scholarly journals Optimized Blood Volume Monitoring during Hemodialysis Procedure based on Ultrasonic Speed Measurement

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3Jun) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R Nafisi ◽  
M Eghbal
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Method ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Critical Threshold ◽  
Ultrasonic Speed ◽  
Air Bubble ◽  
Clinical Complications ◽  
Speed Measurement ◽  
Ultra Filtration ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Hemodialysis Machine

Fast reduction of blood water volume due to ultra-filtration via hemodialysis machine and critical threshold of blood water volume can result in clinical complications such as hypotension. When blood water volume reduces during hemodialysis process, the concentration of blood forming elements will increase. One of the methods for the monitoring of the concentration changes is ultrasonic speed measurement.In this paper, we optimize the ultrasonic speed measurement method in such a way that it would be compatible with conventional air detector in a hemodialysis machine. Air bubble detecting and the relative blood water volume estimating can be achieved by adding the “sing-around” ultrasonic speed measurement method to the current hemodialysis machine; air bubble detection is achieved by monitoring the decline in the ultrasonic wave amplitude (because of air bubbles) and the protein concentration measurement is achieved by measuring the transit time of the wave. Therefore, the optimized method can be applied to the air detection device of a hemodialysis machine.

Research on rotating speed measurement method of turbodrill based on tilt sensor

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440622094443
Author(s):  
Wu Chuan ◽  
Wen Guojun ◽  
Han Lei
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Inclination Angle ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Periodic Signal ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Speed Measurement ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Tilt Sensor

The rotating speed of turbodrill is a key parameter for adjusting the drilling process, which needs to be measured in real time. Based on this, a new rotating speed measurement method used in downhole turbodrill based on the tilt sensor is proposed in this paper. The basic principle is that a periodic signal will be generated by the tilt sensor along with the turbodrill, and then the rotating speed can be obtained by using fast Fourier transform to analyze the output data. Test results show that the measurement error is related to the inclination angle of the borehole, that is, this method cannot be used when the inclination angle is less than 0.4 degrees, while the measurement error is less than 3.5% when the inclination angle is more than 0.4 degrees, which meets the practical requirements. Compared with traditional methods, this method will not be interfered by mud, geological conditions and downhole vibration, and it is also a non-contact measurement method, which is very suitable for downhole environment.

Relay-style Digital Speed Measurement Method and Dynamic Position Subdivision Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Qing Wang ◽  
Fu-Chang Huang ◽  
Ye Tao ◽  
Ri-Bo Mu
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Method ◽  
Speed Measurement

scholarly journals Study on the Degradation Effect of Plant-Derived Active Ingredients on Organophosphorus Pesticides

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Jun Sun ◽  
Tongxin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Method ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Quantitative Detection ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Degradation Effect

In order to explore new ways and methods for the degradation of organophosphorus pesticides, the degradation effects of plant-derived active ingredients on three organophosphorus pesticides were studied. Mix Rhubarb, Pittosporum bark, Hibiscus bark, and Chinese gall in 9:4:3:2 parts by mass, crush and soak in water, use GC-MS quantitative detection method, rapid pesticide residue measurement method, and compare the organic phosphorus before and after the test Pesticide concentration changes, clarify its degradation effect on organophosphorus pesticides. The results showed that the degradation rates of chlorpyrifos and parathion were 93.2% and 92.9% in the extract within 2 minutes; the degradation rate of dichlorvos in the extract within 17 hours was 66.67%, and the degradation of chlorpyrifos within 11 hours the rate is 48.69%. This study shows that the extracts of rhubarb, sea tongs bark, hibiscus bark, and gallnut have significant degradation effects on chlorpyrifos, parathion, dichlorvos and other organophosphorus pesticides.

An investigation on speed measurement method of hermetic compressor based on current fluctuation

2018 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun Zhe ◽  
Gu Jiangping ◽  
Jin Huaqiang ◽  
Huang Yuejin ◽  
Shen Xi
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Method ◽  
Current Fluctuation ◽  
Speed Measurement ◽  
Hermetic Compressor

Development of Ultrasonic Based Air Bubble Detection and Safety System for Hemodialysis Machine to Prevent Embolism

2015 ◽  
Vol 771 ◽  
pp. 116-120
Author(s):  
Pratondo Busono
Keyword(s):  
Detection System ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Safety System ◽  
Artificial Kidney ◽  
Flow Meter ◽  
Air Bubble ◽  
Bubble Detection ◽  
Digital Circuitry ◽  
Hemodialysis Machine

Hemodialysis is one of the treatment methods for the patients with end stage renal disease. It is conducted through the use of artificial kidney or dialyzer, located outside of the human body. During the hemodialysis therapy, small air bubbles may infiltrate through the blood tubing and coalesce to perform the larger bubble which can be harmfull for the patient if entering the patient’s blood circulatory system. The objective of this work is to develop an ultrasonic based air bubble detection system as well as the safety system, mainly the electronic system, for hemodialysis machine application. The safety systems consits an electronic for activating visual and sound alarms, and tube clamp. It is used for preventing the embolism during the hemodialysis therapy. The research method covers the conceptual design, detail design, prototyping and performance testing for both hardware and software. The hardware system consists of air detector module, analog circuitry which consists of transmitter and receiver, digital circuitry with DSP based SOM (system on module) and I/O interface. The software system has two main functions. It is for controlling the hardware and processing the signals digitally. The integration between the hardware and the software making the system be able to detect the presence of air bubble. In addition, the software had possess the capability for triggering a tube clamp as well as activating visual and audio alarms. The tubing clamp was used to stop the fluid flow in the blood tubing and prevent an air bubble from entering the patient circulatory system. The validation test was conducted to verify the functionality of the system. For testing purposes, an experimental flow loop was constructed. This loop consits of peristaltic pump, bubble injector, tube clamp, air flow meter, liquid flow meter, and bubble detector. Several test runs by using simulated blood (Dextran 70 solution) were performed. To test the performance of bubble detection system, comparison between measurement of PWM signals conducted using the DSP and oscilloscope was presented in this work. It shows that error procentage between two types of measurement is less than 5%.

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