Erector Spinae Block Versus PECS Block Type II for Breast Surgeries

Block type quay walls are widely used as port structures in the world. In this study three types of vertical block type quay walls with different block size exposed to seismic loading were investigated experimentally. The block ratios of Type I, Type II and III vertical wall models are B/h=2, 1.5 and 1.5 & H/h=6, 6 and 3, respectively. The tests were conducted in the shaking tank with different harmonic seismic loadings and the behaviors of these walls were investigated comparatively.

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Efficacy of Pectoral Nerve Block Type II for Breast-Conserving Surgery and Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study

Pain Research and Management ◽

10.1155/2018/4315931 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Doo-Hwan Kim ◽

Sooyoung Kim ◽

Chan Sik Kim ◽

Sukyung Lee ◽

In-Gyu Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymph Node ◽

Sentinel Lymph Node ◽

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy ◽

Breast Conserving Surgery ◽

Lymph Node Biopsy ◽

Control Group ◽

Block Type ◽

Type Ii ◽

Node Biopsy ◽

Pectoral Nerve

Objectives. The pectoral nerve block type II (PECS II block) is widely used for postoperative analgesia after breast surgery. This study evaluated the analgesic efficacy of PECS II block in patients undergoing breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNB). Methods. Patients were randomized to the control group (n=40) and the PECS II group (n=40). An ultrasound-guided PECS II block was performed after induction of anesthesia. The primary outcome measure was opioid consumption, and the secondary outcome was pain at the breast and axillary measured using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) 24 hours after surgery. Opioid requirement was assessed according to tumor location. Results. Opioid requirement was lower in the PECS II than in the control group (43.8 ± 28.5 µg versus 77.0 ± 41.9 µg, p<0.001). However, the frequency of rescue analgesics did not differ between these groups. Opioid consumption in the PECS II group was significantly lower in patients with tumors in the outer area than that in patients with tumors in the inner area (32.5 ± 23.0 µg versus 58.0 ± 29.3 µg, p=0.007). The axillary NRS was consistently lower through 24 hr in the PECS II group. Conclusion. Although the PECS II block seemed to reduce pain intensity and opioid requirements for 24 h after BCS and SNB, these reductions may not be clinically significant. This trial is registered with Clinical Research Information Service KCT0002509.

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Second‐degree atrioventricular block type II and third‐degree atrioventricular block requiring cardiac pacing after tooth extraction

Clinical Case Reports ◽

10.1002/ccr3.197 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 274-277 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Naotaka Kishimoto ◽

Tatsunori Toyonaga ◽

Motohiro Gotoh ◽

Junichiro Kotani

Keyword(s):

Atrioventricular Block ◽

Tooth Extraction ◽

Cardiac Pacing ◽

Block Type ◽

Type Ii ◽

Third Degree Atrioventricular Block ◽

Second Degree

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Pectoral Nerve Block Type II as the Sole Anesthetic for Removal of a Large Axillary Tumor

A & A Practice ◽

10.1213/xaa.0000000000001201 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. e01201

Author(s):

Peter Van de Putte ◽

Diederik Blockmans ◽

Carine De Rop ◽

Barbara Versyck

Keyword(s):

Nerve Block ◽

Block Type ◽

Type Ii ◽

Pectoral Nerve

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Case 136 SSS manifested by marked sinus bradycardia, S-A block (type II), and frequent ventricular escape beats associated with LBBB

Complex Arrhythmias: Self Assessment ◽

10.1159/000429122 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 275-276

Keyword(s):

Sinus Bradycardia ◽

Block Type ◽

Type Ii

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Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Modified Pectoral Nerve Blocks Type II (PECS II) for Vascular Access Port Implantation Using Cephalic Vein Venesection

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10245759 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (24) ◽

pp. 5759

Author(s):

Jarosław Janc ◽

Marek Szamborski ◽

Artur Milnerowicz ◽

Lidia Łysenko ◽

Patrycja Leśnik

Keyword(s):

