scholarly journals Valorization of Phosphate Waste Sludge as a Nonhazardous Fire Resistant Material added to Concrete mix

2019 ◽  
Vol 05 (09) ◽  
pp. 178-184
Author(s):  
H. M. Shaker ◽  
Shimaa M. Abdel Moneim ◽  
FA. Refaie ◽  
Hanan S. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Material ◽  
Waste Sludge ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
Fire Resistant Material

scholarly journals Geopolymer foam as a passive fire protection

2018 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 00031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Łach ◽  
Dariusz Mierzwiński ◽  
Kinga Korniejenko ◽  
Janusz Mikuła
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Density Measurement ◽  
Resistant Material ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Passive Fire Protection ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Fire Resistant Material

More than 200 firefighters and 40 fire engines were involved in battling the blaze of Grenfell Tower in June 2017. Despite the heroic efforts of fire brigades the more than 80 people died. In the expert opinion the reason such size of the tragedy were the cladding - installed on in a recent renovation - has come under scrutiny, with experts saying a more fire-resistant type could have been used. The use of such type of cladding was probably price. The main motivation of research work is to develop cheap and fire resistant material for buildings and applications in civil engineering structures. The main aim of the research was development of foamed geopolymers based on fly ash and investigation their properties. The research methods used were: coefficient thermal conductivity test, fire-resistant test, visual analyses, density measurement and compressive strength test. The results show the foamed geopolymers has low coefficient thermal conductivity between 0.068 and 0.126 W/(m·K). They have excellent fire and heat resistant facilities, including resistance of this type of materials to the erosive action of fire. Moreover, they have reasonable mechanical properties - they were characterized by compressive strength between 0.5 and 3.5 MPa depending on the density, which ranged from 250 to 700 kg/m3. The conducted research confirmed that geopolymers have the highest fire resistance classes and can be used on a wide scale as a material for protection against various types of fire and as fire-resistant insulation materials in construction.

scholarly journals Benzoxazine Monomers and Polymers Based on 3,3′-Dichloro-4,4′-Diaminodiphenylmethane: Synthesis and Characterization

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1421
Author(s):  
Viktoria V. Petrakova ◽  
Vyacheslav V. Kireev ◽  
Denis V. Onuchin ◽  
Igor A. Sarychev ◽  
Vyacheslav V. Shutov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Main Product ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Resistant Material ◽  
Ethanol Mixture ◽  
Fire Resistant Material ◽  
Effect Of Chlorine

To reveal the effect of chlorine substituents in the ring of aromatic amine on the synthesis process of benzoxazine monomer and on its polymerization ability, as well as to develop a fire-resistant material, a previously unreported benzoxazine monomer based on 3,3′-dichloro-4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane was obtained in toluene and mixture toluene/isopropanol. The resulting benzoxazine monomers were thermally cured for 2 h at 180 °C, 4 h at 200 °C, 2 h at 220 °C. A comparison between the rheological, thermal and fire-resistant properties of the benzoxazines based on 3,3′-dichloro-4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane and, for reference, 4,4′-diaminodimethylmethane was made. The effect of the reaction medium on the structure of the oligomeric fraction and the overall yield of the main product were studied and the toluene/ethanol mixture was found to provide the best conditions; however, in contrast to most known diamine-based benzoxazines, synthesis in the pure toluene is also possible. The synthesized monomers can be used as thermo- and fire-resistant binders for polymer composite materials, as well as hardeners for epoxy resins. Chlorine-containing polybenzoxazines require more severe conditions for polymerization but have better fire resistance.

Influence of Features of Silicon Carbide Ceramic Matrix Composite (Cp/SiC) on Carbon Content

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 1639-1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
You Jun Lu ◽  
Yan Min Wang
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Carbon Particle ◽  
Ceramic Matrix Composite ◽  
Mechanochemical Method ◽  
Resistant Material ◽  
Silicon Carbide Ceramic ◽  
Sic Ceramic ◽  
Sic Composites ◽  
Fire Resistant Material ◽  
Better Than

In this article, the properties of carbon particle modified silicon carbide (Cp/SiC) composites was studied. The mixture powder of nano carbon black and submicro-SiC was prepared through soft mechanochemical method. Then Cp/SiC composites was pressureless sintered.The result shows that appropriate content of carbon is 25 percent in this condition the machinability of Cp/SiC is better than that of SiC ceramic. At the same time, the oxidation resistence, wear resistence, and flexure strength of Cp/SiC meet the challenge for special fire resistant material.

