scholarly journals Validation of an in vitro model for predicting rumen and total-tract fiber digestibility in dairy cows fed corn silages with different in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibilities at 2 levels of dry matter intake

2015 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 574-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Lopes ◽  
D.E. Cook ◽  
D.K. Combs
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Fiber Digestibility ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Tract Fiber

scholarly journals Application of Selected Inoculant Producing Antifungal and Fibrinolytic Substances on Rye Silage with Different Wilting Time

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 879
Author(s):  
Seong-Shin Lee ◽  
Jeong-Seok Choi ◽  
Dimas Hand Vidya Paradhipta ◽  
Young-Ho Joo ◽  
Hyuk-Jun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lactobacillus Brevis ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Fiber Digestibility ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Commercial Inoculant

This research was conducted to determine the effects of selected inoculant on the silage with different wilting times. The ryes were unwilted or wilted for 12 h. Each rye forage was ensiled for 100 d in quadruplicate with commercial inoculant (Lactobacillus plantarum sp.; LPT) or selected inoculant (Lactobacillus brevis 100D8 and Leuconostoc holzapfelii 5H4 at 1:1 ratio; MIX). In vitro dry matter digestibility and in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility were highest in the unwilted MIX silages (p < 0.05), and the concentration of ruminal acetate was increased in MIX silages (p < 0.001; 61.4% vs. 60.3%) by the increase of neutral detergent fiber digestibility. The concentration of ruminal ammonia-N was increased in wilted silages (p < 0.001; 34.8% vs. 21.1%). The yeast count was lower in the MIX silages than in the LPT silages (p < 0.05) due to a higher concentration of acetate in MIX silages (p < 0.05). Aerobic stability was highest in the wilted MIX silages (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the MIX inoculation increased aerobic stability and improved fiber digestibility. As a result of the wilting process, ammonia-N in silage decreased but ruminal ammonia-N increased. Notably, the wilted silage with applied mixed inoculant had the highest aerobic stability.

scholarly journals PSVI-42 Effect of increasing concentrations of aflatoxins (AFB1) on rumen gas production (GP), dry matter (DM) disappearance and fermentation parameters using the in vitro ANKOM gas technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
Jean-Philippe Marden ◽  
Virginie Marquis ◽  
Kheira Hadjeba Medjdoub ◽  
Marine Lacombe
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Cheese Cloth

Abstract Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus species known to be the most prevalent contaminants in feedstuffs. In ruminants, contaminated AFB1 feeds usually exhibit symptoms including reduced feed efficiency and milk production and decreased appetite. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different concentrations of AFB1 on rumen fermentation parameters by using the ANKOM gas production protocol. Rumen fluid was collected from a cannulated dry dairy cow, filtered with cheese-cloth and diluted (1:1) with a standard buffer. Triplicates of 75 mL flasks were fed 0,75g of feed (79% corn silage, 15% alfalfa and 6% concentrates) and inoculated with 0 (blank), 0,2, 0,5, 1 and 2 ppm of AFB1. Flasks were placed in a rotating incubation at 39°C for 96h and connected to ANKOM GP system. After 96h of incubation, the contents of each flask were centrifuged. Supernatants were analyzed for total VFA and AFB1 while precipitates were dried at 104°C for DM disappearance. The experimentation was repeated weekly 3 times and named wk1, 2 and 3. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS using a univariate model. Results showed no significant differences on GP max at 96h among AFB1 concentrations. Only wk 1 showed that higher AFB1 concentration (2 ppm) decreased significantly (P &lt; 0,05) DM disappearance (- 8,2 pts) when compared to the blank. Total VFA contents (75,0 ± 1,6 mM) were not affected by AFB1. Wk 2 and 3 did not show any difference neither on DM disappearance nor on VFA (89,1 ± 1,6 mM; 110,2 ± 4,8 mM). It can be concluded that our in vitro model, GP did not reflect DM disappearance and it can be put forward that rumen fluid with low total VFA concentrations (≤ 75 mM) could be more sensible to AFB1 challenge.

Dry matter intake, nutrient selection and milk production of dairy cows grazing rainfed perennial pastures at different herbage allowances in spring

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 923 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Moate ◽  
D. E. Dalley ◽  
J. R. Roche ◽  
C. Grainger
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Selection Differentials