Pain Intensity ◽

Vascular Access ◽

Cephalic Vein ◽

Block Type ◽

Type Ii ◽

Access Port ◽

Pectoral Nerve ◽

Port Implantation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

The vascular access port implantation procedure can be performed using the venesection method by inserting a catheter into the cephalic vein in the region of the deltopectoral groove. This method eliminates the need for catheter tunneling. An alternative method to infiltration anaesthesia for port implantation may be a modified pectoral nerve block type II (PECS II). This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of modified PECS II for vascular access port implantation using cephalic vein venesection. This retrospective observational study was conducted at the 4th Military Clinical Hospital in Wroclaw, Poland. A group of 114 patients underwent the modified PECS II block and additional cutaneous infiltration anesthesia at the incision line. Pain intensity was assessed on the NRS scale measured intraoperatively at four points. The QoR-15 questionnaire was used to assess patient satisfaction during the first 24 h after surgery. The operator’s condition assessment score was used to assess surgical conditions and operator comfort. The analysis showed that the median pain intensity during vascular port implantation was 0. A statistically significant difference in pain intensity was demonstrated between the specialist’s group and the resident’s group at the second and third measurement points (p < 0.008; p < 0.012). The mean value on the QoR-15 scale was 132. There was a significant difference between the pain scores of the groups. The mean score in the pain position in the specialist’s group was 18 points and in the resident’s group, it was 19 points (p < 0.029). In conclusion, the present study revealed that the modified PECS II block is an effective and safe method of anesthesia for Port-A-Cath implantation.

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EFFICACY OF PECTORAL NERVE BLOCK TYPE II VERSUS THORACIC PARAVERTEBRAL BLOCK FOR ANALGESIA IN BREAST CANCER SURGERY

Wiadomości Lekarskie ◽

10.36740/wlek202007129 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 73 (7) ◽

pp. 1470-1475

Author(s):

Volodymyr V. Martsiniv ◽

Oleg A. Loskutov ◽

Andriy M. Strokan ◽

Mihaylo V. Bondar

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Nerve Block ◽

Cancer Surgery ◽

Paravertebral Block ◽

Breast Cancer Surgery ◽

Block Type ◽

Type Ii ◽

Thoracic Paravertebral Block ◽

Pectoral Nerve ◽

Block Groups

The aim: to compare the efficacy of pectoral nerve block type II and thoracic paravertebral block for analgesia during and after breast cancer surgery. Materials and methods: Sixty adult women were undergoing unilateral radical mastectomy or quadrantectomy with axillary dissection. Patients were randomized to receive either pectoral nerve block with ropivacaine 0.375% 30 ml or thoracic paravertebral block with ropivacaine 0.5% 20 ml. Evaluated variables included pain intensity at 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours, intraoperative fentanyl, 24-hour postoperative opioid (promedol) and nonopioid (ketoprofen) consumption, the time to first rescue analgesia. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between pectoral block and paravertebral block groups in intraoperative fentanyl consumption 2,2 (1,81-2,81) vs 1,9 (1,63-2,25) mcg/kg/hour (Р>0,05) and in the pain intensity during the first 24 hours after operation. The mean postoperative 24-hour promedol and ketoprofen consumption was 4,0 (±8,14) mg vs 5,0 (±8,85) mg (Р>0,05) and 66,7 (±66,09) mg vs 95,8 (±90,78) mg (Р>0,05) in the pectoral and paravertebral block groups respectively. Time to the first analgesia request was longer in pectoral block group — 540 (455,0-600,0) min vs 515 (265,0-650,0) min (Р>0,05). There were no complications after pectoral blocks and 2 complications after paravertebral blocks. Conclusions: in breast cancer surgery pectoral nerve block type II can provide postoperative analgesia comparable to thoracic paravertebral block with lower complications rate.

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Fibronectin-independent adhesion of fibroblasts to extracellular matrix material: partial characterization of the matrix components

Journal of Cell Science ◽

10.1242/jcs.63.1.287 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 287-301

Author(s):

P.A. Harper ◽

P. Brown ◽

R.L. Juliano

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Matrix Material ◽

Block Type ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Matrix Component ◽

Tyrosine Residues ◽

The Matrix ◽

Dependent Type

Fibroblasts can adhere to extracellular matrix (ECM) material by fibronectin-dependent (type I) and fibronectin-independent (type II) mechanisms. In this report we investigate the biochemical characteristics of ECM that contribute to type II adhesion. ECM capable of mediating type II adhesions is produced primarily by normal diploid fibroblasts, but not by transformed cells or epithelial cells. Treatment of fibroblast ECM under conditions that result in the removal of most of the ECM lipid or most of the ECM glycosaminoglycan does not impair type II adhesion. Likewise, treatment of the ECM with large amounts of purified collagenase does not block type II adhesion. However, treatment of ECM with low doses of trypsin or with an agent that reacts with tyrosine residues, results in complete ablation of the ability of the ECM to support type II adhesion. On the basis of these observations we suggest that the matrix component(s) mediating type II adhesion are non-collagenous proteins or glycoproteins.

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