scholarly journals On External Aid Effectiveness and School Enrolment: A Study on Sub-Saharan Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-311
Author(s):  
Aderopo Raphael Adediyan ◽  
Venus Nmakanmma Obadoni
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Aid Effectiveness ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
School Enrolment ◽  
External Aid ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Hiv Aids

This paper re-evaluates the external aid effectiveness on school enrolment in Sub-Saharan Africa and provides a piece of evidence on the relationship conditioned on the prevalence of malaria and HIV/AIDS. A panel dataset from 2010 to 2019 for 42 countries in sub-Saharan Africa was modelled and analyzed using a dynamic panel GMM technique. The results suggest a statistically significant positive effect of external aid on school enrolment – primary, secondary and tertiary school enrolment. However, when correlated with the HIV/AIDS and malaria diseases, the relationship turned insignificant and at best negative. That is, in the case where malaria and HIV/AIDS diseases are evident, external aid does not have a statistically significant positive impact on school enrolment. It therefore means that the level of aid effectiveness on school enrolment is contingent on malaria and HIV/AIDS diseases in the region. Hence, although the attraction of more external aid can increase school enrolment in Sub-Saharan Africa, it will be effective only if the HIV/AIDS and malaria diseases are eradicated.

scholarly journals Effective Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Education Programs in Sub-Saharan Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatch W. Kalembo ◽  
Maggie Zgambo ◽  
Du Yukai
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Reproductive Health Education ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: The objective of this review was to explore and identify feasible, socially acceptable and effective adolescent sexual and reproductive health education (ASRHE) programs in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: Four databases were searched to identify studies conducted within the past 15 years which evaluate the effectiveness of ASRHE programs in sub-Saharan Africa. The databases searched were Embase, Medline, CINAHL, PyscINFO. A further search for relevant articles was made in the Google scholar website. The title and abstract of each article were analyzed for relevance by applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Further scrutiny and extraction of the studies was completed by selecting only those studies which met the criteria for inclusion. Results: Fifteen studies were identified. School, peer, mass media, health facility and community based ASRHE programs showed positive impact in one or more of the following outcomes in adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa: ( i) knowledge of HIV transmission; (ii) perceived personal risk of contracting HIV/ AIDS; (iii) self-efficacy to negotiate condom use; (iv) discussion with others about HIV/AIDS or condom use; (v) abstinence from sexual relations; (vi) reduction in high-risk sexual behavior; (vii) condom use (vii) testing for sexually transmitted infection (STI) and (viii) treatment seeking behavior. Conclusion: ASRHE programs of diverse forms can produce positive change in adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH). There is need for rigorous research to assess long term behavioral effects of culturally tailored comprehensive ASRHE programs in sub-Saharan Africa.

scholarly journals Trade and FDI thresholds of CO2 emissions for a Green economy in sub-Saharan Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simplice Asongu ◽  
Nicholas M. Odhiambo
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Fdi Inflows ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Generalised Method Of Moments ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This study aims to focus on assessing how improving openness influences carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Design/methodology/approach This study focusses on 49 countries in SSA for the period 2000–2018 divided into: 44 countries in SSA for the period 2000–2012; and 49 countries for the period 2006–2018. Openness is measured in terms of trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows. The empirical evidence is based on the generalised method of moments. Findings The following main findings are established. First, enhancing trade openness has a net positive impact on CO2 emissions, while increasing FDI has a net negative impact. Second, the relationship between CO2 emissions and trade is a Kuznets shape, while the nexus between CO2 emissions and FDI inflows is a U-shape. Third, a minimum trade openness (imports plus exports) threshold of 100 (% of gross domestic product (GDP)) and 200 (% of GDP) is beneficial in promoting a green economy for the first and second samples, respectively. Fourth, FDI is beneficial for the green economy below critical masses of 28.571 of net FDI inflows (% of GDP) and 33.333 of net FDI inflows (% of GDP) for first and second samples, respectively. It follows from findings that while FDI can be effectively managed to reduce CO2 emissions, this may not be the case with trade openness because the corresponding thresholds for trade openness are closer to the maximum limit. Originality/value This study complements the extant literature by providing critical masses of trade and FDI that are relevant in promoting the green economy in SSA.

