Labor and environment in global value chains: an evolutionary policy study with a three-sector and two-region agent-based macroeconomic model

The world economy crucially depends on multi-layered value chains with high degrees of sector-related specialization. Its final products are of international character and serve the needs and wants of the global citizen. However, many production processes are causing severe damage to the environment and moreover create health hazard for workers and local populations. This research article focuses on the increasing global unequal economic- and ecological exchange, fundamentally embedded in international trade. Resource extraction and labor conditions in the Global South as well as the implications for climate change originating from industry emissions in the North are investigated with an agent-based model. The model serves as a testbed for simulation experiments with evolutionary political economic policies. An international institution is introduced sanctioning the polluting extractivist sector in the Global South as well as the emitting industrial capital good producers in the North with the aim of subsidizing innovation reducing environmental and social impacts. Both regions are modelled as macroeconomic complex adaptive systems where international trade is restricted to a three-sector value chain, originating from mining resources in the South that are traded to capital good producers in the North crafting machinery which is eventually traded to consumer good firms, both in the North and South. The main outcome of the study is that sanctions alone are not effective in countering unequal exchange. They only make a difference in combination with subsidies for innovation activities, which are protecting labor and reducing local pollution in mines as well as reducing carbon-emissions in capital good production.

Future-oriented Waste Management Technology for Ward-6, Bogura, Bangladesh – A Step Towards Sustainability

Rapid urbanization combined with high economic growth, industrialization, and changes in socio-economic conditions increase the quantity of municipal solid waste. Cities located in South-Asia are facing serious issues due to waste, with countries like India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan top of the list of bad waste management. The increasing generation of solid waste and also the improper management of waste in Bangladesh leads to environmental degradation. Current waste management practice in Bangladesh is so weak that day by day it is harming the climate and creating a lot of unwanted situations. This research consists of an examination of the current administrative measures and presents another proposition for the executive cycle to decrease ecological contamination. The research study aims to decrease the amount of waste being dumped into municipal sanitary landfill sites & converting the waste into energy which is both financially and environmentally suitable by involving unemployed people in the management system. The results of this study will give an idea of how waste can be utilized as a resource and how this resource can be a capital good as well as how the local level problems can be solved by taking some strategies and making our environment suitable for future generations.

The Determinants of Firm Value and Financial Performance in Islamic Stocks

<em>One of the company's long-term goals is to maximize the firm value. It is the present value of the company, which can be a prospect in the future. Therefore, the problem in this study is the factors that affect the company's value in the Jakarta Islamic Index for 2015-2019. This study analyzes the influence of Intellectual Capital, Good Corporate Governance, and Debt to Equity Ratio on Firm Value directly and indirectly through Financial Performance. The data used in this study is panel data using purposive sampling, and there are 17 stocks listed on the Jakarta Islamic Index for 2015-2019 period. The analysis technique of this research is Partial Least Square. The test results of the direct effect show that Intellectual Capital, Debt to Equity Ratio, and Financial Performance have a significant impact on Firm Value on the Jakarta Islamic Index. Corporate governance has a substantial effect on Financial Performance. Meanwhile, indirect testing proves that the Financial Performance variable can only mediate the impact of Corporate Governance on Firm Value. However, it cannot mediate between the relationship between the variable intellectual capital and debt ratio to equity.</em>

The influence of intellectual capital, good corporate governance and accounting conservatism on company’s financial performance

Purpose - This research aimed to determine the effect of intellectual capital, good corporate governance (board of commissioners, independent commissioners and managerial ownership) and accounting conservatism on company financial performance (study of companies listed on the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) in 2017-2019).Method - The population in this research was 42 companies registered in JII 2017-2019. Purposive sampling method was used for sample selection and 16 companies were selected. This research used secondary data with multiple regression model data analysis.Result - The results of this research stated that intellectual capital had a positive and significant effect on the company's financial performance. Good corporate governance as measured by the board of commissioners, independent commissioners and managerial ownership had a negative but insignificant effect on the company's financial performance, and accounting conservatism had a positive but insignificant effect on the company's financial performance.Implication - Companies registered in JII are advised to improve the financial performance of their companies, especially those listed in 2017-2019.Originality - The secondary data sources used in this research were obtained from the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI), namely www.idx.co.id.

