Multiple Case Study of the Effect of Social Capital on Transaction Costs of Small Enterprises in Sri Lanka

Market mechanism particularly in developing countries provides asymmetrical information which leads to create opportunism and bounded rationality that are the root causes to generate Transaction Cost (TC). Therefore, Small Enterprises (SEs) face serious difficulty in governing TC that discriminates particularly against SEs. Instead, SEs develop informal and personal relationships, inter-personal trust and norms (i.e. social capital) with external actors expecting information which facilitates SEs to minimize TC through the mitigation of opportunism and bounded rationality. Therefore, the paper attempts to study how does social capital facilitate to mitigate TC particularly in SEs in Sri Lanka? Case study method was mainly applied to collect data from six SEs purposively selected from Ratnapura District in Sri Lanka. Data was analysed employing directed approach to content analysis.Results of multiple case study show that SEs have ability to access low cost, reliable and quick information and information about exchange partners together with their reliabilities using their Social Capital (SC). Such information facilitates SEs to improve their rationality in decision making process. SEs usually get support from network members to assess information which leads to improve the rationality in decision making on transactions. Accordingly, SC on one hand facilitate SEs to access and assess information that affect the mitigation of bounded rationality and on the other hand provide information about exchange partners that helps SEs to mitigate opportunism. Thus, SC affects the decrease of TC of SEs through the improvement of access and assess information which lead to mitigate bounded rationality and opportunism.

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Creating autonomous learners in the teaching of English as a second language (ESL) in Zimbabwean secondary schools : a reality or a myth?

Journal of African Languages and Literary Studies ◽

10.31920/2633-2116/2020/v1n3a6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 103-132

Author(s):

Rungamirai Matiure ◽

Erick Nyoni

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Second Language ◽

Multiple Case Study ◽

Document Analysis ◽

Learner Autonomy ◽

Case Study Design ◽

Midlands Province ◽

Multiple Case ◽

Comprehensive Framework

This study explored the utility of the learner autonomy concept in the Zimbabwean O Level English as a Second Language (ESL) classroom focusing on three Gweru urban high schools of the Midlands Province. The researchers intended to establish whether learner autonomy was a reality or just a myth in Zimbabwean classrooms. A qualitative multiple case study design was applied focusing on teaching strategies, availability of resources, challenges faced and ways of optimising it. Questionnaires and document analysis were used for data collection. The findings revealed that the concept did not manifest in explicit terms, the learners did not participate in decision making, and the teachers were not adequately prepared to administer autonomous processes with students. For it to be a reality, the Education Ministry is recommended to establish a comprehensive framework of how autonomous learning should be implemented. Teacher training should explicitly focus on how to develop autonomous learners. Teachers ought to be flexible enough to accommodate learners' contributions towards their learning.

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Participative decision making in schools in individualist and collectivist cultures: The micro-politics behind distributed leadership

Educational Management Administration & Leadership ◽

10.1177/17411432211001364 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 174114322110013

Author(s):

Mor Hodaya Or ◽

Izhak Berkovich

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Distributed Leadership ◽

Multiple Case Study ◽

Extreme Case ◽

Public High Schools ◽

Case Study Method ◽

Case Selection ◽

Multiple Case ◽

Shed Light

Despite the popularity of distributed leadership theory, the investigation of the micro-political aspects of such models have scarcely been explored, and insights on the cultural variety of distributed practices in schools are limited. The present study aimed to explore what micro-political aspects emerge in participative decision making in collectivist and individualist cultures. To this end, a multiple case study method was adopted, focusing on four Israeli public high schools. Schools were chosen to represent an ‘extreme’ case selection rationale: two non-religious urban schools representing individualist cases, and two communal schools in religious kibbutzim representing communal schools. The analysis shed light on three micro-political points of comparison between the prototypes of participative decision making in collectivist and individualist cultures related to control, actors, and stage crafting. The findings and implications are discussed.

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ELEMENTS OF SOURCING STRATEGIES IN FM SERVICES - A MULTIPLE CASE STUDY

International Journal of Strategic Property Management ◽

10.3846/1648715x.2006.9637556 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 249-267 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Tomi Ventovuori

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Geographical Area ◽

Multiple Case Study ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Strategy Development ◽

Sourcing Strategies ◽

Sourcing Strategy ◽

Starting Point ◽

Multiple Case

The aim of this paper is to identify the different elements of the sourcing strategy decision‐making process and to clarify what are the factors that lead to the selection of a certain sourcing strategy in FM services. The study is based on a literature review and a multiple case study, which was conducted with four organizations representing different types of FM service clients. To find the optimal sourcing strategy and understand the consequences of different sourcing options, five decision categories must be analysed: sourcing interface, organizational decision‐making, the scope of service package, the geographical area of sourcing and relationship type. There are also some other elements that must be taken into account in the process of sourcing strategy development such as different elements of business in general and the prevailing market conditions. It is strongly suggested that companies could apply the presented integrated approach as a starting point for the development of sourcing strategies in FM services. In addition, this study shows that companies should view the development of sourcing strategies as an important phase of the procurement cycle.