scholarly journals Relationship among HIV/AIDS Prevalence, Human Capital, Good Governance, and Sustainable Development: Empirical Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamiu Adetola Odugbesan ◽  
Husam Rjoub
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Capital Good ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hiv Aids

: Sub-Saharan Africa is regarded as the region that accommodates about 75% of the world HIV/AIDS prevalence as of 2016. Research on the relationship between the epidemic and sustainable development is scant in this part of the world, as available literature is dominated by studies that focus on HIV and economic growth. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between sustainable development and HIV/AIDS prevalence, along with other determinants of sustainable development, such as good governance and human capital in 26 sub-Saharan Africa countries over a 27-year period from 1990—2016. The pooled mean group (PMG) estimator was employed for analysis after it was confirmed by the Hausman test for the estimation of the relationship among the variables. The results revealed a unidirectional long-run and significant relationship between HIV/AIDS prevalence and sustainable development, human capital and good governance, and human capital and sustainable development. Also, a bidirectional long-run relationship was found between good governance and HIV/AIDS prevalence. Estimation of subgroups provides a robustness check for our findings. Therefore, the paper gives new insight to the government of sub-Saharan Africa countries and major stakeholders about how to attain sustainable development in the region, while intensifying efforts on reducing HIV/AIDS prevalence, and at the same time ensuring effective good governance and human capital development.

scholarly journals HIV and cardiovascular disease in sub-Saharan Africa: Demographic and Health Survey data for 4 countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard E. Egede ◽  
Rebekah J. Walker ◽  
Patricia Monroe ◽  
Joni S. Williams ◽  
Jennifer A. Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Investigate the relationship between two common cardiovascular diseases and HIV in adults living in sub-Saharan Africa using population data provided through the Demographic and Health Survey. Methods Data for four sub-Saharan countries were used. All adults asked questions regarding diagnosis of HIV, diabetes, and hypertension were included in the sample totaling 5356 in Lesotho, 3294 in Namibia, 9917 in Senegal, and 1051 in South Africa. Logistic models were run for each country separately, with self-reported diabetes as the first outcome and self-reported hypertension as the second outcome and HIV status as the primary independent variable. Models were adjusted for age, gender, rural/urban residence and BMI. Complex survey design allowed weighting to the population. Results Prevalence of self-reported diabetes ranged from 3.8% in Namibia to 0.5% in Senegal. Prevalence of self-reported hypertension ranged from 22.9% in Namibia to 0.6% in Senegal. In unadjusted models, individuals with HIV in Lesotho were 2 times more likely to have self-reported diabetes (OR = 2.01, 95% CI 1.08–3.73), however the relationship lost significance after adjustment. Individuals with HIV were less likely to have self-reported diabetes after adjustment in Namibia (OR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.12–0.72) and less likely to have self-reported hypertension after adjustment in Lesotho (OR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.47–0.83). Relationships were not significant for Senegal or South Africa. Discussion HIV did not serve as a risk factor for self-reported cardiovascular disease in sub-Saharan Africa during the years included in this study. However, given the growing prevalence of diabetes and hypertension in the region, and the high prevalence of undiagnosed cardiovascular disease, it will be important to continue to track and monitor cardiovascular disease at the population level and in individuals with and without HIV. Conclusions The odds of self-reported diabetes in individuals with HIV was high in Lesotho and low in Namibia, while the odds of self-reported hypertension in individuals with HIV was low across all 4 countries included in this study. Programs are needed to target individuals that need to manage multiple diseases at once and should consider increasing access to cardiovascular disease management programs for older adults, individuals with high BMI, women, and those living in urban settings.

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