scholarly journals Changes in Soil Acidity Attributes in Areas of Municipal Organic Waste Composting, Santa Catarina, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 794-806
Author(s):  
Cleiton Junior Ribeiro Lazzari ◽  
Matheus Junckes Müller ◽  
Monique Souza ◽  
Jucinei José Comin ◽  
Rafael da Rosa Couto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
History Of ◽  
Aluminum Saturation ◽  
Soil Changes

Composting is an alternative for treating and recycling municipal solid waste. Composting directly on the soil changes the attributes related to soil acidity. The study aimed to evaluate the influence of municipal solid waste composting in a small scale system on the attributes related to the acidity of soils used for making compost piles. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30-40 cm in four areas under composting (1C, 2C, 3C and 4C) and four adjacent reference areas with no history of composting (1R, 2R, 3R and 4R). The soil was submitted to evaluation of pH in water, total organic carbon (TOC), potential acidity (H+Al), aluminum saturation and base saturation. We found the composting in a small scale system with piles directly on the soil promoted the increase of soil pH values, TOC contents and base saturation up to 40 cm, regardless of the time of use. This shows the potential of the leachate to reduce acidity and aluminum saturation in the subsoil.

Estimating Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in Oman Using Different Frameworks

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-348
Author(s):  
Tariq Umar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Gulf Cooperation Council ◽  
Council Member ◽  
Tackle Climate Change

Reduction in emissions is the key to tackle climate change issues and achieve environmental sustainability. The Gulf Cooperation Council member countries however, not only generate the highest quantity of MSW/capita when compared globally but also in most of these countries such waste is just dumped at different landfill stations. In Oman, the total quantity of MSW stood at 2.0 million tonnes/year. The emission from this waste is estimated at 2,989,467 tonnes/year (CO2 Equivalent). This article attempts to develop frameworks that considered landfilling, composting, and recycling of MSW and compared the emissions of these frameworks. The framework (F2) which proposes the landfilling and composting process for the organic waste which normally goes to landfills results in an increase of emissions by 7% as compared to landfill practice. Similarly, the samples of MSW collected in Oman show a good amount of recycling waste. The framework (F3) which considers the landfill, composting, and recycling reduced the total Greenhouse Gas emissions from 2,989,467 tonnes/year to 2,959,735 tonnes/year (CO2 Equivalent); representing a total reduction of 1% in emissions. Although composting increases the emissions, however, considering composting and recycling will not only reduce the burden on landfills but will promote agricultural and industrial activates.

Anaerobic digestion of organic waste in Japan: the first demonstration plant at Kyoto City

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Komatsu ◽  
T. Kimura ◽  
Y. Kuriyama ◽  
Y. Isshiki ◽  
T. Kawano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Yard Waste ◽  
Kyoto City ◽  
Demonstration Plant

Recycling of Municipal Solid Waste is vigorously promoted in Japan and the necessity of energy recovery from organic waste is increasing. An anaerobic digestion demonstration plant for organic waste in Kyoto City, Japan has been operated for about two years. Three kinds of wastes (garbage and leftovers from hotels, yard waste and used paper) mixed at various ratios are used. The plant has maintained stable operations with each mixture, generating biogas by the decomposition of VS at the rate of about 820 m3N/ton-VS.

Bioenergy II: Bio-Ethanol from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW): The Role of Biomass Properties and Structures During the Ethanol Conversion Process

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiduan Li ◽  
Majeda Khraisheh
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Conversion Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Substrate Composition ◽  
Substrate Properties ◽  
Promising Source

The emerging biofuel industry demands large amount of biomass feedstock. Although commercial ethanol has been produced from primary biomass sources such as corns, the global food crisis caused by the use of primary biomass has been raised. Thus, lignocellulosic biomass, known as second generation of biomass, has become a promising source for ethanol production. However, the more complex structure requires more advance technology. MSW with more than 60% of biodegradable composition, as one of the promising biomass sources has the potential benefits of replacing primary biomass and preventing environment from MSW pollution.In this paper, three major biodegradable municipal solid waste (BMSW) components: kitchen organic waste (KOW), green organic waste (GOW) and paper and card waste (PCW), are classified and characterised according to substrate composition, cellulose crystallinity, bulk density and particle size. The substrate composition indicates how much cellulose, lignin, hermicellulose each model waste has. The cellulose content shows the potential glucose/ethanol product yield. Other chemical composition such as lignin and hemicellulose indicates how easy of each model waste can be converted. These contents are also important information when selecting pretreatment methods and conversion process conditions in the following steps.Based on the comprehensive understanding of biomass structures and compositions, studies look into the effects of substrate properties (such crystallinity, presence of lignin and cellulose content on process performances during enzymatic hydrolysis adsorption. Results indicated how the adsorption process is affected by the substrate properties. This provides understanding of the role of substrate properties during enzyme-cellulose adsorption.

