scholarly journals Today’s Offender, Tomorrow’s Victim

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andie Kurjata
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Environmental

This paper examines the link between victims and offenders and how these roles are often interchangeable when it comes to a youth’s involvement in crime. Usually, this connection is disregarded because of the focus on the immediate situation and not the youth’s experiences with both roles. Because of this strong association between offenders and victims, the focus of this paper is about what stops a victim from becoming an offender and vice versa. The aspects focused on are individual and social factors, as well as the interactions and overlap between these factors. Generally, it was found that the criminal justice system and social service supports tend to only focus on individual factors while ignoring the social environmental aspects. This paper demonstrates the importance of not only acknowledging a youth's role as both an offender and victim, but also the importance of addressing all aspects around how and why they got involved in criminal activity. By understanding the significance of these factors, this information can be used and integrated into the criminal justice system to help youth reduce their involvement in crime or to provide supports that address the cycle of victimization and offending.

Roadside drug testing: Incoherent policy or uncertainty by design?

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidan Ricketts
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Social Legitimacy ◽  
Driving Impairment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Negative Side Effects

Roadside drug testing regimes being implemented around Australia have been presented as essential for road safety but are compromised by significant policy incoherence. Prosecution based upon driving impairment has been replaced with prosecution based upon mere detection of a specified substance. The conflation of road safety and prohibition as the jurisprudential rationale for penalty by legislators is producing significant negative side effects for the criminal justice system and for the social legitimacy of the roadside testing process generally. Genuine impairment testing for drivers is important but it is not being achieved by the current procedures in place around Australia.

One Role of the Social Scientist in the Courtroom: The Maria Pitchford Case

1979 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-272
Author(s):  
Katherine Van Wormer
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Social Scientist ◽  
Jury Selection ◽  
Recent Trial ◽  
The Social

Sociologists have been involved in various aspects of the criminal justice system. The author examines the role of the sociologist in jury selection. Using as a background her involvement in a recent trial, she discusses the basic strategies involved in selecting a jury.

Thatcherism and Crime: The Beast That Never Roared?

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Farrall ◽  
Will Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Crime Rate ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Arms Race ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
The Social

This chapter explores the Thatcherite legacy for crime and the criminal justice system. We argue that, despite much of Thatcher’s rhetoric on ‘law and order’, most criminal justice activity during her period in office was essentially liberal (that is, progressive) in nature. Nevertheless, the social and economic policies pursued in the early to mid-1980s were, we argue, associated with rises in the crime rate, which in turn shifted public attitudes towards crime and the treatment of offenders. Coupled with the Labour party’s shift rightwards from the early 1990s and Blair’s focus on crime as a topic Labour ‘owned’ meant that both the Conservative and Labour parties were engaged in a crime ‘arms race’ towards policies which were in tune with the Thatcherite instinct on crime.

USLUGE CENTARA ZA SOCIJALNI RAD U PRIMENI VASPITNIH NALOGA I U IZVRŠENjU KRIVIČNIH SANKCIJA IZREČENIH MALOLETNIM UČINIOCIMA KRIVIČNIH DELA

2021 ◽  
pp. 169-184
Author(s):  
Snežana Soković ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Basic Type ◽  
Criminal Offence ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
The Social

The juvenile nature of the criminal offence perpetrator, due to its psychophysical characteristics, makes the phase of execution of criminal sanctions additionally delicate and very important and implies a system of execution based on special principles and special organization. The aim of this paper is to analyze the activities of the competent guardianship authorities, both in the phase of issuing educational orders and educational measures, and in the phase of their execution. The paper emphasizes that the realization of the "internal dynamics" of the system of educational measures, from the choice of a concrete measure to its suppression, with all intermediate modalities of cumulation, replacement and adjustment to changed execution conditions or achieved success, is made possible to the competent court through the cooperation with guardianship authorities. It is precisely in the field of application of educational measures, as the basic type of criminal sanctions for juvenile offenders, that the exceptional connection of the juvenile criminal justice system with the social protection system is most clearly seen.

Restitution of Victims by the Offenders

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 331-339
Author(s):  
Judith Karp
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Western World ◽  
Pressure Groups ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Collective Experience ◽  
Victims Of Crime

It is with great pleasure that I address you today at this Conference in Jerusalem. I believe that there is a profound symbolic meaning in putting the subject of victims of crime on the agenda of a conference in Israel, the homeland and the state of a people who, throughout history, have experienced much victimization.Unfortunately, it seems that the historical collective experience of victimization does not necessarily enhance the understanding of the phenomenon of victims of crime — neither that of secondary victimization by the criminal justice system itself nor the responsibility of society to address victims’ needs and problems.It seems that the criminal justice system in Israel, to a certain extent, is still detached from the victims rights movement which has been developing with growing impact during the last decade in the Western world. It is true that in recent years specific issues concerning victims of crime, such as violence in the family and child abuse, have been a topic of growing interest and action in Israel. As a result, legislation has been passed by the Knesset to deal with these issues and the groundwork for an infrastructure of social services is being laid. However, this does not appear to be a result of a genuine or widespread recognition of the social and legal importance of the commitment which a society should have towards the plight of crime victims. Rather, it seems to be more of a reaction to various political pressure groups.

The Criminal Justice Response to Policy Interventions: Evidence from Immigration Reform

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 214-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Bohn ◽  
Matthew Freedman ◽  
Emily Owens
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
San Antonio ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Policy Intervention ◽  
Immigration Reform ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
And Control ◽  
Criminal Justice Response

Changes in the treatment of individuals by the criminal justice system following a policy intervention may bias estimates of the effects of the intervention on underlying criminal activity. We explore the importance of such changes in the context of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA). Using administrative data from San Antonio, Texas, we examine variation across neighborhoods and ethnicities in police arrests and in the rate at which those arrests are prosecuted. We find that changes in police behavior around IRCA confound estimates of the effects of the policy and its restrictions on employment on criminal activity.

scholarly journals Out-Group Animus and Punitiveness in Latin America

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1161-1189
Author(s):  
Peter S. Lehmann ◽  
Cecilia Chouhy ◽  
Alexa J. Singer ◽  
Jessica N. Stevens ◽  
Marc Gertz
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Ethnic Conflict ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Social Threat ◽  
The Social ◽  
Racial Ethnic

The social threat perspective anticipates that members of racial/ethnic out-groups might be perceived as socially, politically, or economically threatening; criminally inclined; and in need of social control via the criminal justice system. In light of this framework, the current study examines the influence of out-group animus on punitive sentiments in the rarely explored context of Latin America. Data from the 2012 AmericasBarometer survey collected in nine countries ( N = 15,145) are analyzed, and the findings indicate that animus against foreigners, Blacks, and the Indigenous is positively associated with support for punitive measures. These results lend support for the social threat perspective and provide further evidence that this relationship might be a cultural universal in societies characterized by racial/ethnic conflict.

Commentary on Alexander (1993)

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 388-390
Author(s):  
SETH C. KALICHMAN
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sexually Violent

This commentary on Alexander's article concerning civil commitment of sex offenders concludes that the failure of the mental health sciences to define the psychosexual pathology of sexually violent adults has resulted in an inability to address these disturbances in the criminal justice system. This situation will likely contribute to the social threats posed by sexual offenders. It is suggested that researchers work to establish the mental illness parameters of sexual violence.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document