Development of an iPhone application for sideline concussion testing

Professional athletes are taking concussion very seriously, and missed play due to concussion is no longer stigmatized. One fortuitous consequence is increased awareness of the detrimental effects of concussion among student athletes. Whereas professional athletes have access to formal in-competition evaluation and out-of-competition monitoring programs, the majority of student athletes, especially at the middle school and high school levels, do not. The authors therefore set out to create an easy-to-use iPhone application for sideline concussion testing and serial monitoring of these at-risk athletes.

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Getting Huge, Getting Ripped: A Qualitative Exploration of Recreational Steroid Use

Journal of Drug Issues ◽

10.1177/002204260803800412 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 1187-1205 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Matthew Petrocelli ◽

Trish Oberweis ◽

Joseph Petrocelli

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

At Risk ◽

Anabolic Steroids ◽

Academic Research ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Professional Athletes ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Steroid Use ◽

Knowledge And Attitudes ◽

Qualitative Exploration

Steroid use is only now being recognized as a national epidemic. Although American athletes have been using anabolic steroids since the 1950s, it was not until the 1980s that athletic governing bodies began to monitor and sanction illegal supplementation. It is easier to understand why paid, professional athletes might partake in steroid use; keeping up with the competition, sustaining or improving abilities, salary incentives and endorsements based on performance are but a few reasons. But it is more difficult to understand why adult nonprofessional athletes would eagerly flout the law and put their health at risk. Academic research into steroid use has largely ignored this populous group, instead focusing on professional, college or high school/adolescent athletes. Through semi-structured interviews with 37 recreational steroid users, this paper seeks to fill that void by exploring their motivations, knowledge, and attitudes toward illegal anabolic steroids. The findings are discussed in terms of their policy implications.

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At-Risk Program Links Middle School, High School Programs

NASSP Bulletin ◽

10.1177/019263659107553808 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 75 (538) ◽

pp. 45-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Julian Nevetsky

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Middle School ◽

At Risk ◽

School Programs ◽

High School Programs

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Socioeconomic status and outcomes after sport-related concussion: a preliminary investigation

Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics ◽

10.3171/2017.1.peds16611 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 652-661 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Scott L. Zuckerman ◽

Brian Holt Zalneraitis ◽

Douglas J. Totten ◽

Kolin E. Rubel ◽

Andrew W. Kuhn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Middle School ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Student Athletes ◽

Private Insurance ◽

Preliminary Investigation ◽

Symptom Duration ◽

Median Income ◽

Public Insurance ◽

Cox Regression Analysis

OBJECTIVEA significant proportion of patients experience long-term symptoms after sport-related concussion (SRC), and several factors have been associated with this protracted recovery. Limited data exist on the role of socioeconomic status (SES) on SRC outcomes. The objective in this study was to conduct a preliminary investigation to determine the effect of SES on outcomes after SRC in student-athletes treated at a regional sports concussion center.METHODSA retrospective cohort study of 282 middle school, high school, and collegiate student-athletes was conducted. An attempt was made to contact all patients seen at a comprehensive SRC center between January 2012 and May 2015 for in-depth interviews. Subsequent demographic data were collected. The SES was defined as follows: cost of living percentile, median income percentile, percentage of college graduates, percentage of homeowners, county type, and insurance status. Outcomes after SRC were defined as follows: days of symptom duration, days of missed school, and days of missed practice. Statistically controlled covariates included sex, race, age, body mass index, concussion history, neuropsychiatric history, and type of sport.RESULTSA total of 282 student-athletes consented and were studied. The median age was 15.8 years (range 11.6–22.2 years) and 61.4% of student-athletes were male. A previous concussion was incurred by 34.0% of student-athletes. Football was the most common sport (32.3%), followed by soccer (16.3%), and basketball (15.6%). The median symptom duration was 21 days (range 1–365 days); the median missed school days was 2 (range 0–90 days); and median for days of missed practice was 10 (range 0–150 days). After multivariate Cox regression analysis, no relationship between any of the 6 SES variables and symptom duration or missed practice was seen. However, individuals with private insurance had more missed days of school than those with public insurance (hazard ratio 0.46, 95% CI 0.26–0.83, p = 0.009).CONCLUSIONSIn a preliminary study of middle school, high school, and collegiate student-athletes, SES had no impact on the outcomes of symptom duration and missed practice. However, for individuals with private insurance, the return to school was slower than for those with public insurance. This pilot study reveals the complex relationship between SES and SRC recovery, which demands further study with more accurate and validated assessments of SES.

