scholarly journals Insulin Regulates Milk Production and Mammary Gland and Hind-Leg Amino Acid Fluxes and Blood Flow in Lactating Goats

2001 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J. Bequette ◽  
C.E. Kyle ◽  
L.A. Crompton ◽  
V. Buchan ◽  
M.D. Hanigan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Lactating Goats

scholarly journals Amino Acid Exchange by the Mammary Gland of Lactating Goats when Histidine Limits Milk Production

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J. Bequette ◽  
M.D. Hanigan ◽  
A.G. Calder ◽  
C.K. Reynolds ◽  
G.E. Lobley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Amino Acid Exchange ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Acid Exchange

scholarly journals Effects of a High-Grain Diet With a Buffering Agent on Milk Protein Synthesis in Lactating Goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meilin He ◽  
Xintian Nie ◽  
Huanhuan Wang ◽  
Shuping Yan ◽  
Yuanshu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Rumen Acidosis ◽  
Buffering Agent

Chinese dairy industries have developed rapidly, providing consumers with high-quality sources of nutrition. However, many problems have also appeared during the development process, especially the low quality of milk. To improve milk quality, a large amount of concentrated feed is usually added to the diet within a certain period of time, which increases the milk production to a certain extent. However, long-term feeding with high-concentration feed can lead to subacute rumen acidosis. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effect of adding a buffer on subacute rumen acidosis, and the improvement of milk production and milk quality. We also aimed to study the mechanism of promoting mammary gland lactation. A total of 12 healthy mid-lactating goats were randomly divided into two groups, they were high-grain diet group (Control) and buffering agent group. To understand the effects of high-grain diets with buffers on amino acids in jugular blood and the effects of amino acids on milk protein synthesis, Milk-Testing™ Milkoscan 4000, commercial kits, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurements were integrated with the milk protein rate, the amino acid concentration in jugular venous blood samples, quantitative real-time PCR, comparative proteomics, and western blotting to study differentially expressed proteins and amino acids in mammary gland tissues of goats fed high-grain diets. Feeding lactating goats with buffering agent increased the percentage of milk protein in milk, significantly increased the amino acid content of jugular blood (p < 0.05), and increase the amino acid transporter levels in the mammary gland. Compared with the high-grain group, 2-dimensional electrophoresis technology, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight/time of flight proteomics analyzer, and western blot analysis further verified that the expression levels of beta casein (CSN2) and lactoferrin (LF) proteins in the mammary glands of lactating goats were higher when fed a high-grain diets and buffers. The mechanism of increased milk protein synthesis was demonstrated to be related to the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway signals.

scholarly journals Late gestation supplementation of corn dried distiller’s grains plus solubles to beef cows fed a low-quality forage: III. effects on mammary gland blood flow, colostrum and milk production, and calf body weights

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 3337-3347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria C Kennedy ◽  
James J Gaspers ◽  
Bethany R Mordhorst ◽  
Gerald L Stokka ◽  
Kendall C Swanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Distiller's Grains ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Term Performance

Abstract Objectives were to investigate the effects of supplementation with corn dried distiller’s grains plus solubles (DDGS) to late gestating beef cows on arterial blood flow to the mammary glands during late gestation and early lactation; colostrum and milk production; dystocia and immunity; and calf BW. Cows were fed a control (CON; n = 15; 5.1% CP; 36.2% ADF) diet consisting of 90% corn stover and 10% corn silage on a dry basis offered ad libitum or CON diet with supplementation of DDGS (0.30% of BW; SUP n = 12). Mammary gland blood flow was assessed on day 245 of gestation. At parturition, maternal and calving parameters were assessed; colostrum and jugular blood was sampled; and dams were weighed. Mammary gland blood flow and milk production was measured on day 44 of lactation. Calves were weighed fortnightly for 8 wk and at weaning. Colostrum production tended to be greater in SUP dams than in CON dams (837 vs. 614 ± 95 g, P = 0.10). Calves of SUP dams were heavier at birth and 24 h (0 h, 43.2 vs. 39.8 ± 1.0 kg, P = 0.02; 24 h, 44.0 vs. 40.4 ± 1.1 kg, P = 0.02). At birth and 24 h, blood pCO2 was greater in calves born to SUP dams (6.82 vs. 6.00 ± 0.41 kPa, P = 0.04). Serum IgG did not differ (P = 0.21) at 24 h. Ipsilateral mammary gland blood flow of SUP cows was greater than CON cows (2.76 vs. 1.76 ± 0.30 L/min; P = 0.03); however, when summed with contralateral, total blood flow was similar (P = 0.33). Hemodynamic measures on day 44 of lactation were similar (P ≥ 0.32). Milk production tended to be increased (13.5 vs. 10.2 ± 1.2 kg/d, P = 0.07) in SUP vs. CON cows. Despite similar BW through 56 d, calves from SUP cows were heavier (P = 0.04) at weaning (309.7 vs. 292.0 ± 6.0 kg). In conclusion, we accept our hypothesis that DDGS supplementation during gestation influenced mammary blood flow, milk production and calf weights. These findings implicate maternal nutrition’s leverage on both nutrient and passive immunity delivery to the calf early in life as well as potential advantages on long-term performance.