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The Role of Accelerator Designs in Mitigating Bounded Rationality in New Ventures

Administrative Science Quarterly ◽

10.1177/0001839218782131 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (4) ◽

pp. 810-854 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Susan L. Cohen ◽

Christopher B. Bingham ◽

Benjamin L. Hallen

Keyword(s):

Bounded Rationality ◽

New Ventures ◽

Multiple Case Study ◽

New Venture ◽

External Information ◽

Start Up ◽

Multiple Case ◽

Established Firms

Using a nested multiple-case study of participating ventures, directors, and mentors of eight of the original U.S. accelerators, we explore how accelerators’ program designs influence new ventures’ ability to access, interpret, and process the external information needed to survive and grow. Through our inductive process, we illuminate the bounded-rationality challenges that may plague all ventures and entrepreneurs—not just those in accelerators—and identify the particular organizational designs that accelerators use to help address these challenges, which left unabated can result in suboptimal performance or even venture failure. Our analysis revealed three key design choices made by accelerators—(1) whether to space out or concentrate consultations with mentors and customers, (2) whether to foster privacy or transparency between peer ventures participating in the same program, and (3) whether to tailor or standardize the program for each venture—and suggests a particular set of choices is associated with improved venture development. Collectively, our findings provide evidence that bounded rationality challenges new ventures differently than it does established firms. We find that entrepreneurs appear to systematically satisfice prematurely across many decisions and thus broadly benefit from increasing the amount of external information searched, often by reigniting search for problems that they already view as solved. Our study also contributes to research on organizational sponsors by revealing practices that help or hinder new venture development and to emerging research on the lean start-up methodology by suggesting that startups benefit from engaging in deep consultative learning prior to experimentation.

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The CyberSecurity Audit Model (CSAM)

Cyber Security Auditing, Assurance, and Awareness Through CSAM and CATRAM - Advances in Digital Crime, Forensics, and Cyber Terrorism ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-4162-3.ch008 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 149-232

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Decision Making ◽

Empirical Research ◽

Multiple Case Study ◽

Education Institution ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Nation State ◽

Canadian Higher Education ◽

Multiple Case

This chapter presents the outcome of two empirical research studies that assess the implementation and validation of the cybersecurity audit model (CSAM), designed as a multiple-case study in two different Canadian higher education institution. CSAM can be applied for undertaking cybersecurity audits in any organization or nation state in order to evaluate and measure the cybersecurity assurance, maturity, and cyber readiness. The architecture of CSAM is explained in central sections. CSAM has been examined, implemented, and established under three research scenarios: (1) cybersecurity audit of all model domains, (2) cybersecurity audit of numerous domains, and (3) a single cybersecurity domain audit. The chapter concludes by showing how the implementation of the model permits one to report relevant information for future decision making in order to correct cybersecurity weaknesses or to improve cybersecurity domains and controls; thus, the model can be implemented and sufficiently tested at any organization.

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Conducting Transnational Higher Education Multiple-Case Study Research: Researcher Reflexivity and Decision-Making Processes

10.4135/9781473972933 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Claudia Marie Bordogna

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Decision Making ◽

Case Study Research ◽

Multiple Case Study ◽

Study Research ◽

Transnational Higher Education ◽

Decision Making Processes ◽

Multiple Case

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Das Chamäleon-Modell als Erklärungsmuster für die Organisationsstrukturen von Unternehmerfamilien

ZfKE – Zeitschrift für KMU und Entrepreneurship ◽

10.3790/zfke.67.1.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 1-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rena Haftlmeier-Seiffert ◽

Sven Cravotta

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Family Business ◽

Research Question ◽

Multiple Case Study ◽

Economic Stability ◽

Family Organization ◽

The Family ◽

Different Types ◽

Multiple Case

Zusammenfassung Offensichtlich sind es die Unternehmerfamilien, die ihrem Familienunternehmen eine besondere wirtschaftliche Stabilität verleihen. Dies ist allerdings nur möglich, wenn sie sicherstellen, dass sie stets handlungs- und entscheidungsfähig sind. Die hier verfolgte Forschungsfrage lautet deshalb: Wie organisieren Unternehmerfamilien ihre Entscheidungsfähigkeit? Das Chamäleon-Modell zeigt, dass bei Unternehmerfamilien verschiedene Organisationsformen latent vorhanden sind. Diese werden flexibel eingesetzt, je nachdem, was zielführend ist, um schnell zu tragfähigen Entscheidungen zu gelangen. D.h. die Unternehmerfamilienorganisation wechselt also ihre explizite Organisationsform wie ein Chamäleon die Farbe. Das Chamäleon-Modell wurde aus einer multiplen Fallstudie entwickelt, bei der vier traditionsreiche Unternehmerfamilien intensiv untersucht wurden. Abstract Apparently, it is the family that grants outstanding economic stability to the family business. However, this is only possible, if the family ensures to be always capable of acting and of making decisions. This leads us to the following research question: How do entrepreneurial families organize their decision-making ability? The Chameleon Model shows, that there are different types of organization latent available for entrepreneurial families. These are used flexibly, depending on what is leading to quick and stable decisions. That is to say, the entrepreneurial family organization changes the explicit organization form like a chameleon the colour. The Chameleon Model was developed from a multiple case study, analyzing four traditional entrepreneurial families in depth.

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