Dosimetry and Radioenhancement Comparison of Gold Nanoparticles in Kilovoltage and Megavoltage Radiotherapy using MAGAT Polymer Gel Dosimeter

Background: Numerous unique characteristics of the nanosized gold, including high atomic number, low toxicity, and high biocompatibility make it one of the most appropriate nanostructures to boost radiotherapy efficacy. Many in-vivo and in-vitro investigations have indicated that gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can significantly increase tumor injuries in low kilovoltage radiotherapy. While deep-lying tumors require much higher energy levels with greater penetration power, and investigations carried out in megavoltage energy range show contradictory results.Objective: In this study, we quantitatively assess and compare dose enhancement factors (DEFs) obtained through AuNPs under radiation of Cobalt-60 source (1.25MeV) versus Iridium-192 source (0.380 KeV) using MAGAT gel dosimeter.Material and Methods: MAGAT polymer gel in both pure and combined with 0.2 mM AuNPs was synthesized. In order to quantify the effect of energy on DEF, irradiation was carried out by Co-60 external radiotherapy and Ir-192 internal radiotherapy. Finally, readings of irradiated and non-irradiated gels were performed by MR imaging.Result: The radiation-induced R2 (1/T2) changes of the gel tubes doped with AuNPs compared to control samples, upon irradiation of beams released by Ir-192 source showed a significant dose enhancement (15.31% ±0.30) relative to the Co-60 external radiotherapy (5.85% ±0.14).Conclusion: This preliminary study suggests the feasibility of using AuNPs in radiation therapy (RT), especially in low-energy sources of brachytherapy. In addition, MAGAT polymer gel, as a powerful dosimeter, could be used for 3D visualization of radiation dose distribution of AuNPs in radiotherapy.

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Strahlenbiologie

Nuklearmedizin ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1626535 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 49 (S 01) ◽

pp. S5-S10

Author(s):

L. Oehme ◽

J. Kotzerke

Keyword(s):

Time Course ◽

Target Volume ◽

Quadratic Model ◽

External Radiotherapy ◽

Linear Quadratic ◽

Radiation Quality ◽

Internal Radiotherapy ◽

Conventional Fractionation

SummaryRadiotherapy with unsealed radionuclides differs from external radiotherapy with regard to the radiation quality and energy range, the regional dose uniformity and the time course of irradiation regimen. External radiotherapy is planned precisely and can be applied to a target volume independently from blood flow during a course of irradiation fractions. In contrary, administered radiopharmaceuticals distribute according to their pharmacokinetic properties and generate a continuous irradiation corresponding to the effective halflife. The resulting dose rates are approximately 1 Gy/min and 1 Gy/h, respectively. The bio – kinetics of radiopharmaceuticals involves cellular accumulation and retention with highly variable affinity to specific organs that can be modulated as well. A remarkable dose gradient is found at the edge of volumes with enhanced uptake. The biological effect of an irradiation with decreasing intensity can be compared with the radiation effect caused by conventional fractionation with 2 Gy a day in external beam therapy by means of the linear-quadratic model. However, the experimental validation of this translation is still under investigation. Radionuclide therapy is usually performed in several cycles some month apart. This procedure fails to meet external radiotherapy. The vision of a combined external-internal radiotherapy requires efforts for a common dosimetry approach both in vitro and in vivo with a physical and biological verification of the results.

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Radiosensitization of Prostate Cancers In Vitro and In Vivo to Erbium-filtered Orthovoltage X-rays Using Actively Targeted Gold Nanoparticles

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-017-18304-y ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Allison M. Khoo ◽

Sang Hyun Cho ◽

Francisco J. Reynoso ◽

Maureen Aliru ◽

Kathryn Aziz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

X Rays ◽

Prostate Cancers

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Biocompatibility of gold nanoparticles: In-vitro and In-vivo study

Materials Today Proceedings ◽

10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.826 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 3041-3045

Author(s):

Rua J. Kadhim ◽

Esraa H. Karsh ◽

Zainab J. Taqi ◽

Majid S. Jabir

Keyword(s):

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

In Vivo Study

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In vitro and in vivo applications of Euphorbia wallichii shoot extract-mediated gold nanospheres

Green Processing and Synthesis ◽

10.1515/gps-2021-0013 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 101-111

Author(s):

Rehman Ullah ◽

Sumaira Shah ◽

Zahir Muhammad ◽

Sajjad Ali Shah ◽

Shah Faisal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Muscular Contraction ◽

