scholarly journals Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products on dairy calves: Ruminal fermentation, gastrointestinal morphology, and microbial community

2016 ◽  
Vol 99 (7) ◽  
pp. 5401-5412 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.X. Xiao ◽  
G.M. Alugongo ◽  
R. Chung ◽  
S.Z. Dong ◽  
S.L. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Products

scholarly journals Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products on dairy calves: Performance and health

2017 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 1189-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.M. Alugongo ◽  
J.X. Xiao ◽  
Y.H. Chung ◽  
S.Z. Dong ◽  
S.L. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Fermentation Products

scholarly journals Supplementing a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product modulates innate immune function and ameliorates bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection in neonatal calves

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmaa H A Mahmoud ◽  
Jamison R Slate ◽  
Suyeon Hong ◽  
Ilkyu Yoon ◽  
Jodi L McGill
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Lung Pathology ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Supplementation Period ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of oral supplementation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products (SCFP; SmartCare and NutriTek; Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA) on immune function and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) infection in preweaned dairy calves. Twenty-four Holstein × Angus, 1- to 2-d-old calves (38.46 ± 0.91 kg initial body weight [BW]) were assigned two treatment groups: control or SCFP treated, milk replacer with 1 g/d SCFP (SmartCare) and calf starter top-dressed with 5 g/d SCFP (NutriTek). The study consisted of one 31-d period. On days 19 to 21 of the supplementation period, calves were challenged via aerosol inoculation with BRSV strain 375. Calves were monitored twice daily for clinical signs, including rectal temperature, cough, nasal and ocular discharge, respiration effort, and lung auscultation. Calves were euthanized on day 10 postinfection (days 29 to 31 of the supplementation period) to evaluate gross lung pathology and pathogen load. Supplementation with SCFP did not affect BW (P = 0.762) or average daily gain (P = 0.750), percentages of circulating white blood cells (P < 0.05), phagocytic (P = 0.427 for neutrophils and P = 0.460 for monocytes) or respiratory burst (P = 0.119 for neutrophils and P = 0.414 for monocytes) activity by circulating leukocytes either before or following BRSV infection, or serum cortisol concentrations (P = 0.321) after BRSV infection. Calves receiving SCFP had reduced clinical disease scores compared with control calves (P = 0.030), reduced airway neutrophil recruitment (P < 0.002), reduced lung pathology (P = 0.031), and a reduced incidence of secondary bacterial infection. Calves receiving SCFP shed reduced virus compared with control calves (P = 0.049) and tended toward lower viral loads in the lungs (P = 0.051). Immune cells from the peripheral blood of SCFP-treated calves produced increased (P < 0.05) quantities of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in response to toll-like receptor stimulation, while cells from the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of SCFP-treated calves secreted less (P < 0.05) proinflammatory cytokines in response to the same stimuli. Treatment with SCFP had no effect on virus-specific T cell responses in the blood but resulted in reduced (P = 0.045) virus-specific IL-17 secretion by T cells in the BAL. Supplementing with SCFP modulates both systemic and mucosal immune responses and may improve the outcome of an acute respiratory viral infection in preweaned dairy calves.

scholarly journals Effects of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Fermentation Products on the Microbial Community throughout the Gastrointestinal Tract of Calves

Animals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijun Cao ◽  
Jianxin Xiao ◽  
Gibson Alugongo ◽  
Shoukun Ji ◽  
Zhaohai Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Cedar Rapids

The effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products (SCFP) on improving growth and health of calves could be attributed to the ability of SCFP to modulate the microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). However, the changes in microbial community along the gut in calves supplemented with SCFP have not been investigated extensively. The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of SCFP on microbial communities in each sites of GIT using high-throughput sequencing technique. Fifteen Holstein male calves were used and randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 treatments including a calf starter containing 0 (Control, CON), 0.5 (SCFP1) or 1% SCFP (SCFP2, Original XPC, Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA, USA) of dry matter from day 4 to 56. The supplemented calves were fed with an additional 1 g/d SCFP (SmartCare, Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA, USA) in milk from day 2 to 30. Rumen fluid was sampled at day 28 of age via esophageal tube. All calves were slaughtered and gastrointestinal samples collected on day 56. Inclusion of SCFP increased the microbial species richness in the large intestine. The SCFP also affected the bacterial community at an early age in the rumen and later in rectum microbiota. Supplementation of SCFP stimulated colonization by fibrolytic bacteria (Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae) in rumen and large intestine, respectively. No differences were found between SCFP1 and SCFP2. This is the first study to analyze the effect of SCFP on bacterial community of the GIT microbiota in calves. The results provide the basic bacterial community information, which helps us understand the mechanism of action of SCFP for improving the health and performance of pre-weaning calf.

