Reinvestigation of the ambient cistern and its related arachnoid membranes: an anatomical study

2011 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song-tao Qi ◽  
Jun Fan ◽  
Xi-an Zhang ◽  
Jun Pan
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Oculomotor Nerve ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Interpeduncular Cistern ◽  
Precise Understanding ◽  
Ambient Cistern ◽  
Anterior Choroidal ◽  
Tentorial Incisura ◽  
Operative Microscope

Object A precise understanding of the ambient cistern and its associated arachnoid membranes is helpful for accessing perimesencephalic lesions. However, few studies of the arachnoid membranes related to the ambient cistern have been published, and, additionally, some aspects of the ambient cistern also require further examination. The goal of this study was to reinvestigate and expound on the anatomical features of the cistern and membranes. Methods The ambient cisterns and its associated arachnoid membranes were examined in 20 adult cadaveric brains using an operative microscope. Results The perimesencephalic membrane is a set of inner arachnoid membranes surrounding the midbrain at the level of the tentorial incisura. It arises from the outer arachnoidal membranes covering the tentorial edge and the dorsum sellae and can be subdivided into anterior and posterior portions. The anterior membrane is actually the mesencephalic leaf of Liliequist membrane, which is divided into medial and lateral parts by the oculomotor nerve. The posterior membrane can be divided into horizontal and ascending parts. The ambient cistern is located above the perimesencephalic membrane and contains the anterior choroidal arteries, the posterior cerebral arteries, the basal vein, and sometimes the segments of the superior cerebellar arteries. It communicates with the carotid cistern, the interpeduncular cistern, the oculomotor cistern, the cerebellopontine and cerebellomesencephalic cistern, and the quadrigeminal cistern. Conclusions This study updates some information about the ambient cistern and its arachnoid membranes. The perimesencephalic membrane was identified and described in detail. The ambient cistern was verified to be a supratentorial cistern above the perimesencephalic membrane. The borders and contents of this cistern, as well as its relationship with adjacent cisterns, were also redefined.

scholarly journals Leaf morphoanatomy of an endemic massaranduba from Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monick Lima Carvalho ◽  
Cláudia Elena Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Leaf Architecture ◽  
Chapada Diamantina ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
The Family ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

Abstract: The Sapotaceae family is recognized for its economic importance, presenting food, medicinal and timber potential. Pouteria andarahiensis T.D.Penn., popularly known as "massaranduba", is endemic to Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil, and is currently classified on the IUCN red list as "endangered". Pouteria andarahiensis is little studied, highlighting this work as the first anatomical study for the species. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to perform anatomical studies. The species showed characters shared with the family (laticifers and malpiguiaceous trichomes), as well as diagnostic characters and associated with xeromorphy. The data obtained from the leaf architecture can assist in the identification of the species in a vegetative state, while the leaf surface provided unpublished data to the species, indicating the presence of a cuticle with complex ornamentation. Stand out as xeromorphic anatomical features, high stomatal density, high number of trichomes per area, sclerenchymatic columns in the mesophyll and a subepidermal sclerenchyma layer connecting the vascular bundles in the mesophyll.

scholarly journals Meningioma of posterolateral tentorial incisura: a case demonstration of paramedian supracerebellar transtentorial approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. V8
Author(s):  
Abdullah Keles ◽  
Burak Ozaydin ◽  
Mustafa K. Baskaya
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Region ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Total Resection ◽  
Tumor Extension ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tectal Plate ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Ambient Cistern ◽  
Tentorial Incisura ◽  
Transtentorial Approach

The paramedian supracerebellar transtentorial approach allows unobstructed exposure to the quadrigeminal cistern, tectal plate, pineal region, tentorial incisura, medial basal temporal lobe, and posterior ambient cistern. The authors present a meningioma of the posterolateral tentorial incisura case in a 62-year-old male who presented with a long history of upper-extremity tremors and walking difficulties. MRI revealed supra- and infratentorial tumor extension and hydrocephalus. This approach enabled us to achieve gross-total resection without causing neurovascular injury or any postoperative neurological deficits. For each pathology, the pros and cons of various approaches should be considered based on the anatomy, vasculature, and any surrounding structures. The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2021.4.FOCVID2138.

Anatomy of two species of Plumbago : a traditional medicinal plant and its relevance for taxonomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Smita Chaudhari
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Abundance And Distribution ◽  
Shape And Size

Plumbago is a traditional medicinal plant in Ayurveda. The paper presents anatomical study of leaf, petiole, stem and root of two species of Plumbago namely P. zeylanica, P. auriculata and, its relevance in discrimination of these two species. Anatomical features of leaf which are of diagnostic value in delimitation of both taxa are outline of T. S.,shape and size of epidermal cells, presence of sclerenchyma surrounding the vascular bundles, number of tannins cells. Characters of taxonomic significance in petiole anatomy are outline of T. S, presence of trichomes, shape and size of epidermal cells, abundance of collenchyma, arrangement and number of vascular bundles, presence of sclerenchyma surrounding vascular bundles, number of tannin cells. The diagnostically useful anatomical features of stem to discriminate both taxa of Plumbago are degree of elevation of stem ridges, occurrence of double layered epidermis, size of epidermal cells, distinctness of endodermis, abundance and distribution of pericyclicsclerenchyama, number of vascular bundles. Anatomical features of taxonomic significance in root are width of cortex and abundance of starch grains in cortex cells, abundance and distribution of pericyclics clerenchyama, amount of vascularization, distribution, diameter and density of vessels, width of medullary ray.

