Effect of Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid on Luteal Phase Length and Oxytocin-Induced Release of Prostaglandin F2α in Heifers

Anoestrous ewes can be induced to ovulate by the socio-sexual, ‘ram effect’. However, in some ewes, the induced ovulation is followed by an abnormally short luteal phase causing a so-called ‘short cycle’. The defect responsible for this luteal dysfunction has not been identified. In this study, we investigated ovarian and uterine factors implicated in male-induced short cycles in anoestrous ewes using a combined endocrine and molecular strategy. Before ovulation, we were able to detect a moderate loss of thecal expression of steroid acute regulatory protein (STAR) in ewes that had not received progesterone priming (which prevents short cycles). At and following ovulation, we were able to identify a significant loss of expression of genes coding key proteins involved in the biosynthesis of progesterone (STAR,CYP11A1andHSD3B1(HSD3B)) as well as genes coding proteins critical for vascular development during early luteal development (VEGFAandKDR(VEGFR2)), suggesting dysfunction in at least two pathways critical for normal luteal function. Furthermore, these changes were associated with a significant reduction of progesterone production and luteal weight. Additionally, we cast doubt on the proposed uterus-mediated effect of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) as a cause of short cycles by demonstrating the dysregulation of luteal expression of the PGF receptor, which mediates the luteal effects of PGF2α, and by finding no significant changes in the circulating concentrations of PGFM, the principal metabolite of PGF2α in ewes with short cycles. This study is the first of its kind to examine concurrently the endocrine and molecular events in the follicular and early luteal stages of the short cycle.Free French abstractA French translation of this abstract is freely available athttp://www.reproduction-online.org/content/147/3/357/suppl/DC1

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Urinary Concentrations of Phthalate Metabolites and Bisphenol A and Associations with Follicular-Phase Length, Luteal-Phase Length, Fecundability, and Early Pregnancy Loss

Environmental Health Perspectives ◽

10.1289/ehp.1408164 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 124 (3) ◽

pp. 321-328 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Anne Marie Jukic ◽

Antonia M. Calafat ◽

D. Robert McConnaughey ◽

Matthew P. Longnecker ◽

Jane A. Hoppin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bisphenol A ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

Luteal Phase ◽

Pregnancy Loss ◽

Follicular Phase ◽

Early Pregnancy Loss ◽

Phthalate Metabolites ◽

Phase Length

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Synchronization of oestrus and subsequent fertility in cattle, using the prostaglandin F2α analogue, ICI 80996 (cloprostenol)

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9760437 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 16 (81) ◽

pp. 437 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

H Hearnshaw

Keyword(s):

Artificial Insemination ◽

Luteal Phase ◽

Prostaglandin F2α ◽

Optimum Time ◽

Subcutaneous Injections ◽

Late Luteal Phase ◽

Initial Injection ◽

Subsequent Fertility ◽

Subsequent Cycle ◽

Cycle Lengths

The prostaglandin analogue, ICI 80996 (cloprostenol), was administered subcutaneously to synchronize oestrus in cattle. One injection, or two injections 12 days apart, of 400 pg gave optimal results (78 and 72 per cent synchronized respectively) for the Hereford cross heifers used. Heifers treated with cloprostenol from days one to five of the cycle, did not respond to the first injection, but did so to a second injection given 12 days later. A greater percentage of heifers, treated in the mid or late luteal phase of the cycle, exhibited oestrus after the first injection of cloprostenol than after the second injection. The percentage of these heifers showing induced oestrus varied from 44 to 100 per cent. There was a peak in the incidence of oestrus between 49 and 72 hours after injection but the distribution ranged from 24 to 120 hours. Peripheral blood progesterone concentrations, palpation of the ovaries and subsequent cycle lengths, indicated that the cloprostenol had no adverse effects in the majority of heifers. However, about 30 per cent of the heifers that responded to an initial injection of cloprostenol given in the mid luteal phase of the cycle failed to respond to a second injection. Some of these heifers had abnormal progesterone profiles and subsequent reproductive patterns. Fertility, following one or two subcutaneous injections of cloprostenol and artificial insemination at the set times of 72 and 96 hours, was 30 and 46 per cent respectively. However, if only heifers inseminated at the optimum time were considered, fertility at pregnancy diagnosis (73 and 65 per cent) and calving (53 and 57 per cent) was acceptable.

