Optimalisasi Penghawaan Alami melalui Tata Ruang di Rumah Susun Bertingkat Rendah

ABSTRACTÂ Quality of natural ventilation in low rise public housing in Jakarta tends to be low. Situation mentioned above presumably caused by several case, among other form and unadequate opening placement, unadequate furniture placement, form and orientation of public housing mass and minimum building protection from sun radiation. Whereas natural ventilation have an importent role in increasing indoor air quality, increasing occupant healthy and help increasing electricity consumption eficiency. The objective of this research is attempt solving natural ventilation problems in low rise public housing architecturally through designs that could used for occupant activity precisely and presenting good natural ventilation simultaneously so it can support occupant activity in public housing as efficiently, comfortable, healthy and secure. Research begins with conduct an observation towards existing public housing in Jakarta through interview, documentation of existing public housing condition and studying public housing designs through working documents and related standards. Collecting climate data especially wind velocity conducted to get illustration of condition that take place in definite period. Those data then analyzed to produce a model formula of public housing building that tested later with computer. The result of research show that the problems of natural ventilation in low rise public housing can be solved by accurately building design that can adapt with surrounding nature. Quite significant positive change occurs after modification does to the existing unit. Hopefully government through certain official can produce public housing design which more optimal, especially in natural ventilation. People also could knowing the caused of natural ventilation problems inside the room also could solving it by simply, efficiently and accurately through the result of this research. Some advantages occupant could gained are good and prevalent airflow inside the room, reducing air conditioning equipment utilization frequency, less maintenance cost and can it can works all the time. Â Keywords: natural ventilation, sun radiation, electricity consumption efficiency, indoor air quality, low rise public housing, wind velocity

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Analysis of Thermal Comfort and Air Quality in the Kindergarten Hart - A Case Study of a Unique Sustainable Building Design

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.887.500 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 887 ◽

pp. 500-507

Author(s):

Matthias Schuss ◽

Mahnameh Taheri ◽

Ulrich Pont ◽

Ardeshir Mahdavi

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Thermal Comfort ◽

Indoor Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Natural Ventilation ◽

Building Design ◽

Present Contribution ◽

Ongoing Research ◽

Indoor And Outdoor

The present contribution, reports on the results of ongoing research efforts on performance assessment of a number of buildings designed by the Austrian architect, Konrad Frey. He is a pioneer of energy-efficient architecture, and his designs, those dating back to the 1970s, adapted the principles of modern solar houses. The current study focuses on the Kindergarten Hart, which was especially designed focusing on the availability of cross ventilation option in building. For the purpose of analyzing thermal comfort, indoor air quality, and the occupants’ adaptive actions with respect to natural ventilation, we conducted long-term monitoring under summer and winter conditions. The monitoring efforts covered indoor and outdoor environmental conditions, as well as the state of windows. Thereby, study of the monitored dataset provides a better understanding of the building performance. Moreover, it makes it possible to examine whether the architect’s expectations in terms of thermal comfort and indoor air quality levels are fulfilled or not. In addition, investigation of the occupants’ interactions with windows, together with indoor and outdoor environmental conditions, assists understanding of possible associations between the window opening/closing and environmental parameters, as well as potential optimization of the control-oriented actions.

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Assessing low energy school buildings using the new Building Bulletin 101

WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy ◽

10.32438/wpe.7019 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 43-52

Author(s):

