Dairy cattle breeding in the Smolensk region is the most promising direction of development of agriculture. In this regard the purpose of the work has been to study and analyze the state of the breeding base in dairy cattle breeding in the region. Breeding base in the Smolensk region at present time is represented by three breeding farms (nucleuses) and 12 breeding farms fof breeding Brown Swiss, Sychevskaya, Vazuzskiy type of Sychevskaya breed, Holstein and Black-and-White breeds. In the breeding farms of the region in 2018 the number of cattle was 21 484 heads, which is by 19,4 % less than in 2017. The reduction of livestock has been occurred due to the reduction of cows by 15,4 % and reduction of offspring, but the sale of breeding young animals has been increased by 38 %. The term of economic use of cows according the breed has been varied from 3,2 (Holstein breed) to 4,7 calving (Brown Swiss). At intensive rearing of breeding heifers with their first fertilization at the age of 16– 18 months the average productivity of cows in the future may reach the level of 5500–6000 thousand kg of milk per lactation. Payback all costs under this is happening for 1,5–2,0 lactations. According to the valuation for 2018 highest yield of milk has been obtained in the herd in breeding farm OOO “Zolotaya Niva” (Holstein breed) – 9700 kg of milk and yield of fat 311 and protein 351 kg. Eff ective use of highly productive animals contributes to the improvement of the genealogical structure of the herd and the breed increases the chances of getting even more highly productive and valuable descendants.
CURRENT STATE AND KEY DEVELOPMENT TRENDS OF DAIRY CATTLE BREEDING IN RUSSIA