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Aetiology and incidence of sudden cardiac arrest and death in young competitive athletes in the USA: a 4-year prospective study

British Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1136/bjsports-2020-102666 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. bjsports-2020-102666 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Danielle F Peterson ◽

Kristen Kucera ◽

Leah Cox Thomas ◽

Joseph Maleszewski ◽

David Siebert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Middle School ◽

Cardiac Arrest ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Sudden Cardiac Arrest ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Professional Athletes ◽

Coronary Artery Anomalies ◽

Competitive Athletes

ObjectiveTo investigate the aetiology and incidence of sudden cardiac arrest and death (SCA/D) in US competitive athletes.MethodsProspective surveillance was conducted from 1 July 2014 to 30 June 2018 through the National Center for Catastrophic Sports Injury Research in collaboration with national sports organisations. Autopsy reports, death certificates, and medical records were reviewed by an expert panel to determine aetiology. Athlete participation statistics from the National Federation of State High School Associations and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) were used to calculate incidence rates per athlete-years (AY). Comparisons of incidence rates were calculated using incidence rate ratios (IRR) with 95% CIs.Results331 cases of confirmed SCA/D (158 survivors; 173 fatalities) were identified; 15.4% in middle school, 61.6% in high school and 16.6% in college and professional athletes. Average age was 16.7 (11–29) years, and the majority were in male (83.7%), basketball (28.7%) or American football (25.4%) athletes. Common causes included hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (20.6%), idiopathic left ventricular hypertrophy (13.4%), coronary artery anomalies (12.0%) and autopsy-negative sudden unexplained death (9.6%). Coronary anomalies were more common in middle school athletes (28%), while cardiomyopathies (hypertrophic, arrhythmogenic, dilated, non-compaction or restricted) accounted for 47% of cases in college and professional athletes. Incidence was higher in male versus female athletes at the high school (1:43 932 AY (95% CI 1:38 101 to 1:50 907) vs 1:203 786 AY (95% CI 1:145 251 to 1:293 794); IRR 4.6 (95% CI 3.1 to 7.2)) and NCAA (1:34 906 AY (95% CI 1:25 385 to 1:49 173) vs 1:123 278 AY (95% CI 1:66 078 to 1:249 853); IRR 3.5 (95% CI 1.5 to 9.5)) levels. African American male NCAA Division I basketball players had the highest annual incidence rate of SCA/D (1:2087 AY (95% CI 1:1073 to 1:4 450)).ConclusionsCardiomyopathies account for nearly half of SCA/D cases in college and professional athletes, while coronary artery anomalies play a more prominent role than expected in middle school athletes. Over half of SCA cases in athletes result in sudden death, calling for improved prevention strategies.

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The Present and Future of High School Admission System for Student-athletes: A Discourse on Mandatory Application of Middle School GPA for High School Entrance

Korean Journal of Sport Studies ◽

10.23949/kjpe.2019.07.58.4.13 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

pp. 175-191

Author(s):

Minjung Kwon ◽

Yeonkyung Jin ◽

Woosuk Kim

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Middle School ◽

Student Athletes ◽

School Entrance ◽

Admission System

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Adolescent Students Who Stutter: A Qualitative Exploration of School Experiences

Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups ◽

10.1044/2019_persp-19-00085 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 1327-1336

Author(s):

Tiffany R. Cobb ◽

Derek E. Daniels ◽

James Panico

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Middle School ◽

Peer Relationships ◽

Speech Therapy ◽

School Setting ◽

Image Data ◽

School Experiences ◽

Adolescent Students ◽

Therapy Decision ◽

Qualitative Phenomenological

Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the ways in which adolescent students who stutter perceive their school experiences. Method This study used a qualitative, phenomenological research design. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 7 adolescent students who stutter (3 in middle school and 4 in high school). Participants were interviewed about their school experiences, including the effects of stuttering on academics, learning, teacher relationships, peer relationships, speech therapy experiences, and self-image. Data analysis consisted of transcribing interviews and analyzing them for emerging themes. Results Findings revealed that participants described a variety of experiences around the school setting. Participants reported less favorable middle school experiences. Middle school participants reflected more on teasing, bullying, and feelings of embarrassment, whereas high school participants revealed that teachers, staff, and peers were receptive and accepting of them and their stuttering. All participants reported that their speech therapy helped with classroom participation. Conclusions As a result of the participants' varied experiences, it is important to listen to and incorporate the voices of students who stutter into school, classroom, and therapy decision-making practices.

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