scholarly journals Benzoxazine Monomers and Polymers Based on 3,3′-Dichloro-4,4′-Diaminodiphenylmethane: Synthesis and Characterization

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1421
Author(s):  
Viktoria V. Petrakova ◽  
Vyacheslav V. Kireev ◽  
Denis V. Onuchin ◽  
Igor A. Sarychev ◽  
Vyacheslav V. Shutov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Main Product ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Resistant Material ◽  
Ethanol Mixture ◽  
Fire Resistant Material ◽  
Effect Of Chlorine

To reveal the effect of chlorine substituents in the ring of aromatic amine on the synthesis process of benzoxazine monomer and on its polymerization ability, as well as to develop a fire-resistant material, a previously unreported benzoxazine monomer based on 3,3′-dichloro-4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane was obtained in toluene and mixture toluene/isopropanol. The resulting benzoxazine monomers were thermally cured for 2 h at 180 °C, 4 h at 200 °C, 2 h at 220 °C. A comparison between the rheological, thermal and fire-resistant properties of the benzoxazines based on 3,3′-dichloro-4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane and, for reference, 4,4′-diaminodimethylmethane was made. The effect of the reaction medium on the structure of the oligomeric fraction and the overall yield of the main product were studied and the toluene/ethanol mixture was found to provide the best conditions; however, in contrast to most known diamine-based benzoxazines, synthesis in the pure toluene is also possible. The synthesized monomers can be used as thermo- and fire-resistant binders for polymer composite materials, as well as hardeners for epoxy resins. Chlorine-containing polybenzoxazines require more severe conditions for polymerization but have better fire resistance.

scholarly journals Benzoxazine Monomers and Polymers Based on 3,3’-Dichloro-4,4’-Diaminodiphenylmethane: Synthesis and Characterization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoria Petrakova ◽  
Vyacheslav Kireev ◽  
Denis Onuchin ◽  
Igor Sarychev ◽  
Vyacheslav Shutov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
13C Nmr ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Main Product ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
13C Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
1H And 13C Nmr

As a result of this work, a previously unreported benzoxazine monomer based on 3,3'-dichloro-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane was obtained, characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and its thermal and rheological properties were studied. A comparison between the properties of benzoxazines based on diamines (3,3'-dichloro-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane and 4,4’-diaminodimethylmethane). The effect of the reaction medium on the structure of the oligomeric fraction and the overall yield of the main product was studied. The synthesized monomers can be used as thermo- and fire-resistant binders for polymer composite materials, as well as hardeners for epoxy resins.

The Mechanical Properties of Organic Modified Epoxy Resin

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Georgel MIHU ◽  
Claudia Veronica UNGUREANU ◽  
Vasile BRIA ◽  
Marina BUNEA ◽  
Rodica CHIHAI PEȚU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Epoxy Matrix ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Organic Modification ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Modified Epoxy

Epoxy resins have been presenting a lot of scientific and technical interests and organic modified epoxy resins have recently receiving a great deal of attention. For obtaining the composite materials with good mechanical proprieties, a large variety of organic modification agents were used. For this study gluten and gelatin had been used as modifying agents thinking that their dispersion inside the polymer could increase the polymer biocompatibility. Equal amounts of the proteins were milled together and the obtained compound was used to form 1 to 5% weight ratios organic agents modified epoxy materials. To highlight the effect of these proteins in epoxy matrix mechanical tests as three-point bending and compression were performed.

Synthesis and characterization of some polyimide-epoxy composites

e-Polymers ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toheed Akhter ◽  
Humaira Masood Siddiqi ◽  
Zareen Akhter ◽  
M. Saeed Butt
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Char Yield ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Tetracarboxylic Acid ◽  
Epoxy Amine

