scholarly journals Cross-Cultural Differences in Coping, Connectedness and Psychological Distress among University Students

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-125
Author(s):  
Aileen M Pidgeon ◽  
Tara S. Bales ◽  
Barbara C.Y Lo ◽  
Peta Stapleton ◽  
Heidi B. Magyar
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
University Students ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Orientations ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Academic Coping ◽  
Campus Connectedness

Globally the high prevalence of psychological distress among university students is concerning. Two factors associated with low psychological distress among university students are adaptive coping strategies and campus connectedness. The current study examines the cross-cultural differences among university students across three countries, Australia, United States of America and Hong Kong in the utilization of academic coping strategies, levels of campus connectedness and psychological distress. Cross-cultural differences were examined using the theory of cultural orientations; individualism and collectivism. Participants consisted of 217 university students. The results indicated no significant differences between the countries on individualism or collectivism or on the reported use of academic coping strategies and levels of campus connectedness. Lower use of avoidance coping and higher levels of campus connectedness predicted significantly lower psychological distress for university students in all countries. The implications of the results are discussed along with limitations and future directions.

scholarly journals Cultural variations in global and local attention and eye-movement patterns during the perception of complex visual scenes: Comparison of Czech and Taiwanese university students

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242501
Author(s):  
Jiří Čeněk ◽  
Jie-Li Tsai ◽  
Čeněk Šašinka
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Scene Perception ◽  
Cognitive Styles ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Global And Local

Previous research on cross-cultural differences in visual attention has been inconclusive. Some studies have suggested the existence of systematic differences in global and local attention and context sensitivity, while others have produced negative or mixed results. The objective in this study was to examine the similarities and differences in holistic and analytic cognitive styles in a sample of Czech and Taiwanese university students. Two cognitive tasks were conducted: a Compound Figures Test and a free-viewing scene perception task which manipulated several focal objects and measured eye-movement patterns. An analysis of the reaction times in the Compound Figures Test showed no clear differences between either sample. An analysis of eye-movement metrics showed certain differences between the samples. While Czechs tended to focus relatively more on the focal objects measured by the number of fixations, the Taiwanese subjects spent more time fixating on the background. The results were consistent for scenes with one or two focal objects. The results of a correlation analysis of both tasks showed that they were unrelated. These results showed certain differences between the samples in visual perception but were not as systematic as the theory of holistic and analytic cognitive styles would suggest. An alternative model of cross-cultural differences in cognition and perception is discussed.

scholarly journals Cross-Cultural Differences in Sexting Practices between American and Spanish University Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2058
Author(s):  
Aina M. Gassó ◽  
José R. Agustina ◽  
Esperanza Goméz-Durán
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
University Students ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Original Sample ◽  
Sexual Content ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
American Students

Despite the growing body of research regarding sexting and online sexual victimization, there is little evidence exploring cultural differences in association with those behaviors. The aim of this study was to examine cultural differences in sexting practices by comparing an American sample and a Spanish sample of university students. The original sample was composed of 1799 college students, including 1386 Spanish college students and 413 American Students, with 74% of female participants, and ages ranging from 18 to 64 years old (mean age = 21.26, SD= 4.61). Results indicate that American students sext more than Spanish students and have higher probabilities of being victims of nonconsensual dissemination of their sexual content. However, Spanish students receive more sexts than American students. Although our results show differences between the Spanish and the American samples that might be modulated by cultural factors, the vulnerability of females regarding sexting remains unchanged. Additionally, differences in specific characteristics of the behaviors (such as perceived risk, receiver of the sexual content, intensity of the sexual content, and motive for sexting) were also studied. Further results and implications are discussed in relation to cultural differences.

Preventing compulsive shopping among young South-Africans and Germans

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Duh ◽  
Teichert Thorsten
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Family Resources ◽  
Compulsive Shopping ◽  
Content Type ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Young Consumers ◽  
Money Attitude

PurposeYoung consumers globally are susceptible to becoming compulsive shoppers. Having negative consequences and considering that compulsive shopping may originate from past family life experiences, this study aims to use human capital life-course and positive-activity theories to suggest a socio-psychological pathway for prevention. It also examined the mediating influence of happiness and money attitude.Design/methodology/approachUniversity students in South Africa (N= 171) and in Germany (N= 202) were surveyed. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to test relationships and multi-group analysis (MGA) assessed cross-cultural differences.FindingsEmotional family resources received during childhood positively impacted happiness at young adulthood, which was found to be a positive driver of budget money attitude. Budget money attitude in turn limited compulsive shopping for German young consumers but not for South Africans. Cross-cultural differences are also observed in mediating effects of happiness and budget money attitude.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is based on self-reported data from university students; this might limit the generalisability of findings.Social implicationsA positive relationship between happiness and desirable money attitude was confirmed. This study additionally contributes by showing that for South African and German young consumers, adequate childhood emotional family resources is a happiness’ driver. This thus exposes the multiplier effects of simple acts of showing love and attention to children and how these family emotional resources can progressively limit dysfunctional consumer behaviour in the future.Originality/valueUnlike complex psychotherapeutical and psychopharmacological treatments of compulsive buying that are being suggested, this study borrows from family, consumer and economic–psychological disciplines to suggest simple preventive measures.

Religious Schema within a Muslim Ideological Surround

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Ghorbani ◽  
P. J. Watson ◽  
Mahmood Amirbeigi ◽  
Zhuo Job Chen
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Psychological Adjustment ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Interreligious Dialogue ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
The West ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences

With Religious Schema Scales in the West, Truth of Texts and Teachings correlates negatively with the commitment to interreligious dialogue recorded by Xenosophia. This measure of fundamentalism also predicts problematic religious and psychosocial functioning. The present project examined Religious Schema Scales in university students and Islamic seminarians in the Muslim cultural context of Iran. Truth of Texts and Teachings correlated positively rather than negatively with Xenosophia and predicted religious and psychological adjustment. The adaptive implications of Truth of Texts and Teachings were especially evident in Islamic seminarians. These results supplemented previous Religious Schema data from India and Malaysia in suggesting that fundamentalism may have more positive implications outside the West. Cross-cultural differences in fundamentalism more generally support arguments of an Ideological Surround Model that the incommensurability of religious and other social rationalities requires careful research attention.

Cognitive gadgets: A provocative but flawed manifesto

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Del Giudice
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Evolutionary Approach ◽  
Genetic Inheritance ◽  
Double Standards ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Cherry Picking ◽  
Dichotomous Thinking

Abstract The argument against innatism at the heart of Cognitive Gadgets is provocative but premature, and is vitiated by dichotomous thinking, interpretive double standards, and evidence cherry-picking. I illustrate my criticism by addressing the heritability of imitation and mindreading, the relevance of twin studies, and the meaning of cross-cultural differences in theory of mind development. Reaching an integrative understanding of genetic inheritance, plasticity, and learning is a formidable task that demands a more nuanced evolutionary approach.

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