The anterior choroidal artery: An anatomical study of its area of distribution

1966 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. Herman ◽  
O. U. Fernando ◽  
E. S. Gurdjian
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Anterior Choroidal Artery ◽  
Anterior Choroidal ◽  
Choroidal Artery

Microsurgical and Tractographic Anatomical Study of Transtemporal-Transchoroidal Fissure Approaches to the Ambient Cistern

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emrah Egemen ◽  
Pinar Celtikci ◽  
Yücel Dogruel ◽  
Fatih Yakar ◽  
Defne Sahinoglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Anterior Commissure ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Fiber Tractography ◽  
Human Connectome Project ◽  
Fiber Dissection ◽  
Ambient Cistern

Abstract BACKGROUND Approaching ambient cistern lesions is still a challenge because of deep location and related white matter tracts (WMTs) and neural structures. OBJECTIVE To investigate the white matter anatomy in the course of 3 types of transtemporal-transchoroidal fissure approaches (TTcFA) to ambient cistern by using fiber dissection technique with translumination and magnetic resonance imaging fiber tractography. METHODS Eight formalin-fixed cerebral hemispheres were dissected on surgical corridor from the temporal cortex to the ambient cistern by using Klingler's method. The trans-middle temporal gyrus, trans-inferior temporal sulcus (TITS), and trans-inferior temporal gyrus (TITG) approaches were evaluated. WMTs that were identified during dissection were then reconstructed on the Human Connectome Project 1021 individual template for validation. RESULTS The trans-middle gyrus approach interrupted the U fibers, arcuate fasciculus (AF), the ventral segment of inferior frontoocipital fasciculus (IFOF), the temporal extensions of the anterior commissure (AC) posterior crura, the tapetum (Tp) fibers, and the anterior loop of the optic radiation (OR). The TITS approach interrupted U fibers, inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), IFOF, and OR. The TITG approach interrupted the U fibers, ILF, and OR. The middle longitudinal fasciculus, ILF, and uncinate fasciculus (UF) were not interrupted in the trans-middle gyrus approach and the AF, UF, AC, and Tp fibers were not interrupted in the TITS/gyrus approaches. CONCLUSION Surgical planning of the ambient cistern lesions requires detailed knowledge about WMTs. Fiber dissection and tractography techniques improve the orientation during surgery and may help decrease surgical complications.

Wood anatomy of the neotropical liana lineage Paullinia L. (Sapindaceae)

IAWA Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-300
Author(s):  
Joyce G. Chery ◽  
Israel L. da Cunha Neto ◽  
Marcelo R. Pace ◽  
Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez ◽  
Chelsea D. Specht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Secondary Phloem ◽  
Phylogenetic Constraint ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Ray Parenchyma ◽  
Functional Implications ◽  
Cambial Variants

Abstract The liana genus Paullinia L. is one of the most speciose in the neotropics and is unusual in its diversity of stem macromorphologies and cambial conformations. These so-called “vascular cambial variants” are morphologically disparate, evolutionarily labile, and are implicated in injury repair and flexibility. In this study, we explore at the finer scale how wood anatomy translates into functions related to the climbing habit. We present the wood anatomy of Paullinia and discuss the functional implications of key anatomical features. Wood anatomy characters were surveyed for 21 Paullinia species through detailed anatomical study. Paullinia woods have dimorphic vessels, rays of two size classes, and both septate and non-septate fibers. Fibriform vessels, fusiform axial parenchyma, and elements morphologically intermediate between fibers and axial parenchyma were observed. Prismatic crystals are common in the axial and/or ray parenchyma, and laticifers are present in the cortex and/or the early-formed secondary phloem. Some features appear as unique to Paullinia or the Sapindaceae, such as the paucity of axial parenchyma and the abundance of starch storing fibers. Although many features are conserved across the genus, the Paullinia wood anatomy converges on several features of the liana-specific functional anatomy expressed across distantly related lianas, demonstrating an example of convergent evolution. Hence, the conservation of wood anatomy in Paullinia suggests a combination of phylogenetic constraint as a member of Sapindaceae and functional constraint from the liana habit.

scholarly journals Delayed Pneumocephalus-Induced Cranial Neuropathy

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neena I. Marupudi ◽  
Monika Mittal ◽  
Sandeep Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Cranial Nerve ◽  
Nerve Palsy ◽  
Oculomotor Nerve ◽  
Nerve Compression ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Oculomotor Nerve Palsy ◽  
Cranial Neuropathy ◽  
Cranial Nerve Deficit ◽  
Moderate Amount ◽  
Interpeduncular Cistern

