Famous head injuries of the first aerial war: deaths of the “Knights of the Air”

World War I advanced the development of aviation from the concept of flight to the use of aircraft on the battlefield. Fighter planes advanced technologically as the war progressed. Fighter pilot aces Francesco Baracca and Manfred von Richthofen (the Red Baron) were two of the most famous pilots of this time period. These courageous fighter aces skillfully maneuvered their SPAD and Albatros planes, respectively, while battling enemies and scoring aerial victories that contributed to the course of the war. The media thrilled the public with their depictions of the heroic feats of fighter pilots such as Baracca and the Red Baron. Despite their aerial prowess, both pilots would eventually be shot down in combat. Although the accounts of their deaths are debated, it is undeniable that both were victims of traumatic head injury.

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Mode of occurrence of traumatic head injuries in male patients with cluster headache or migraine: Is there a connection with lifestyle?

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1177/0333102409359710 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 30 (12) ◽

pp. 1502-1508 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Giorgio Lambru ◽

Paola Castellini ◽

Gian Camillo Manzoni ◽

Paola Torelli

Keyword(s):

Head Injury ◽

Cluster Headache ◽

Head Injuries ◽

Traumatic Head Injury ◽

Study Objective ◽

Episodic Cluster Headache ◽

Mode Of Occurrence ◽

Traumatic Head ◽

Male Patients ◽

Headache Patients

Introduction: Our study objective was to investigate the mode of occurrence of traumatic head injury in episodic cluster headache and migraine patients. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on 400 male patients, 200 with cluster headache (cases) and 200 with migraine (controls). We investigated the frequency and mode of occurrence of traumatic head injury and some lifestyle habits. Results: The number of traumatic head injuries was significantly higher in cases than in controls (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.5–2.8). Cases were more often responsible for the head traumas (adjusted OR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.3–4.9) and reported a significantly higher proportion of injuries during scuffles or brawls (OR = 6.5; 95% CI = 2.9–14.8). Compared with other cluster headache patients, cases responsible for traumatic head injuries were more frequently heavy alcohol ( p = .000), heavy tobacco ( p = .03) and heavy coffee consumers ( p = .003). Conclusions: Cluster headache patients (a) had traumatic head injuries more frequently than migraineurs; and (b) were more often responsible for them, perhaps due to particular behaviours related to their lifestyles.

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The role of vagal insulin signaling and enteric hormones in acute stomach and duodenal erosions and ulcers associated with severe concomitant traumatic head injuries

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17750/kmj2015-485 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 96 (4) ◽

pp. 485-488

Author(s):

F I Alyev

Keyword(s):

Head Injury ◽

Insulin Signaling ◽

Vagal Stimulation ◽

Head Injuries ◽

Traumatic Injury ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Traumatic Head Injury ◽

Abdominal Organs ◽

History Of ◽

Traumatic Head

Aim. Clinical and experimental study of vagal insulin signaling and enteric hormones in occurrence of acute stomach and duodenal erosions and ulcers complicated by bleeding and associated with severe concomitant traumatic head injuries. Methods. Data of 347 patients with severe concomitant traumatic head injuries for 2011-2012 were used for clinical part of the study. Serum levels of insulin, gastrin, C-peptide, histamine, growth hormone, α-amylase were determined. In the experimental part, the model of acute stomach and duodenal erosions and ulcers associated with traumatic head injury were modeled. The first group consisted of 5 intact rats, the second group included 45 rats with modeled isolated traumatic head injury, the third group included 45 rats with modeled traumatic head injury associated with traumatic lung and chest injury, the fourth group included 45 rats with modeled traumatic head injury associated with abdominal organs traumatic injury, the fifth group included 45 rats with modeled traumatic head injury associated with limb and pelvic fractures. Results. Acute stomach and duodenal erosions and ulcers were found in 21 (6.1%) of 347 patients at endoscopy, mainly in those with the highest parameters of vagal insulin signaling and enteric hormones. At the experiment, all types of combined traumatic head injury increased the incidence of erosions as compared to the second group, with the highest incidence in the group of associated abdominal injury. Vagal stimulation and stimulation of enteric hormones secretion in animals of groups 2-5 was associated with higher incidence of erosions. In contrast, decreased vagal stimulation and enteric hormones secretion leaded to statistically significant reduction of erosions incidence in animals of groups 2-5 as compared both to the natural history of the process (first subgroup), and to animals which were administered 5% dextrose (glucose) and 0.1% histamine solutions (second subgroup). Conclusion. The incidence of erosions and ulcers, as well as the indicators of vagal stimulation and enteric hormones secretion depend on the nature of the accompanying injury that may be taken into account in the prevention and treatment of such complications.