Blood flow and net amino acid uptake by the lactating mammary gland: effect of starvation

1985 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 876-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUAN R. VIÑA ◽  
ARGIMIRO RODRIGUEZ ◽  
JUAN B. MONTORO ◽  
ANTONIO IRADI ◽  
INMACULADA R. PUERTES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Lactating Mammary Gland

Increase in milk secretion and mammary blood flow by intra-arterial infusion of insulin-like growth factor-I into the mammary gland of the goat

1990 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Prosser ◽  
I. R. Fleet ◽  
A. N. Corps ◽  
E. R. Froesch ◽  
R. B. Heap
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Milk Secretion ◽  
Arterial Infusion ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Growth Factor I

ABSTRACT The close-arterial infusion of free insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I; 1·1 nmol/min) for 6 h into the pudic artery supplying one mammary gland of lactating goats caused a 25±6% (mean ± s.e.m., n = 6) increase in the rate of milk secretion of that gland. The increase in the rate of milk secretion in the adjacent non-infused gland (14±4%) was not significantly different from that observed during saline infusion (4±5%). Blood flow to the infused gland was increased from 378±26 ml/min 1 h before to 487±56 ml/min approximately 5 h after the start of the infusion of IGF-I, declining to 420±44 ml/min approximately 2 h after the end of the infusion. The total concentration of IGF-I (free and bound) in milk of the infused gland was significantly higher than that of the non-infused gland. The concentrations of IGF-I in carotid arterial plasma samples increased during IGF-I infusion from a mean value of 32±2 nmol/l before to a maximum of 49±3 nmol/l 5 h after the infusion commenced. Circulating concentrations of total IGF-I declined slowly after the infusion with an estimated half-life of 5 h. Infusion of saline alone did not alter mammary blood flow or the concentration of total IGF-I in milk or plasma. The results indicate that the infusion of free IGF-I into the mammary arterial supply enhances milk secretion and mammary blood flow in intact, conscious goats. The more pronounced effect in the infused compared with the non-infused gland suggests that free IGF-I acts directly on the mammary gland. The response in the non-infused gland was attenuated presumably due to association of IGF-I with plasma binding proteins during recirculation. Journal of Endocrinology (1990) 126, 437–443

Effects of dehydration and arginine vasopressin infusions on the production of milk and the morphology of the goat udder

1990 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Dahlborn ◽  
Jamal Hossaini Hilali ◽  
Heriberto Rodriguez-Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Alveolar Cells ◽  
Lactating Goats

SummaryLactating goats were subjected to dehydration and to infusions of arginine vasopressin (AVP). Dehydration decreased milk production significantly but no changes were observed on the day of AVP infusion. The levels of AVP in plasma reached the same magnitude during both experimental procedures. AVP-immunoreactivity was immunocytochemically detected by light (peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique) and electron microscopy (immuno-Au technique on to glutaraldehyde-fixed, resin-embedded sections) in the mammary gland but not in the control experiments. In addition the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum in the secretory alveolar cells underwent significant swelling in response to the experimental procedures.

Effects of intramammary arterial infusion of non-essential amino acids and glucose in the lactating goat

1974 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. Mepham ◽  
J. L. Linzell
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Arterial Infusion ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Arterial Plasma ◽  
Fourth Experiment ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

SummaryThree experiments were carried out on 2 lactating goats, in which mammary arterial plasma amino-acid concentrations were elevated by the infusion of a solution of non-essential amino acids into a carotid artery supplying a transplanted mammary gland. In a fourth experiment a solution of glucose was similarly infused. In some cases the increased arterial concentrations of amino acids resulted in their increased mammary uptake, and in a depression of glucose uptake. However, infusions of neither amino acids nor glucose resulted in increased milk protein yield. Infusion of [U-14C]glutamic acid in one experiment demonstrated gluconeogenesis from glutamate carbon within the mammary gland. The results are discussed in relation to data obtained in another laboratory, from which it has been claimed that non-essential amino acid supply may limit milk protein synthesis. The present results provide no confirmation for the claim.

Hour-to-hour variation in amino acid arterio-venous concentration differences across the lactating goat mammary gland

1974 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. Mepham ◽  
J. L. Linzell
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Arterial Infusion ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Arterial Concentration ◽  
Infusion Technique

SummaryArterio-venous (AV) blood plasma concentration differences of amino acids across the mammary glands of 2 lactating goats were measured at intervals throughout a day. One gland of each animal had been transplanted to the neck for experimental purposes. The variation throughout the day in arterial concentration of all amino acids was similar. The variation in AV differences was slight for most essential amino acids, greater for glutamic acid and proline and very marked for aspartic acid, alanine, glycine and citrulline. There was no statistical difference between the AV difference of any amino acid measured simultaneously across the 2 glands of either goat. The arterial concentrations of certain pairs of amino acids were significantly correlated. The implications of the results for estimation of rates of amino-acid synthesis in the mammary gland using the intra-arterial infusion technique are discussed.

Effect of intravenous histidine or histidine peptide infusion on milk protein yield in lactating goats with an induced histidine deficiency

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 180-180
Author(s):  
F.R.C. Backwell ◽  
B.J. Bequette ◽  
L.A. Crompton ◽  
C.K. Reynolds ◽  
D.E. Beever ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Lactating Goats

Studies involving infusion of stable isotope labelled peptides have shown that the mammary gland has the ability to utilise peptide-derived AA for milk protein synthesis (Backwell et al., 1994a) and that peptides may be involved in the supply of phenylalanine to the mammary gland in vivo (Backwell et al., 1994b). The aim of the present experiment was to compare milk production responses to systemic (jugular vein) provision of histidine as free AA or as a peptide (glycyl-histidine) in lactating dairy goats with an induced histidine deficiency.

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