Three in one: sizing, grafting and fire retardant treatment for producing fire-resistant textile material

2020 ◽  
pp. 152808372095741
Author(s):  
Adham Salimovich Rafikov ◽  
Ozoda Muhammadsodik Kizi Yuldosheva ◽  
Sardorbek Khodjibaevich Karimov ◽  
Mukaddas Shamuratovna Khakimova ◽  
Dilfuza Ozotovna Abdusamatova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Effect ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Textile Material ◽  
Cotton Yarn ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Resistant Material ◽  
Conservation Of Natural Resources ◽  
Fire Resistant Material

In the weaving industry, cotton yarn undergoes mandatory sizing to uniformly pass the threads through the mechanisms of weaving machines, reduce breakage and improve the weaving process. Sizing is only necessary for weaving, and then sizing substances are removed from the fabric. With a successful combination of the sizing process and special processing of fabrics, significant progress is achieved in the technology of manufacturing fire-resistant fabrics and a significant economic, environmental effect. The purpose of the study is the development of a fire-retardant composition based on collagen, a method of grafting collagen to cellulose at the stage of sizing cotton yarn and obtaining fire-resistant textile material. By grafting a sizing composition containing collagen, polyacrylamide, boric acid, urea and potassium persulfate to cellulose, a highly effective fire-resistant material was obtained. The introduction of collagen and polyacrylamide in the composition sticks together the fibers of the yarn, at the same time makes the cotton material non-flammable when exposed to direct fire, reduces the time of smoke and the coefficient of smoke formation, which made it possible to obtain fire-resistant textile material belonging to a high category. By combining the processes of sizing and fire retardant processing of the main and weft yarns using biodegradable collagen, the technological operations of the production of fire-resistant material are reduced, which contributes to the conservation of natural resources and the solution of an acute environmental problem.

Reengineering of A Stainless-Steel Fire Boom for Use in Conjunction With Conventional Fire Booms

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 (1) ◽  
pp. 533-538
Author(s):  
Ian Buist ◽  
Steve Potter ◽  
James McCourt ◽  
P. Lane ◽  
P. Newsom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Resistant Material ◽  
Safety Test ◽  
Operational Life ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Engineering Drawings ◽  
Fire Resistant Material

ABSTRACT Many existing refractory fabric fire booms will deteriorate quickly in use and may require frequent replacement in a large-scale burn operation. These problems can be minimized, or even eliminated, by using a highly durable and fire-resistant material in the pocket of the boom where the highest heat and stress loads exist. In this project, an existing, large stainless steel boom was reengineered to reduce its size, weight, and cost. The large boom was designed, constructed, and tested successfully in the early 1980s; however, because of the rigorous criteria used for the original design, it is expensive, heavy, and cumbersome to deploy. The project was completed in nine phases:The existing boom was redesigned to reduce its cost, size, weight, and handling problems, and to make it compatible with existing boom systems.A prototype section of the reengineered boom was constructed for testing.The boom was tested in Lake Erie to evaluate its towing and sea-keeping characteristics.The prototype was tested at OHMSETT to quantify its oil-containment capability.Three hours of burn tests in waves were conducted in a diesel fire at the U.S. Coast Guard Fire and Safety Test Detachment in Mobile, Alabama.Postburn tow tests were performed at OHMSETT to confirm the containment capability of the boom after the diesel-fire exposure.Three hours of burn tests in waves were carried out in enhanced propane flames at OHMSETT.Destructive testing was used to estimate the operational life of the flexible connector sections, and the tensile strength of several key load-bearing components.Finally, the design of the boom was refined, and final detailed engineering drawings and a report were produced. The boom passed all tests. The final design is presented in the paper. The boom may be purchased commercially from Applied Fabrics Technologies, Inc.

scholarly journals Enhancement of physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of biocomposite for the fire resistant material application

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 5423-5428
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Resistant Material ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Fire Resistant Material ◽  
Scanning Electron

This study deals with the enhancement of physical and mechanical properties of oil palm empty fruit bunch fibers (OPEFB) for new fire resistant material application. Two flame retardants (organic and inorganic) were applied to improve the fire resistant capability of the produced fibers. The fire resistant capability was tested according to the ASTM D6413-99 method. Mechanical properties were characterized using a universal testing machine and the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was performed to investigate their thermal behaviors. The surface morphology of the produced fibers was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This study found that the fire resistant capability of the fibers can be improved by the addition of flame retardants. Thermal properties of the treated fibers can be enhanced compared to the untreated fibers. Mechanical properties inspection revealed that increasing the flame retardant concentration (0.5 to 1 M) can improve their tensile strength but started to decrease at a higher concentration (3 M). In general, the present work successfully performed the enhancement of non-woven OPEFB properties for foreseeable fire resistant material applications.

Slurry Bioremediation of Petrochemical Waste Sludges

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Castaldi ◽  
D. L. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Petrochemical Production ◽  
Waste Sludge ◽  
Petrochemical Waste ◽  
Test Reactor

Slurry bioremediation testing was conducted on waste sludges from petrochemical production. The study concludes that the apparent mechanism for remediation of the waste involves an initial dissolution of the waste constituents into the aqueous phase followed by actual biodegradation. The test reactor most successful in the solubilization and dispersal of waste constituents and possibly most effective in reducing waste sludge mass during treatment is the reactor with the lowest waste sludge-to-microorganism ratio.

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