“White” Guadeloupeans of “Mixed” Ancestry

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-115
Author(s):  
Ary Gordien
Keyword(s):  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
White Supremacy ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Mixed Ancestry ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Partial Analysis ◽  
Semistructured Interviews

This article explores the various ways in which Guadeloupeans of mixed African and European ancestry who are perceived as White self-identify in relation to their family and individual trajectories. This partial analysis is based on half-dozen semistructured interviews carried out in the course of researching nationalism, race, and ethnicity in Guadeloupe. Complicating rigid definitions of Whiteness and White supremacy, this article interprets the intricate meanings of Whiteness in the specific context of Guadeloupe, and its complex articulation with material and symbolic privilege.

scholarly journals 925Ethnic differences and determinants of vitamin D deficiency in the UK Biobank

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Sutherland ◽  
Ang Zhou ◽  
Matthew Leach ◽  
Elina Hyppönen
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Mixed Ancestry ◽  
Black African ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Summer Time

Abstract Background While controversy remains regarding optimal vitamin D status, the public health relevance of true vitamin D deficiency is undisputed. There are few contemporary cross-ethnic studies investigating the prevalence and determinants of very low 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations. Methods We used data from 440,581 UK Biobank participants, of which 415,903 identified as white European, 7,880 Asian, 7,602 black African, 1,383 Chinese, and 6,473 of mixed ancestry. 25(OH)D concentrations were measured by DiaSorin Liaison XL and deficiency defined as ≤ 25 nmol/L 25(OH)D. Results The prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency was highest among participants of Asian ancestry (57.2% in winter/spring and 50.8% in summer/autumn; followed by black African [38.47%/30.78%], mixed ancestry [36.53%/22.48%], Chinese [33.12%/20.68%] and white European [17.45%/5.90%], P < 1.0E-300). Participants with higher socioeconomic deprivation were more likely to have 25(OH)D deficiency compared to less deprived (P < 1.0E-300 for all comparisons), with the pattern being more apparent among those of white European ancestry and in summer (Pinteraction<6.4E-5 for both). In fully-adjusted analyses, regular consumption of oily fish was effective in mitigating ≤25 nmol/L 25(OH)D deficiency across all ethnicities, whilst outdoor-summer time was less effective for black Africans than white Europeans (OR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.70, 1.12 and OR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.38, 0.42, respectively). Conclusions Vitamin D deficiency remains an issue throughout the UK, particularly in lower socioeconomic areas and the UK Asian population, half of whom have vitamin D deficiency across seasons. Key messages The prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency in the UK is alarming, with certain ethnic and socioeconomic groups considered particularly vulnerable.

Attentional Focus in NCAA Division 1 Golfers

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jed A. Diekfuss ◽  
Louisa D. Raisbeck
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Focus ◽  
Focus Of Attention ◽  
Popular Media ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Secondary Purpose ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Focus Strategies ◽  
Selection Of

The primary purpose of this study was to describe the focus of attention NCAA Division 1 golfers use during practice and competition. A secondary purpose was to determine who was most influential in the focus of attention strategies adopted by NCAA Division 1 golfers. We collected observational data by attending practice sessions, conducting semistructured interviews, and administering guided focus groups. Results revealed two major themes pertaining to the focus of attention adopted by our sample of NCAA Division 1 golfers: situational focus and reactivity focus. Situational focus refers to the focus used within a specific context, and reactivity focus refers to the focus golfers adopt because of a psychological state. Further, our results revealed the importance of esteemed individuals’ instruction on the development of attentional focus strategies. Parents, coaches, and popular media were highly influential in our sample of NCAA Division 1 golfers’ selection of attentional focus strategies.