Study on Prediction of Municipal Solid Waste and Fee Rates of Nanchong City by Pls Regression

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 2786-2789
Author(s):  
Tie Song Li ◽  
Cheng Ming Li
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Sanitary Landfill ◽  
Pls Regression ◽  
Garbage Disposal ◽  
Gas Utilization ◽  
City Gas ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

Nanchong city has a history of more than 2200 years. Nanchong city has a population of 795000 people in 2010, and the city Gas utilization rate is 96.03% .city sanitation department of life garbage disposal way as the focus on sanitary landfill. This document explains and demonstrates how to predict city solid waste, based on solid waste amount , from 2011 to 2015 , per month fee rates are 11.75 to 16.71 yuan/family by polluters pay principle (PPP).

Co-composting as an oxygen stabilization of an organic fraction of municipal solid waste and industrial sewage sludge

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1697-1706
Author(s):  
M. Milczarek ◽  
E. Neczaj ◽  
K. Parkitna
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Good Method ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Industrial Sewage ◽  
Industrial Sewage Sludge

The purpose of this work is to study the characteristics of the co-composting of municipal solid waste (MSW), sewage sludge, grass and sawdust. Differing proportions of biodegradable waste were investigated through changes of temperature, oxygen consumption, organic matters, moisture content, carbon, nitrogen, C/N ratio as well as heavy metals and pathogen microorganisms content. The present study has shown that addition of MSW above 10% had a negative impact on the composting process. The initial C/N of the mixtures with a higher MSW content was below 18. Lower losses of organic matter occurred during composting for the mixture with the highest addition of MSW. Although studies have shown that composting is a good method for the disposal of organic waste additional research is required in order to optimize the organic and nitrogen compounds degradation during the co-composting process. In conclusion, a 1:4:4:1 mixture of MSW:sewage sludge:grass:sawdust is recommended because it can achieve high temperature as well as the highest organic matter degradation and highest N content in the final composting product. The concentration of heavy and light metals in all composts was within the limits of regulation of the Polish Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development.

scholarly journals Waste Composition Evaluation for Solid Waste Management Guideline in Highland Rural Tourist Area in Thailand

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Nittaya Pasukphun ◽  
Yanasinee Suma ◽  
Anuttara Hongtong ◽  
Vivat Keawdunglek ◽  
Pussadee Laor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Msw Management ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

This study investigated municipal solid waste generation rate and its compositionincluding the level of knowledge, attitude and practice on municipal solid waste (MSW) management of highland rural tourist area in Chiang Rai Province, Mae Salong Nok Sub-district, Thailand in order to propose the guidelines for effective MSW in rural tourist areas. Samples of MSW were collected during weekdays and several weekends, and separated into 4 categories: general,recyclable, organic and hazardous waste. About 40 % of the MSW consisted of organic waste; plastic bags were widely present, comprising more than 60 % of the mass of the general waste group. Level of knowledge, attitude and practice(KAP) on MSW was evaluated using questionnaires. While respondents scored 80 % and 76 %, respectively, on their level of knowledge of, and attitude to MSW, practice fell far short at only 37 %. The results led to a recommendation to strengthen waste separation at source, implement waste reduction and recycling concepts to reduce the volume of plastic bags, and introduce composting of food waste. The study also highlights economic and financial benefits of waste recycling. Additional value-added could be derived from the organic waste recycling program by promoting production of bioextracts and compost at household level, in order to reduce the amount of organic wastes and carbon emissions. The general and recyclable wastes could also be converted to energy as refuse-derived fuel 2 (RDF-2); the estimated average heating value of this RDF-2 was 23.56 MJ kg-1. To sustain MSW management in tourist areas, environmental education and environmental awareness campaigns are needed, using the appropriate local languages for communication, and introduction of a fairer system based on the polluter-pays principle for the business sector.

scholarly journals Simulation and Optimization of Municipal Solid Waste Combustion: A Case Study of a Fixed Bed Incinerator

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
Arthur M. Omari ◽  
John P. John ◽  
Baraka Kichonge
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Waste Incinerator ◽  
Simulation And Optimization

In this study, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technique was used to develop a model for the simulation and flow conditions of the incinerator. The CFD technique are based on subdividing the volume of interest, i.e., the combustion chamber (or other parts of the plant) into a grid of elementary volumes. The relevant equations of conservation (mass, momentum, energy) are then applied to each of those elements, after defining all inputs, outputs and boundary conditions. The resulting system is then integrated from start to finish, after introducing momentum, mass and heat transfer. The objective of the study was to evaluate and optimize the performance of locally available incinerators in Tanzania. The small scale municipal solid waste incinerator modelling was done by using a fluent solver. The case study of the existing incinerator at a Bagamoyo hospital in Tanzania was used as a model and the obtained values were compared with simulated results and other publications for validation. The design optimization using CFD techniques to predict the performance of incinerator showed the deviation of input air by 14%, the mass flow rate by 26.5%, the mass fraction of carbon dioxide by 10.4% and slight deviation of nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide. The study suggested removing the ash during the incineration process by using a moving grate mechanism to minimize the possibility of formation of NOX. The study found the maximum mass flow rate capacity of incinerator to be 68kg/h with input air A1 as 0.03639 kg/s, input air A2 as 0.03046 kg/s and input air A3 as 0.03409 kg/s. The findings indicated that as capacity is scaled up, the available momentum declines relative to the dimensions of the furnace.

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