oncology

Metastases to the central nervous system (CNS) are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. Historically, very few systemic therapies have shown efficacy in this patient population. Emerging data are now demonstrating that whole-brain radiation therapy, previously considered the mainstay of treatment of brain metastases, is associated with high rates of neurotoxicity. In this new era of targeted therapy and immunotherapy, clinical outcomes are improving, and patients are living longer. Despite these improvements, there is an urgent need to design central nervous system–penetrant compounds that target the genetic mutations enriched in brain metastases and to bring these to clinical trials.

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