Yingchun Ji ◽

Jiangtao Du

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Thermal Comfort ◽

Indoor Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Natural Ventilation ◽

Building Design ◽

Guidance Document ◽

School Building ◽

Learning And Teaching ◽

Design Alternatives

This paper reports an assessment of a school building design using the newly published Building Bulletin 101 2018. The requirements on thermal comfort and CO2 based indoor air quality from this new guidance document are very different from its earlier version published in 2006. Existing research reported that the new requirements are much tougher to meet compared with the previous version. The aim of this research is to examine whether design alternatives on an existing school building with 10 learning and teaching spaces can help in passing the new requirements using dynamic thermal simulation tool - IESVE. It is found that promoting ventilation, shading and night purging can all help mitigating overheating in the ten learning and teaching spaces evaluated. With the ‘as built’ condition, these learning and teaching spaces failed all three overheating criteria from the new BB101. Promoting ventilation can help some of the spaces pass the overheating occurrence criterion but not the overheating severity criteria. With added shading to block excessive solar gains, half of the evaluated spaces were able to pass the thermal comfort requirement. Boosting the night purging also helps to some extent in bridging the gap against the target requirements on overheating severity, however, there are still spaces which will not pass the comfort requirement. This may indicate that natural ventilation itself may not be able to provide thermal comfort for the given design. CO2 based indoor air quality requirements are less of an issue as higher CO2 concentrations always happen when the outdoor air temperature is low, boosting ventilation using automatic or manual control can easily resolve this. The research also highlights that one of the overheating criteria is much more difficult to meet, the appropriateness of this criterion is therefore in question. As the new BB101 was only launched very recently, it will be subject to further tests and evaluations in order to examine whether it fits for purpose.

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Natural ventilation may not improve indoor air quality

AccessScience ◽

10.1036/1097-8542.br0309202 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Natural Ventilation

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Effects of Climatic Conditions, Season and Environmental Factors on CO2 Concentrations in Naturally Ventilated Primary Schools in Chile

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13084139 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 4139

Author(s):

Muriel Diaz ◽

Mario Cools ◽

Maureen Trebilcock ◽

Beatriz Piderit-Moreno ◽

Shady Attia

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Building Design ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Indoor Environmental Quality ◽

Co2 Concentrations ◽

The Impact

Between the ages of 6 and 18, children spend between 30 and 42 h a week at school, mostly indoors, where indoor environmental quality is usually deficient and does not favor learning. The difficulty of delivering indoor air quality (IAQ) in learning facilities is related to high occupancy rates and low interaction levels with windows. In non-industrialized countries, as in the cases presented, most classrooms have no mechanical ventilation, due to energy poverty and lack of normative requirements. This fact heavily impacts the indoor air quality and students’ learning outcomes. The aim of the paper is to identify the factors that determine acceptable CO2 concentrations. Therefore, it studies air quality in free-running and naturally ventilated primary schools in Chile, aiming to identify the impact of contextual, occupant, and building design factors, using CO2 concentration as a proxy for IAQ. The monitoring of CO2, temperature, and humidity revealed that indoor air CO2 concentration is above 1400 ppm most of the time, with peaks of 5000 ppm during the day, especially in winter. The statistical analysis indicates that CO2 is dependent on climate, seasonality, and indoor temperature, while it is independent of outside temperature in heated classrooms. The odds of having acceptable concentrations of CO2 are bigger when indoor temperatures are high, and there is a need to ventilate for cooling.

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Window operation behaviour and indoor air quality during lockdown: A monitoring-based simulation-assisted study in London

Building Services Engineering Research and Technology ◽

10.1177/01436244211017786 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 014362442110177

Author(s):

Farhang Tahmasebi ◽

Yan Wang ◽

Elizabeth Cooper ◽

Daniel Godoy Shimizu ◽

Samuel Stamp ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Natural Ventilation ◽