AbstractComposites from some novel polyimide and commercial epoxy were prepared aiming to improve the thermal behavior of epoxy resins. Two diamines namely 4-4'-diamino-4''-hydroxytriphenyl methane (DHTM) and 4-4'- diaminotriphenyl methane (DTM) were synthesized by reacting aniline and aldehydes according to a reported method. The synthesized diamines were blended with commercially available epoxy 1, 4-butanedioldiglycidylether (BDDE) to synthesize model epoxy amine networks which were compared with polyimideepoxy composites. The polyimides were synthesized by reaction of these diamines with aromatic anhydride namely 3,3',4,4'-benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (BTDA). These synthesized polyimides were dispersed in epoxy diamine networks to prepare composites. All the monomers and composites were characterized by making use of various analytical techniques including FTIR, NMR, TGA, DSC and XRD. Presence of hydroxyl group in the diamine helped in better dispersion of polyimide leading to high Tg and high char yield at 600 °C.

scholarly journals High-Temperature Synthesis of Metal–Matrix Composites (Ni-Ti)-TiB2

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2426
Author(s):  
Vladimir Promakhov ◽  
Alexey Matveev ◽  
Nikita Schulz ◽  
Mikhail Grigoriev ◽  
Andrey Olisov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Metal Matrix Composite ◽  
Matrix Composite ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Temperature Synthesis ◽  
High Temperature Synthesis

Currently, metal–matrix composite materials are some of the most promising types of materials, and they combine the advantages of a metal matrix and reinforcing particles/fibres. Within the framework of this article, the high-temperature synthesis of metal–matrix composite materials based on the (Ni-Ti)-TiB2 system was studied. The selected approaches make it possible to obtain composite materials of various compositions without contamination and with a high degree of energy efficiency during production processes. Combustion processes in the samples of a 63.5 wt.% NiB + 36.5 wt.% Ti mixture and the phase composition and structure of the synthesis products were researched. It has been established that the synthesis process in the samples proceeds via the spin combustion mechanism. It has been shown that self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) powder particles have a composite structure and consist of a Ni-Ti matrix and TiB2 reinforcement inclusions that are uniformly distributed inside it. The inclusion size lies in the range between 0.1 and 4 µm, and the average particle size is 0.57 µm. The obtained metal-matrix composite materials can be used in additive manufacturing technologies as ligatures for heat-resistant alloys, as well as for the synthesis of composites using traditional methods of powder metallurgy.

Synthesis and Characterization of Mg-Matrix Based TiO2/Al2O3 Composite Materials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sohail ◽  
Sanaullah Khan ◽  
Shafiq ur Rahman ◽  
Bilal Ahmad ◽  
Adnan Adnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Al2o3 Composite

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of PEDMCD as a flame retardant and its application in epoxy resins

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2756-2766
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Weiwei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Direct Polycondensation ◽  
Polycondensation Reaction ◽  
Highly Effective

In this study, a highly effective flame retardant agent, called polybicyclopentaerythritol phosphate-O-4-imino-p-phenylmethane-4-imino-2-chloro-1,3,5-s-triazine (PEDMCD), has been prepared through a direct polycondensation reaction.

scholarly journals Kinetics and Mechanism of the Change of the 4-Nitrobenzylthio-System into 4,4′-Diformylazoxybenzene in Alkaline Dioxane-Water Media

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 1128-1132
Author(s):  
Y. Riad ◽  
Adel N. Asaad ◽  
G.-A. S. Gohar ◽  
A. A. Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Main Product ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Aqueous Dioxane ◽  
Proton Abstraction ◽  
First Order ◽  
Water Media ◽  
Different Temperatures

Sodium hydroxide reacts with α -(4-nitrobenzylthio)-acetic acid in aqueous-dioxane media to give 4,4'-diformylazoxybenzene as the main product besides 4,4'-dicarboxyazoxybenzene and a nitrone acid. This reaction was kinetically studied in presence of excess of alkali in different dioxane-water media at different temperatures. It started by a fast reversible a-proton abstraction step followed by two consecutive irreversible first-order steps forming two intermediates (α -hydroxy, 4-nitrosobenzylthio)-acetic acid and 4-nitrosobenzaldehyde. The latter underwent a Cannizzaro's reaction, the products of which changed in the reaction medium into 4,4'-diformylazoxybenzene and 4,4'-dicarboxyazoxybenzene. The rate constants and the thermodynamic parameters of the two consecutive steps were calculated and discussed. A mechanism was put forward for the formation of the nitrone acid.Other six 4-nitrobenzyl, aryl sulphides were qualitatively studied and they gave mainly 4,4'-diformylazoxybenzene beside 4,4'-dicarboxyazoxybenzene or its corresponding azo acid.

Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Na-CMC dari A-Selulosa Serabut Kelapa Sawit

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 375-381
Author(s):  
Indriani Indriani ◽  
Abu Hasan ◽  
Anerasari Meydinariasty
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Optimal Composition ◽  
Palm Fiber ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
Reaction Media ◽  
By Products

Na-CMC adalah eter polimer selulosa linier yang digunakan sebagai bahan pengental, pengemulsi dan penstabil. Salah satu bahan dasar pembuatan Na-CMC yaitu serabut kelapa sawit. Serabut kelapa sawit merupakan salah satu hasil samping terbesar yang dihasilkan dalam proses pengolahan minyak kelapa sawit dan dapat dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber selulosa karena mengandung selulosa hingga 59,60%. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mendaptakan komposisi optimal campuran media reaksi isopropanol-etanol dan konsentrasi asam trikloroasetat serta konsentrasi NaOH dengan memvariasikan komposisi media reaksi isopropanol-etanol menjadi 20:80; 40:60; 50:50; 60:40 dan 80:20, sedangkan untuk konsentrasi asam trikloroasetat yaitu 15%, 20% san 25% dan untuk konsentrasi NaOH adlah 15% dan 20%. Didapat bahwa  komposisi optimal media reaksi pada proses sintesis Na-CMC terdapat pada campuran isopropanol-etanol 80:20 dengan konsentrasi asam trikloroasetat 25% dan konsentrasi NaOH 20% menghasilkan nilai DS yang tertinggi yaitu sebesar 0,8124 dengan kemurnian dan pH berturut-turut sebesar 99,68% dan 7,9.   Na-CMC is a linear cellulose polymer ether used as a thickener, emulsifier and stabilizer. One of the basic ingredients for making Na-CMC is palm fiber. Palm fiber is one of the largest by-products produced in the palm oil processing process and can be used as a source of cellulose because it contains up to 59.60% cellulose. The purpose of this study was to obtain the optimal composition of the isopropanol-ethanol reaction media mixture and the concentration of trichloroacetic acid and NaOH concentration by varying the composition of the isopropanol-ethanol reaction medium to 20:80; 40:60; 50:50; 60:40 and 80:20, while the concentrations of trichloroacetic acid were 15%, 20% and 25% and the concentrations of NaOH were 15% and 20%, respectively. It was found that the optimal composition of the reaction medium in the Na-CMC synthesis process was found in a mixture of isopropanol-ethanol 80:20 with a concentration of 25% trichloroacetic acid and 20% NaOH concentration resulting in the highest DS value of 0.8124 with purity and pH respectively. 99.68% and 7.9.

scholarly journals Investigation of the properties of composite materials based on epoxy resins with microsilica additives

2021 ◽  
Vol 318 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
M.A. Serekpayeva ◽  
◽  
G.А. Kokayeva ◽  
R.K. Niyazbekova ◽  
S. Kardybai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Corrosion Protection ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Machine Maintenance ◽  
Resistance Increase ◽  
Dispersed Filler ◽  
Filler Particles

The outcomes of studying epoxy-based composite materials supplemented with microsilica are provided in the article. Microsilica was used as a filler. The samples were produced on the epoxy ED-20 basis supplemented with 2, 5 and 10 mas. % of microsilica. The structure and size of finely dispersed filler particles were defined. The obtained composites were tested for resistance to the effect of variable temperatures, corrosive, and abrasion. The study outcomes proved that samples supplemented with 2% of microsilica are more resistant to acid and alkali as well as to petrol than those ones supplemented with 25% of microsilica. Besides the amount of the filler from 2 to 10% doesn’t sufficiently affect the resistance to variable temperatures. When microsilica is added to epoxy resin, it causes scuff resistance increase. The conducted testing proved that the developed composite materials are resistant to the effect of variable temperatures, corrosive, and abrasion. This enables to use these materials as coatings and anti-corrosion protection during machine maintenance.

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