scholarly journals Effects of antibiotic residues in milk on growth, ruminal fermentation, and microbial community of preweaning dairy calves

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 2298-2307 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Li ◽  
M.H. Yousif ◽  
Z.Q. Li ◽  
Z.H. Wu ◽  
S.L. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation

scholarly journals Amelioration of salmonellosis in pre-weaned dairy calves fed Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products in feed and milk replacer

2014 ◽  
Vol 172 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 248-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T. Brewer ◽  
Kristi L. Anderson ◽  
Ilkyu Yoon ◽  
Mark F. Scott ◽  
Steve A. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Fermentation Products

scholarly journals Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fermentation of 28 Barley and 12 Oat Cultivars

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Tse ◽  
Daniel J. Wiens ◽  
Jianheng Shen ◽  
Aaron D. Beattie ◽  
Martin J. T. Reaney
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Alcoholic Fermentation ◽  
Ethanol Yield ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Oat Cultivars

As barley and oat production have recently increased in Canada, it has become prudent to investigate these cereal crops as potential feedstocks for alcoholic fermentation. Ethanol and other coproduct yields can vary substantially among fermented feedstocks, which currently consist primarily of wheat and corn. In this study, the liquified mash of milled grains from 28 barley (hulled and hull-less) and 12 oat cultivars were fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae to determine concentrations of fermentation products (ethanol, isopropanol, acetic acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, α-glycerylphosphorylcholine (α-GPC), and glycerol). On average, the fermentation of barley produced significantly higher amounts of ethanol, isopropanol, acetic acid, succinic acid, α-GPC, and glycerol than that of oats. The best performing barley cultivars were able to produce up to 78.48 g/L (CDC Clear) ethanol and 1.81 g/L α-GPC (CDC Cowboy). Furthermore, the presence of milled hulls did not impact ethanol yield amongst barley cultivars. Due to its superior ethanol yield compared to oats, barley is a suitable feedstock for ethanol production. In addition, the accumulation of α-GPC could add considerable value to the fermentation of these cereal crops.

scholarly journals Effects of brewers’ spent grain protein hydrolysates on gas production, ruminal fermentation characteristics, microbial protein synthesis and microbial community in an artificial rumen fed a high grain diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Ran ◽  
Long Jin ◽  
Ranithri Abeynayake ◽  
Atef Mohamed Saleem ◽  
Xiumin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Protein Hydrolysates ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Spent Grain

Abstract Background Brewers’ spent grain (BSG) typically contains 20% – 29% crude protein (CP) with high concentrations of glutamine, proline and hydrophobic and non-polar amino acid, making it an ideal material for producing value-added products like bioactive peptides which have antioxidant properties. For this study, protein was extracted from BSG, hydrolyzed with 1% alcalase and flavourzyme, with the generated protein hydrolysates (AlcH and FlaH) showing antioxidant activities. This study evaluated the effects of AlcH and FlaH on gas production, ruminal fermentation characteristics, nutrient disappearance, microbial protein synthesis and microbial community using an artificial rumen system (RUSITEC) fed a high-grain diet. Results As compared to the control of grain only, supplementation of FlaH decreased (P < 0.01) disappearances of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), CP and starch, without affecting fibre disappearances; while AlcH had no effect on nutrient disappearance. Neither AlcH nor FlaH affected gas production or VFA profiles, however they increased (P < 0.01) NH3-N and decreased (P < 0.01) H2 production. Supplementation of FlaH decreased (P < 0.01) the percentage of CH4 in total gas and dissolved-CH4 (dCH4) in dissolved gas. Addition of monensin reduced (P < 0.01) disappearance of nutrients, improved fermentation efficiency and reduced CH4 and H2 emissions. Total microbial nitrogen production was decreased (P < 0.05) but the proportion of feed particle associated (FPA) bacteria was increased with FlaH and monensin supplementation. Numbers of OTUs and Shannon diversity indices of FPA microbial community were unaffected by AlcH and FlaH; whereas both indices were reduced (P < 0.05) by monensin. Taxonomic analysis revealed no effect of AlcH and FlaH on the relative abundance (RA) of bacteria at phylum level, whereas monensin reduced (P < 0.05) the RA of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and enhanced Proteobacteria. Supplementation of FlaH enhanced (P < 0.05) the RA of genus Prevotella, reduced Selenomonas, Shuttleworthia, Bifidobacterium and Dialister as compared to control; monensin reduced (P < 0.05) RA of genus Prevotella but enhaced Succinivibrio. Conclusions The supplementation of FlaH in high-grain diets may potentially protect CP and starch from ruminal degradation, without adversely affecting fibre degradation and VFA profiles. It also showed promising effects on reducing CH4 production by suppressing H2 production. Protein enzymatic hydrolysates from BSG using flavourzyme showed potential application to high value-added bio-products.

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