Probabilistic Models ◽

Performance Model ◽

Outdoor Environment ◽

Ventilation Strategies ◽

The Impact

The Covid-19 outbreak has resulted in new patterns of home occupancy, the implications of which for indoor air quality (IAQ) and energy use are not well-known. In this context, the present study investigates 8 flats in London to uncover if during a lockdown, (a) IAQ in the monitored flats deteriorated, (b) the patterns of window operation by occupants changed, and (c) more effective ventilation patterns could enhance IAQ without significant increases in heating energy demand. To this end, one-year’s worth of monitored data on indoor and outdoor environment along with occupant use of windows has been used to analyse the impact of lockdown on IAQ and infer probabilistic models of window operation behaviour. Moreover, using on-site CO2 data, monitored occupancy and operation of windows, the team has calibrated a thermal performance model of one of the flats to investigate the implications of alternative ventilation strategies. The results suggest that despite the extended occupancy during lockdown, occupants relied less on natural ventilation, which led to an increase of median CO2 concentration by up to 300 ppm. However, simple natural ventilation patterns or use of mechanical ventilation with heat recovery proves to be very effective to maintain acceptable IAQ. Practical application: This study provides evidence on the deterioration of indoor air quality resulting from homeworking during imposed lockdowns. It also tests and recommends specific ventilation strategies to maintain acceptable indoor air quality at home despite the extended occupancy hours.

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Indoor Air Quality (IAQ): Accuracy of Natural Ventilation for Temperature, Air Flow Rate and Relative Humidity (RH) in School Building Classrooms

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i3.9.15271 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (3.9) ◽

pp. 42

Author(s):

Norsafiah Norazman ◽

Adi Irfan Che Ani ◽

Nor Haslina Ja’afar ◽

Muhamad Azry Khoiry

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Indoor Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Natural Ventilation ◽

Air Flow ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Potential Health ◽

The Hours ◽

Hot Weather

Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is an essential matter in achieving students’ satisfaction for the learning process. Building’s orientation is a factor that may encourage sufficient natural ventilation for the classroom occupants. Inadequate ventilation is an issue for most existing classrooms. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the accuracy of natural ventilation in classrooms. Therefore, experimental on 20 classrooms has been conducted by using Multipurpose Meter at secondary school buildings in Malaysia. The findings indicated that the accuracy of natural ventilation testing was below the permissible limits throughout the hours monitored, thus this may cause potential health hazards to the students. Temperature and air flow rates were lower than 23 °C and 0.15 m/s respectively, it fulfilled the basic requirements as a standard learning environment. However, measurements taken showed the overall relative humidity (RH) in the classrooms can be categorized as acceptable with 40% to 70% range. On the basis of these findings, it is evident that naturally ventilated classrooms are important especially due to energy efficiency, whereas mechanical ventilation should only be installed as an alternative under extremely hot weather conditions.

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The Potential of Natural Ventilation in Single-Sided Ventilated Apartment to Improve Indoor Thermal Comfort and Air Quality

ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, Parts A, B, and C ◽

10.1115/es2011-54129 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. F. Mohamed ◽

M. Behnia ◽

S. King ◽

D. Prasad

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Thermal Comfort ◽

Indoor Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Natural Ventilation ◽

Architectural Element ◽

Flat Design ◽

Effective Ventilation ◽

Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽

Ventilation Performance

Cross ventilation is a more effective ventilation strategy in comparison to single-sided ventilation. In the NSW Residential Flat Design Code1 (RFDC) the majority of apartments are required to adopt cross ventilation. However, in the case of studio and one-bedroom apartments, it is acknowledged that single-sided ventilation may prevail. Deep plan studio and one-bedroom apartments may achieve lower amenity of summer thermal comfort and indoor air quality where mechanical ventilation is not provided by air conditioning. Since compliance with the code may allow up to 40% of apartments in a development in Sydney to be single sided, it is important to understand the natural ventilation performance of such apartments. The objective of this paper is to investigate the natural ventilation potential in single-sided ventilated apartments to improve indoor air quality and thermal comfort. This investigation includes simulating various facade treatments involving multiple opening and balcony configurations. Balcony configurations are included in this study because, in Sydney, a balcony is a compulsory architectural element in any apartment building. The study uses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software to simulate and predict the ventilation performance of each apartment configuration. This study suggests that properly configured balconies and openings can significantly improve indoor ventilation performance for enhanced indoor air quality and thermal comfort, by optimizing the available prevailing wind. However, it is important to note that inappropriately designed fac¸ade treatments also could diminish natural ventilation performance.

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