Pneumocephalus is a common occurrence after cranial surgery, with patients typically remaining asymptomatic from a moderate amount of intracranial air. Postsurgical pneumocephalus rarely causes focal neurological deficits; furthermore, cranial neuropathy from postsurgical pneumocephalus is exceedingly uncommon. Only 3 cases have been previously reported that describe direct cranial nerve compression from intracranial air resulting in an isolated single cranial nerve deficit. The authors present a patient who developed dysconjugate eye movements from bilateral oculomotor nerve palsy. Direct cranial nerve compression occurred as a result of postoperative pneumocephalus in the interpeduncular cistern. The isolated cranial neuropathy gradually recovered as the intracranial air was reabsorbed.

scholarly journals Perivascular Nerves of the Human Basal Cerebral Arteries: II. Changes in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1048-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald L. A. W. Bleys ◽  
Tim Cowen ◽  
Gerbrand J. Groen ◽  
Berend Hillen
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Aged Patients ◽  
Protein Gene Product ◽  
Perivascular Nerves ◽  
Intrinsic Nerve ◽  
Anterior Choroidal ◽  
Cryostat Sections

In the present study the intrinsic nerve plexuses of the basal cerebral arteries, derived from aged non-Alzheimer's and aged Alzheimer's disease patients were quantified and compared. A previous study described and quantified nerve density on similar arteries from healthy middle-aged patients. Whole-mount preparations of various segments of the basal cerebral arteries were stained for protein gene product 9.5. The deep nerve plexuses, located at the adventitial–medial border, were quantified by image analysis. Transverse cryostat sections were stained for various markers and quantified. Measurements on whole mounts demonstrated that nerve densities were highest in the posterior communicating artery and in the postcommunicating part of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) for both aged and Alzheimer's groups. Statistical comparison showed a tendency toward decreased nerve density with aging, which was significant for the internal carotid artery, precommunicating part of the PCA, and the anterior choroidal artery in both non-Alzheimer's and Alzheimer's aged groups. In addition, in Alzheimer's patients nerve density was significantly lower in the precommunicating part of the anterior cerebral artery compared with the healthy aged group. Measurements on sections confirmed the tendency to decreased innervation with aging. It is concluded that densities of deep perivascular nerves of human basal cerebral arteries are subject to localized changes caused by aging and Alzheimer's disease.

scholarly journals Novelties in secretory structures and anatomy of Rhynchosia(Fabaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
WANDERLEIA DE VARGAS ◽  
ÂNGELA L.B. SARTORI ◽  
EDNA S. DIAS
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Palisade Parenchyma ◽  
Taxonomic Assignment ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Number Of Layers ◽  
First Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

A comparative anatomical study was carried out on the secretory structures of leaflets from taxa belonging to the genus Rhynchosia - taxa difficult to delimit because of uncertain interspecific relations - in order to evaluate the potential diagnostic value of these anatomical traits for taxonomic assignment. A further objective was to establish consensual denomination for these secretory structures. The new anatomical features found in these taxa were sufficiently consistent to separate the species evaluated. The presence and localization of glandular-punctate structures bulbous-based trichomes, the number of layers in the palisade parenchyma and the arrangement of vascular units distinguish the taxa investigated and these characteristics can be extended to other species of Papilionoideae. The trichomes analyzed were described and classified into five types. Depicted in diagrams, photomicrographs, and by scanning electron microscopy, and listed for the first time at the genus and species levels. The information obtained served to effectively distinguish the taxa investigated among species of Papilonoideae.

Microsurgical Anatomy of the Cisternal Course of the Perforating Branches of the Posterior Communicating Artery

Neurosurgery ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 824-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Vincentelli ◽  
G. Caruso ◽  
F. Grisoli ◽  
P. Rabehanta ◽  
C. Andriamamonjy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Close Relationships ◽  
Oculomotor Nerve ◽  
Posterior Communicating Artery ◽  
Microsurgical Anatomy ◽  
Embryological Development ◽  
Interpeduncular Cistern ◽  
Anatomical Arrangement ◽  
Human Brains

Abstract Both the perforating branches-especially the extracerebral segments-and the arachnoidal anatomy at the level of the posterior communicating artery were studied in 60 human brains previously fixed in formalin. The close relationships between this artery and the oculomotor nerve are described, and it is noted that each of them is enclosed in its own arachnoidal compartment, which in the case of the posterior communicating artery is to be distinguished from the interpeduncular cistern. The latter cistern was found to contain only the terminal segments of the posterior communicating artery. The hypothalamic branches were within the inner wall of the arachnoidal cistern surrounding the posterior communicating artery. The variations in diameter of this artery are explained by its embryological development and are not related to the number and the diameter of the perforators. The posterior communicating artery was absent at times. The surgical implications of such a variable anatomical arrangement are discussed in the light of the literature.

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