scholarly journals Race and ethnicity on MS presentation and disease course

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 561-567
Author(s):  
Lilyana Amezcua ◽  
Jacob L McCauley
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Ethnic Populations ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Multiple sclerosis (MS) has a strong racial and ethnic component and disproportionately affects whites of European background. Recent incidence reports suggest an increasing rate of MS among African Americans compared with whites. Despite this recent increase in MS in African Americans, Hispanics and Asians are significantly less likely to develop MS than whites of European ancestry. MS-specific mortality trends demonstrate distinctive disparities by race/ethnicity and age, suggesting that there is an unequal burden of disease. Inequalities in health along with differences in clinical characteristics that may be genetic, environmental, and social in origin may be contributing to disease variability and be suggestive of endophenotypes. The overarching goal of this review was to summarize the current understanding on the variability of disease that we observe in selected racial and ethnic populations: Hispanics and African Americans. Future challenges will be to unravel the genetic, environmental, and social determinants of the observed racial/ethnic disparities.

Needs and Strengths of Australian Para-Athletes: Identifying Their Subjective Psychological, Social, and Physical Health and Well-Being

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Macdougall ◽  
Paul O’Halloran ◽  
Emma Sherry ◽  
Nora Shields
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Physical Pain ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Multidimensional Concept

The well-being needs and strengths of para-athletes in a global and sport-specific context were investigated across subjective psychological, social, and physical health and well-being dimensions. Data were drawn from (a) semistructured interviews with Australian para-athletes (n = 23), (b) a focus group with the Australian Paralympic Committee (n = 9), and (c) a confirmatory para-athlete focus group (n = 8). The well-being needs and strengths of para-athletes differed across gender, sport, level of competition, and nature of impairment. Well-being needs were an interaction between physical pain, emotional regulation, lacking purpose outside of sport, and a lack of self-acceptance, especially for athletes with acquired impairments. Well-being strengths were perceived to increase as athletes increased their level of competition, and included personal growth, optimism, strong social support networks, and contributing to multiple communities. The importance of well-being as a multidimensional concept within the global and sport-specific context for para-athletes is discussed.

A Kitchen Table Pedagogy for Interrogating Whiteness through a Research Experience Course

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Friedman ◽  
Laurel Graham
Keyword(s):  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
White Supremacy ◽  
Intercultural Sensitivity ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Food Provisioning ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
Kitchen Table ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Study Participants

After sociology undergraduates have learned about inequalities in their substantive courses, a research experience course in which they critically apply these concepts can be invaluable for fostering deep learning. Coteaching a sociological research experience for undergraduates course three times, the authors witnessed the emergence of an emotional connection to critical perspectives on race and ethnicity that enabled students to analyze and creatively apply these concepts to their research projects. The inquiry-based course was built around the authors’ current research project on how families with tween and/or teen children manage food provisioning. Although the course was not explicitly about race or whiteness, many students could relate to the marginalization felt by study participants because of their own ethnicity or race, leading the whole class to become a cohesive team that was attuned to the power of white supremacy in food discourse. Here the authors describe two key assignments they believe were essential components of the course: (1) writing and sharing your food autobiography and (2) analyzing “what’s interesting here?” to find themes in the interview data. The authors found that the intercultural sensitivity cultivated in the first weeks of the course through personal storytelling carried forward into the interviewing process, into the grounded theory discussions that took place in the classroom, and into the students’ final research projects. The result was that each semester, students interrogated the whiteness of American food discourse by studying the forms of difference embedded in the food stories of themselves and of the study participants.

scholarly journals Detecting and correcting for bias in Mendelian randomization analyses using gene-by-environment interactions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wes Spiller ◽  
David Slichter ◽  
Jack Bowden ◽  
George Davey Smith
Keyword(s):  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Pleiotropic Effects ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Mixed Ancestry ◽  
Gene By Environment Interactions ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk

Background: Mendelian randomization has developed into an established method for strengthening causal inference and estimating causal effects, largely due to the proliferation of genome-wide association studies. However, genetic instruments remain controversial as pleiotropic effects can introduce bias into causal estimates. Recent work has highlighted the potential of gene-environment interactions in detecting and correcting for pleiotropic bias in Mendelian randomization analyses. Methods: We introduce MR using Gene-by-Environment interactions (MRGxE) as a framework capable of identifying and correcting for pleiotropic bias, drawing upon developments in econometrics and epidemiology. If an instrument-covariate interaction induces variation in the association between a genetic instrument and exposure, it is possible to identify and correct for pleiotropic effects. The interpretation of MRGxE is similar to conventional summary Mendelian randomization approaches, with a particular advantage of MRGxE being the ability to assess the validity of an individual instrument. Results: We investigate the effect of BMI upon systolic blood pressure (SBP) using data from the UK Biobank and the GIANT consortium using a single instrument (a weighted allelic score). We find MRGxE produces findings in agreement with MR Egger regression in a two-sample summary MR setting, however, association estimates obtained across all methods differ considerably when excluding related participants or individuals of non-European ancestry. This could be a consequence of selection bias, though there is also potential for introducing bias by using a mixed ancestry population. Further, we assess the performance of MRGxE with respect to identifying and correcting for horizontal pleiotropy in a simulation setting, highlighting the utility of the approach even when the MRGxE assumptions are violated. Conclusions: By utilising instrument-covariate interactions within a linear regression framework, it is possible to identify and correct for pleiotropic bias, provided the average magnitude of pleiotropy is constant across interaction covariate subgroups.

Race and ethnicity II: White women and the possessive geographies of white supremacy

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 778-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Bonds
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
White Women ◽  
White Supremacy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Feminist Scholarship

In this second report on research about race and ethnicity in geography, I build from growing scholarly interest in the geographies of white supremacy to consider white women’s central role in the production and maintenance of white supremacy in the United States. I discuss some of the conceptual approaches and critical interventions of Black and antiracist feminist scholarship in theorizing white supremacy. After reviewing key themes and theoretical insights about gender and white supremacy, I expand on the notion of possessive geographies as a means of examining discourses and rationalizations of ownership and white propertied power. I emphasize the importance of engaging with Black and antiracist feminist scholarship that has long provided the tools necessary for understanding white women and the possessive geographies of white supremacy.

Addressing Epistemological Racism in Sport Management Research

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
John N. Singer
Keyword(s):  
Critical Race Theory ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Sport Management ◽  
White Supremacy ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Management Research ◽  
Race Theory ◽  
Critical Areas ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Insight Into

Sport management scholars must begin to recognize the significance of race and ethnicity as viable epistemological considerations in research inquiry. This article discusses the concept of “epistemological racism” (Scheurich & Young, 1997) and argues that critical race theory (CRT) is a legitimate epistemological and theoretical alternative to research approaches that have typically been based on the dominant worldview (i.e., Eurocentrism), and that it is an appropriate framework for conducting race-based emancipatory research in sport management. In particular, because CRT focuses on issues of justice, liberation, and the empowerment of people of color in a society based on White supremacy (i.e., Eurocentrism), the primary purpose of this article is to provide sport management scholars and students with insight into how CRT’s epistemological and methodological bases could be applied to critical areas of research in our field. The article concludes with some practical suggestions for how we can address epistemological racism in our sport management research and education.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Chinyere K. Osuji
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
White Supremacy ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Constructivist Approach ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Blacks And Whites ◽  
History Of Race

The Introduction defines the concept of “ethnoracial boundaries” and introduces the concept of “groupness” to the reader. It discusses how scholars of ethnicity and nationalism have neglected how non-elites negotiate ethnoracial boundaries through non-state social interaction. It also critiques race and ethnicity scholars for essentializing ethnoracial categories and focusing exclusively on the United States. This chapter advocates a “critical constructivist” approach to race and ethnicity that focuses on how non-elite social actors negotiate ethnoracial boundaries and incorporates critical race theory's concept of intersectionality. Following this discussion, the chapter explains the history of race-mixing between blacks and whites in the United States and Brazil. It also outlines: the methodology of the book; the categorization of respondents; the sampling strategy; the meaning of marriage in the two societies; a statement on researcher reflexivity; and an overview of the remaining book chapters. It ends with a summary of the book's conclusion, that race mixture is no replacement for public policy and can coexist with white supremacy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document