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445 RELATIONSHIPS OF LUTEAL PHASE VARIABLES (PRIOR TO AI) WITH FOLLICULAR WAVES IN WATER BUFFALOES

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rdv22n1ab445 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 379

Author(s):

H. Kohram ◽

G. Mohammadi ◽

E. Dirandeh

Keyword(s):

Luteal Phase ◽

Ultrasound Examination ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Prostaglandin F2α ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Estrous Cycles ◽

Plasma Progesterone ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Follicular Waves

This study was done to consider relationships of luteal phase variables (prior to AI) with follicular waves. The estrous cycles of 15 buffaloes were synchronized with 2 i.m. injections of prostaglandin F2α given 11 days apart. The buffaloes were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments. Buffaloes in the control treatment received no treatment, whereas G6 buffalos received a GnRH injection between Day 5 and 7 and G16 buffalos received a GnRH injection between Day 15 and 17 of the estrous cycle (estrus = Day 0). Daily, from estrus Day 0 to the next estrus Day 23, buffaloes had their ovaries scanned by ultrasound. Blood samples were collected by tail following each ultrasound examination from estrus until next estrus (estrus = 0). Concentrations of plasma progesterone were determined by radioimmunoassay kit. The limit of detection of the assay was 0.1 45 ng mL-1 and the intra- and interassay coeffients of variation were 7.4% and 9.2%, respectively. Data were analyzed by using PROC GLM of SAS (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). For comparisons between groups, the 2-sample t-test was used for continuous traits, such as size of CL or hormone concentrations. Prospective comparisons of indices of progesterone indicated that the length of luteal lifespan was longer in 3-wave than in 2-wave buffaloes (P < 0.01). Plasma progesterone concentrations were similar at peak and measured as area under the curve on Day 5 through 17 preceding insemination in 2-wave (5.30 ± 0.40 ng mL-1) and 3-wave buffaloes (5.10 ± 0.20 ng mL-1). Length of the luteal phase (defined as from the day of estrus until the last day on which plasma progesterone remained >2 ng mL-1) was <2 days shorter in 2-wave buffaloes than in 3-wave buffaloes (15.20 ± 0.40 v. 17.10 ± 0.50 d; P < 0.05). In addition, the day of peak progesterone occurred earlier in 2-wave buffaloes (13.50 ± 0.30 v. 15.30 ± 0.70 d; P < 0.05).

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Effects of treatment with a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogue on follicle development in dairy cows fed one of two different diets

BSAP Occasional Publication ◽

10.1017/s0263967x00034108 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 451-455

Author(s):

E.C.L. Bleach ◽

C.L. Moore ◽

H.J. Zeale ◽

P.G. Knight

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Luteal Phase ◽

Cycle Length ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Oestrous Cycle ◽

Follicle Development ◽

Releasing Hormone ◽

Ovulatory Follicle ◽

Metabolisable Energy ◽

Phase Length

AbstractFollicle development occurs in two or three waves during the bovine oestrous cycle. Artificially extending the duration of ovulatory follicle dominance influences pregnancy rates in cattle, as does the interval from emergence to oestrus in dairy cows undergoing spontaneous oestrous cycles. The objectives of the presented study were to determine whether the interval from ovulatory follicle emergence to oestrus might be altered by diet and/or gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) treatment. Lactating primiparous Holstein/Friesian cows (n=21) were randomly allocated to one of two diets at calving (Diet 1, n=ll, DM 480 g/kg, metabolisable energy 12.0 MJ/kg DM crude protein 178 g/kg DM, oil B 48 g/kg DM, neutral detergent fibre 318 g/kg DM and diet 2, n=10, DM 440 g/kg, metabolisable energy 12.1 MJ/kg DM, crude protein 172 g/kg DM, oil B 40 g/kg DM, neutral detergent fibre 300 g/kg DM). From 10 days after observed oestrus (oestrus 1), ovarian follicular and luteal development was monitored by daily transrectal ultrasonography until the subsequent oestrus and ovulation. A GnRH analogue was injected (i.m.; 10 μg) 12 days after oestrus 1 in 6 cows fed diet 1 and 5 cows fed diet 2. Oestrous cycle length was longer (p<0.05) in control cows fed diet 1 than those fed diet 2. Treatment with GnRH increased (p<0.005) cycle length in cows fed diet 2 but not those fed diet 1. Increases in cycle length observed were associated with longer luteal phase length. Follicular phase length was reduced (p<0.05) by GnRH treatment in cows fed diet 1. Ovulatory follicles emerged later (p<0.05) in control cows fed diet 1 than those fed diet 2. GnRH treatment delayed (p<0.01) the emergence of the ovulatory follicle in cows fed diet 2, this delay was associated with an increase (p<0.05) in the incidence of 3 follicle waves in oestrous cycles following GnRH treatment. The interval from emergence of the ovulatory follicle to the subsequent oestrus was similar among the treatment groups. We conclude that treatment with GnRH during the mid-luteal phase may delay the emergence of the ovulatory follicle. However, the response is dependent on diet fed. Where ovulatory follicle emergence is delayed, the interval from emergence to the subsequent oestrus was unaffected since oestrous cycle length is extended.