Surface Plasmon Resonance Peak ◽

Plasmon Resonance Peak ◽

Optical Absorption Peak ◽

Visible Spectra ◽

Scattering Spectra ◽

Dose Dependent

Abstract The current study was designed to investigate the potential of Euphorbia wallichii shoot extract for reducting Au3+ and stabilizing gold nanoparticles. UV-visible spectra of gold nanoparticles showed obvious surface plasmon resonance peak at 548 nm. Microscopy (SEM and TEM) showed spherical dimensions, and the energy dispersive X-ray spectra displayed the strongest optical absorption peak for gold (Au) at 2.1 keV. Dynamic light scattering spectra represent polydispersed mixture with particulate diameter of 2.5–103.2 nm. The IR spectra confirm the potential functional groups of shoot extract responsible for the reduction of Au3+ to gold nanoparticles which exhibit tremendous antibacterial potential of 76.31%, 68.47%, 79.85%, 48.10%, and 65.53% against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus pumilus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, respectively. Gold nanoparticles showed markedly elevated fungicidal potency compared to the shoot extract alone against the tested fungal strains. IC50 for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging was 31.52, 18.29, and 15.32 µg/mL at 30, 60, and 90 min of reaction time, respectively. Both shoot extract and nanoparticles revealed 71% mortality at 100 µg/mL, with LD90 values of 310.56 µg/mL. Experimental mice acquired dose-dependent analgesia of 54.21%, 82.60%, and 86.53% when treated with gold nanoparticles at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg bw. Inhibition of gastrointestinal muscular contraction was 21.16%, 30.49%, and 40.19% in mice feed with 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg bw, respectively.

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In vitro and in vivo biocompatibility study of polyacrylate TiO2@Ag coated nanoparticles for the radiation dose enhancement

Artificial Cells Nanomedicine and Biotechnology ◽

10.1080/21691401.2021.1889574 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 185-193

Author(s):

Ateeque Ur Rehman ◽

Muhammad Hassan ◽

Sadia Bano ◽

Khizir Farooq ◽

Aun Raza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radiation Dose ◽

Dose Enhancement ◽

Coated Nanoparticles ◽

Biocompatibility Study

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Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Polymerized Anionic Corona on Gold Nanoparticles for Anti-Cancer Therapy

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics12030261 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 261

Author(s):

Wei Mao ◽

Sol Lee ◽

Ji Un Shin ◽

Hyuk Sang Yoo

Keyword(s):

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Transfection Efficiency ◽

Cancer Therapeutics ◽

Atom Transfer ◽

Layer By Layer ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Metallic Particles ◽

Anti Cancer

Surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) documented a simple but efficient technique to grow a dense polymer layer on any surface. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) give a broad surface to immobilize sulfhyryl group-containing initiators for SI-ATRP; in addition, AuNPs are the major nanoparticulate carriers for delivery of anti-cancer therapeutics, since they are biocompatible and bioinert. In this work, AuNPs with a disulfide initiator were polymerized with sulfoethyl methacrylate by SI-ATRP to decorate the particles with anionic corona, and branched polyethyeleneimine (PEI) and siRNA were sequentially layered onto the anionic corona of AuNP by electrostatic interaction. The in vitro anti-cancer effect confirmed that AuNP with anionic corona showed higher degrees of apoptosis as well as suppression of the oncogene expression in a siRNA dose-dependent manner. The in vivo study of tumor-bearing nude mice revealed that mice treated with c-Myc siRNA-incorporated AuNPs showed dramatically decreased tumor size in comparison to those with free siRNA for 4 weeks. Furthermore, histological examination and gene expression study revealed that the decorated AuNP significantly suppressed c-Myc expression. Thus, we envision that the layer-by-layer assembly on the anionic brushes can be potentially used to incorporate nucleic acids onto metallic particles with high transfection efficiency.

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Evaluation of the in vitro and in vivo proinflammatory activities of gold (+) and gold (−) nanoparticles

Inflammation Research ◽

10.1007/s00011-017-1078-7 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 66 (11) ◽

pp. 981-992 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Isabelle Durocher ◽

Claudie Noël ◽

Valérie Lavastre ◽

Denis Girard

Keyword(s):

Gold Nanoparticles

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Exposure to airborne gold nanoparticles: a review of current toxicological data on the respiratory tract

Journal of Nanoparticle Research ◽

10.1007/s11051-020-04966-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Barbara De Berardis ◽

Magda Marchetti ◽

Anna Risuglia ◽

Federica Ietto ◽

Carla Fanizza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Human Health ◽

Large Scale ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Engineered Nanoparticles ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Field Exposure ◽

The Impact

AbstractIn recent years, the introduction of innovative low-cost and large-scale processes for the synthesis of engineered nanoparticles with at least one dimension less than 100 nm has led to countless useful and extensive applications. In this context, gold nanoparticles stimulated a growing interest, due to their peculiar characteristics such as ease of synthesis, chemical stability and optical properties. This stirred the development of numerous applications especially in the biomedical field. Exposure of manufacturers and consumers to industrial products containing nanoparticles poses a potential risk to human health and the environment. Despite this, the precise mechanisms of nanomaterial toxicity have not yet been fully elucidated. It is well known that the three main routes of exposure to nanomaterials are by inhalation, ingestion and through the skin, with inhalation being the most common route of exposure to NPs in the workplace. To provide a complete picture of the impact of inhaled gold nanoparticles on human health, in this article, we review the current knowledge about the physico-chemical characteristics of this nanomaterial, in the size range of 1–100 nm, and its toxicity for pulmonary structures both in vitro and in vivo. Studies comparing the toxic effect of NPs larger than 100 nm (up to 250 nm) are also discussed.

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