Summary. The effect of herbage allowance (20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 kg DM/cow. day) on the consumption of nutrients from herbage and milk production by cows in early lactation, was examined. The experiment was conducted on rainfed perennial ryegrass pastures in September and October 1997 in south-eastern Victoria, Australia. The herbage on offer comprised 64% perennial ryegrass, 21% other grasses, 1% white clover, 5% weeds and 9% dead material on a dry matter (DM) basis. The average pregrazing herbage height was 13 cm, at an estimated pregrazing herbage mass of 3.6 t DM/ha. The herbage on offer was of high quality containing 11.6 MJ metabolisable energy/kg DM, 202 g crude protein/kg DM and 525 g neutral detergent fibre/kg DM. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, sulfur and chloride were 4.4, 2.2, 4.4, 31.2, 3.5, 2.7 and 11.4 g/kg DM, respectively. As daily herbage allowance per cow increased, dry matter intake increased curvilinearly (P<0.01) from 11.2 to 18.7 kg DM/cow. day. This was associated with a decrease in utilisation of herbage from 54 to 26% and an increase in milk production from 25.9 to 29.1 kg/cow. day. The cows on all treatments grazed for less than 8.7 h/day. The increase in intake was achieved by an increase in the rate of herbage intake from 1.5 to 2.2 kg DM/h for herbage allowances of 20 and 70 kg/cow.day, respectively. Irrespective of herbage allowance, cows selected a diet that was approximately 10% higher in in vitro dry matter digestibility and 30% higher in crude protein than that in the herbage on offer. The neutral detergent fibre content of the herbage selected was lower (P<0.05) than that on offer. The herbage consumed contained more (P<0.05) magnesium, potassium and sulfur, the same amount of calcium and phosphorus and less (P<0.05) sodium and chloride than the herbage on offer. For rainfed perennial pastures in spring, herbage allowance is an important factor in determining voluntary feed intake and production of dairy cows. To achieve 30 L from herbage, without supplementation, high herbage allowances are required. The increase in herbage intake, with increasing herbage allowance, resulted from an increase in rate of dry matter intake and not an increase in grazing time. No relationship was evident between herbage allowance and the selection differentials for in vitro dry matter digestibility, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre. Selection differentials for rainfed perennial pastures in spring are similar to those reported for irrigated perennial pastures in northern Victoria in spring and autumn. When determining nutrient requirements it is important to consider the interaction between herbage intake and nutrient concentration in the herbage.

scholarly journals Nutritional diversity of agricultural and agro-industrial by-products for ruminant feeding

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1246-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A.G. Azevêdo ◽  
S.C. Valadares Filho ◽  
D.S. Pina ◽  
E. Detmann ◽  
L.G.R. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Fiber Digestibility ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
By Products

Fifty-seven by-products were collected from regions throughout Brazil. Chemical composition, in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD), and total digestible nutrients (TDN) were determined with the objective of grouping by-products with similar nutritional characteristics. The by-products belonging to group one (G1) presented the highest content of neutral detergent fiber exclusive of ash and nitrogenous compounds [aNDFom(n)] and lowest energy content, with 42.5% and 38.8% of IVNDFD and TDN, respectively. A new cluster analysis was carried in order to better characterize G2 by-products, six subgroups (SGs) were established (SG1 to SG6). SG1 by-products had the highest and the lowest values for lignin and TDN, respectively. SG2 by-products had the highest aNDFom(n) value, with TDN and IVNDFD values greater than 600 and 700g/kg, respectively, and crude protein (CP) value below 200g/kg in dry matter (DM). Among all the subgroups, SG3 had the highest TDN (772g/kg) and IVNDFD (934g/kg) values and the lowest lignin (23g/kg in DM) value. The ether extract was what most influenced the hierarchical establishment of residual grouping in SG4. SG5 by-products had the highest concentration of non-fibrous carbohydrate. Different from the other subgroups, SG6 by-products had the highest value of available CP.

scholarly journals Evaluation of corn cultivars harvested at two cutting heights for ensilage

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamilton Caetano ◽  
Mauro Dal Secco de Oliveira ◽  
José Esler de Freitas Júnior ◽  
Aníbal Coutinho do Rêgo ◽  
Francisco Palma Rennó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Fiber Digestibility ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Cutting Height

The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics, bromatological-chemical composition and digestibility of 11 corn cultivars (Zea mays) harvested at two cutting heights. Cultivars D 766, D 657, D 1000, P 3021, P 3041, C 805, C 333, AG 5011, FO 01, CO 9621 and BR 205 were evaluated when they were harvested 5 cm above ground (low) and 5 cm below the insertion of the first ear (high). The experiment was designed as random blocks, with three replicates, arranged in an 11 x 2 factorial scheme. Cultivars presented similar productions of forage dry matter and grains. Percentages of stalk, leaf, straw, cob and kernel fractions were different among cultivars, as well as dry matter content of the whole plant at harvest. Considering the whole plant, only the contents of gross energy, nitrogen in neutral detergent fiber, and in vitro neutral and acid detergent fiber digestibility did not differ among cultivars. Increase on the cutting height improved forage quality due to the reduction of stalk and leaf fractions and contents of cell wall constituents.

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