From the necessity of being human to the possibility of pursuing a good life: cognitive enhancement and the emergence of personhood

Throughout human history, cognition enhancement has not only been a constant, but also imperative for our species evolution and well-being. However, philosophical assumptions that enhancing cognition by biomedical means goes against some immutable human nature, combined with the lack of conclusive data about its use on healthy individuals and long-term effects, can sometimes result in prohibitive approaches. In this context, the authors seek to demonstrate that cognition enhancement, whether by “natural” or biotechnological means, is essential to the emergence of personhood, and to existence of an autonomous life that is guided by a person’s own conception of the good. In order to do so, the main possibilities of enhancing cognition through biotechnologies, along with its benefits and potentialities, as well as its risks and limitations, will be presented. Following Savulescu and Sandberg’s account on cognitive enhancement, it will be argued that it constitutes both a consumption good, being desirable and happiness-promoting to have well-functioning cognition, and a capital good that reduces risks, increases earning capacity, and forms a key part of human capital. Finally, having in mind that progress in the field of biotechnology aimed at cognition enhancement may improve a person’s (and society’s) well-being, the authors will argue that further research in the field is necessary, especially studies that takes into consideration dimensions such as dose, individual characteristics and task characteristics.

PENGARUH INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL, GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN PERBANKAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh intellectual capital, good corporate governance, dn ukuran perusahaan terhadap kinerja keuangan pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2015-2019. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dengan tehnik dokumentasi yang diperoleh melalui annual report yang dipublikasikan di Bursa Efek Indonesia.. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah Analisis Regresi Berganda. Hasil uji secara parsial (uji t) menunjukkan intellectual capital berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja keuangan, good corporate governance berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja keuangan, dan ukuran perusahaan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja keuangan. Hasil uji secara simultan (uji F) menunjukkan bahwa variabel intellectual capital, good corporate governance, dan ukuran perusahaan secara bersama-sama berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja keuangan pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI).

Intellectual Capital, Good Corporate Governance, Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responbility dan Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan

This study was conducted to examine the effect of intellectual capital, good corporate governance and disclosure of corporate social responsibility on the financial performance of companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2014-2016 period. This research is associative research. The population of this study was 90 companies and was observed during 2014 to 2016. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling. Based on this technique, 30 companies were obtained as samples. The data collection method used in this study is a non-participant observation method. The researcher used multiple linear regression as an analysis technique. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that Intellectual Capital has no effect on financial performance, good corporate governance and disclosure of corporate social responsibility influences financial performance. Keywords: Intellectual Capital; Good Corporate Governance; Corporate Social Responsibility; Financial Performance.

The Effect of Intellectual Capital and Good Corporate Governance on Company Value Mediated by Competitive Advantage

This study examines the effect of the relationship between intellectual capital, good corporate governance, and firm value by using competitive advantage as mediation. Design/methodology/approach : This study uses a sample of companies registered in CGPI during the 2014-2018 period. Data analysis using regression and path analysis.Research findings : The research results show that the creation of a competitive advantage is inseparable from the role of intellectual capital and good corporate governance. In addition, competitive advantage is able to increase firm value but unfortunately it is not able to mediate company value.Theoretical contribution/ Originality : This study uses M-VAIC to measure intellectual capital where in this measurement there is additional relational capital, and the use of competitive advantage as a mediating variable.Practitioner/Policy implication : This study proves the resourced-based theory which states that a company can win the competition by having a competitive advantage so that in the end it can increase firm value.Research limitation/Implication: This study only includes CGPI listed companies as the research sample. In addition, the independent variables used are limited to intellectual capital and good corporate governance. Keywords: intellectual capital, good corporate governance, competitive advantage, company value

Intellectual capital for green accounting in agribusiness

Agribusiness organizations have gained an understanding of the need to promote environmentally friendly actions for the present and the future. Green accounting (GA) or environmental accounting is a new branch of accounting that attempts to factor costs related to the environment into the financial results of various operations. The concept of intellectual capital (IC) describes all the resources or capital that determines an organization’s value and competitiveness. The implementation of GA principles in an agribusiness organization is a cross-disciplinary work that entails sustainability, accounting, and other fields of research. Thus, competent farmers (human capital), good relationships with stakeholders (relational capital), structural changes (organizational capital), and innovativeness (innovation capital) all of which are concepts of IC are needed for the implementation of environmental sustainability policies and procedures within an organization. This conceptual paper explores key success factors for the GA from the IC perspective. We proposed that, for different reasons and logic, the human, customer, organizational, innovation, and process capitals all play roles as key success factors for good implementation of GA in agribusiness.

Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Nilai Perusahaan dengan Profitabilitas sebagai Variabel Intervening

This study aims to analyze the factors that affect Company Value by using profitability as an Intervening Variable. The research data was obtained from the annual financial statements of the banking sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016 to 2018. Data analysis used path analysis techniques. The analysis shows that the intellectual capital variable measured by VAICTM has no effect on profitability that is proxied by ROE and the value of the company is measured using the total amount of assets, this is because there are still many companies that do not pay attention to intellectual capial on their companies, companies tend to pay more attention tangible assets while Good corporate governance which is proxied by the number of audit committees only has a significant effect on firm value while profitability (ROE) has a significant effect on firm value. Keywords: Company Value; Profitability; Intellectual Capital; Good Corporate Governance.