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Effect of prostaglandin F2α on ovarian and pituitary function in the mid-luteal phase

Prostaglandins ◽

10.1016/0090-6980(78)90034-5 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 327-332 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Pauli Kajanoja ◽

Ranta Tapio ◽

Seppälä Markku

Keyword(s):

Luteal Phase ◽

Prostaglandin F2α ◽

Pituitary Function

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The effects of raising post-oestrus progesterone concentrations on luteal activity in post-partum dairy cows

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800050554 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 68 (3) ◽

pp. 527-532 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

A. O. Darwash ◽

G. L. Ward ◽

G. E. Lamming ◽

J. A. Woolliams

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Untreated Control ◽

Luteal Phase ◽

Post Partum ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Holstein Friesian ◽

The Mean ◽

And Control ◽

Phase Length ◽

Friesian Cows

AbstractIn order to investigate the rationale of manipulating post-ovulation progesterone (P4) concentrations, luteal activity was measured in 10 Holstein-Friesian cows treated with a progesterone-releasing device (CIDR, 1·9 g P4) inserted on the morning of day 2 post-oestrus for a period of 7 days and compared with 10 untreated control animals. Milk samples were collected daily during afternoon milking from 7 days pre- to 24 days post-oestrus and P4 concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA). The milk P4 profiles were used to assess the effects of early post-oestrus P4 elevation on five intervals of the luteal phase. In the treated (T) and control (C) animals, the mean interval from oestrus to P4 rise (≥3 μg/l), was 2·38 (s.e. 0·18) and 4·90 (s.e. 0·28) days, respectively, (P < 0·01). The mean interval from oestrus to the attainment of peak P4 concentrations was not significantly different (P > 0·05) between the T (14·75 (s.e. 1-62) days) and С (14·30 (s.e. 0·70) days) animals, with cows in the T group showing a more variable (F7 9 = 4-30, P < 0·05) interval to the occurrence of the peak. The interval from peak P4 to corpus luteum (CL) regression (when P4 fell below ≥3 μg/l) was not significantly different between the T (4·13 (s.e. 1·30 days) and С (5·60 (s.e. 0·88) days) groups. Furthermore, CIDR insertion did not alter luteal phase length, number of days with P4 concentrations ≥3 μg/l (T = 16·50 (s.e. 0·80) v.C = 15·00 (s.e. 0·47) days) or the interval from oestrus to CL regression (T = 18·88 (s.e. 0·79) v.C = 19·90 (s.e. 0·41) days). We conclude that treatment with CIDR 2 days after oestrus successfully increased the availability of P4 to cows without significantly affecting luteal phase characteristics.

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PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS AND THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932099003934 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 393-402 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

KATHERINE A. SANDERS ◽

NEVILLE W. BRUCE

Keyword(s):

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Luteal Phase ◽

Mood States ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Stress Hormone ◽

Stress Levels ◽

The Relationship ◽

Hormone Excretion ◽

Phase Length

The relationship between mood states, urinary stress hormone output (adrenaline, noradrenaline and cortisol) and adequacy of the menstrual cycle was examined in 120 recorded non-conception cycles from 34 women. It was hypothesized that women with higher stress levels would be more likely to experience abnormal cycles and that within women higher stress levels would positively relate to follicular phase length and inversely relate to luteal phase length. There was a non-significant trend for women to report higher stress levels during oligomenorrhoeic and unclear cycles compared with normal cycles. Analysis of covariance indicated that there was no consistent relationship between the measures of stress used here and follicular or luteal phase length within women. There was also no consistent pattern of relationship between reported mood states and stress hormone excretion within women. Further research is warranted to understand the role of stress and subtle menstrual cycle abnormalities in female fertility.

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Prospective evaluation of luteal phase length and natural fertility

Fertility and Sterility ◽

10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.11.022 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 107 (3) ◽

pp. 749-755 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Natalie M. Crawford ◽

David A. Pritchard ◽

Amy H. Herring ◽

Anne Z. Steiner

Keyword(s):

Luteal Phase ◽

Natural Fertility ◽

Prospective Evaluation ◽

Phase Length

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CHANGES IN OVARIAN AND PITUITARY FUNCTION IN NON-PREGNANT WOMEN DURING THE INFUSION OF PROSTAGLANDIN F2α

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0800676 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 80 (4) ◽

pp. 676-685 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. A. Elias ◽

J. R. Newton ◽

W. P. Collins

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Intravenous Administration ◽

Luteal Phase ◽

Prostaglandin F2α ◽

Mean Value ◽

Prostaglandin F ◽

The Mean ◽

Serial Samples ◽

Mean Concentration ◽

Venous Plasma

ABSTRACT The concentrations of prostaglandin F2α, progesterone, oestradiol, LH and cortisol have been determined in serial samples of peripheral venous plasma, before, during and after, the intravenous administration of prostaglandin F2α (50 μg/min, for 5 h) to 8 women in the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle. The results show that the mean concentrations of prostaglandin F2α and cortisol increased during the infusion by factors of 8.8 and 2.6 respectively. The highest levels of cortisol occurred after 3 h, and were significantly different (P < 0.0005, Student's t-test) from those obtained before the infusion. There were progressive decreases in the concentrations of LH and progesterone. After 3 h the values for LH were significantly lower (P < 0.0025) than those before the administration of prostaglandin F2α, and the lowest mean value was 26 % of the control. The values for progesterone were significantly lower (P < 0.025) after 5 h, and the mean value at this time was 38 % of the control. The pattern of the mean concentration for oestradiol was similar to that for progesterone. The levels of all 5 compounds had returned to normal within 1 h after completion of the infusion. The findings are discussed.

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