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Intentional Head Injury: Survivor Victim's Profile, Gender Differences and Role of Alcohol Use at Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal

Birat Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.3126/bjhs.v2i1.17284 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 102-105

Author(s):

Alok Atreya ◽

T Kanchan ◽

BG Karmacharya

Keyword(s):

Head Injury ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Head Injuries ◽

Radiological Finding ◽

Physical Assault ◽

Traumatic Head Injury ◽

Minimum Age ◽

Traumatic Head

IntroductionHead is a vulnerable area in human body and also a favorable site for assaults which is easily accessible by assailant's raised arms. ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the socio demographic spectrum, severity, radiological findings and outcome of victims assaulted to the head. Furthermore, the study aims to correlate such findings to the role of alcohol use in Nepalese context. MethodologyThis longitudinal prospective study includes victims of traumatic head injury as a result of physical assault who were admitted in the Neurosurgery Unit of Manipal Teaching Hospital Pokhara, Nepal from 1st January to 31st December 2015. ResultsIntentional head injury accounted to 17.40% of all head injury cases admitted during the study period. Among them 48 (76.19%) were males and 15 (23.81%) were females. The minimum age of the patient was 15 years and maximum was 84 years with a mean age of 33.89±14.67 years. Most of the victims of physical assault belonged to the age group of 21 to 30 years. Blunt object was the most commonly used for assault. Loss of consciousness was associated only with 49.21% of cases and 14.29% cases had bleeding from ear and/or nose. More than 75% of the cases had significant radiological finding in the form of fracture and/or intracranial lesion. Majority of the victims during the study were treated conservatively and were discharged with advice. Alcohol use was involved in 36.51% cases of intentional head injuries. ConclusionIntentional injuries under the influence of alcohol use are totally preventable public health concerns. It can be ascertained that reducing availability and improving the environment in which alcohol is sold and consumed can result in a dramatic reduction in violent crimes.Birat Journal of Health Sciences Vol.2/No.1/Issue 2/ Jan - April 2017, Page: 102-105

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An Overview of Rehabilitation Considerations for Persons with Head Injuries

Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling ◽

10.1891/0047-2220.20.4.22 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 22-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Steven W. Ostwald

Keyword(s):

Head Injury ◽

Head Injuries ◽

Basic Knowledge ◽

Traumatic Head Injury ◽

Rehabilitation Professionals ◽

Visuospatial Deficits ◽

Head Injured ◽

Traumatic Head ◽

Left And Right

Each year, 400,000 to 600,000 individuals suffer traumatic head injury. Of these, approximately 30,000 to 50,000 will encounter long-term disability. The prevalence of head injury and the myriad of problems associated with it, make it critical that rehabilitation professionals possess basic knowledge of the problems and deficits encountered by head injured clients. This article addresses those aspects of head injury which are felt to be pertinent to the rehabilitation of the head injured client. Common deficits, resulting behavior, and suggestions are discussed as they relate to left and right cerebral damage. Communication and visuospatial deficits are important considerations when serving a head injured client. The head injured client's fatigability, memory deficits, loss of competence, increased anxiety, and motivation are examined from the rehabilitative perspective. Successful rehabilitation of the head injured client, although possible, is complicated by numerous factors not always encountered with other disabling conditions.

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Outcome of traumatic head injury in unknown patients

International Surgery Journal ◽

10.18203/2349-2902.isj20180366 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 633

Author(s):

Ankit Ahuja ◽

Siddhartha Verma ◽

Aditya Narayan Chaudhary

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Head Injury ◽

Head Injuries ◽

Traumatic Head Injury ◽

Organ Systems ◽

Traumatic Head ◽

Gcs Score ◽

Discharge From Hospital ◽

Time Of Admission

Background: Traumatic brain injury is the most common cause of death in trauma victims accounting for about half of deaths at the accident site. Most commonly, traumatic brain injury occurs in the presence of additional injuries to other major organ systems, but it can also occur in isolation. Complications from closed head injuries are the single largest cause of morbidity and mortality in patients who reach the hospital alive. The objective of this study was to determine the outcome of traumatic head injury in patients admitted in the Department of Neurosurgery as unknown.Methods: All patients admitted as “unknown” to Neurosurgery department with traumatic head injury were studied retrospectively. Data was collected regarding demography, mode of injury, clinical presentation at the time of admission, management and outcome of these patients.Results: Data pertaining to 107 unknown patients were collected. Most patients were found to be males in 3rd decade of their lives with vehicular accidents as the common mode of injury. Patients presenting with Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score <8 at the time of admission had poor outcome and associated with higher mortality. Intra-cranial hemorrhage were predominantly found on CT scan. Only one-third of the patients were discharged after treatment while half of them suffered untimely death.Conclusions: Outcome of these neglected patients is poorer in comparison to patients who are accompanied by their relatives. Their management from pre-hospital to treatment and discharge from hospital is fraught with challenges. They need special care from trained nursing staff as well as help from social workers for recovery and rehabilitation.

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Comparison between FOUR score and GCS in assessing patients with traumatic head injury: a tertiary centre study

International Surgery Journal ◽

10.18203/2349-2902.isj20170209 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 656 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sharath S. Nair ◽

Anilkumar Surendran ◽

Rajmohan B. Prabhakar ◽

Meer M. Chisthi

Keyword(s):

Head Injury ◽

Glasgow Coma Scale ◽

Head Injuries ◽

Neurological Status ◽

Initial Assessment ◽

Traumatic Head Injury ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Coma Scale ◽

Tertiary Centre ◽

Traumatic Head

Background: Head injuries are a major cause of mortality and morbidity across the world. Effective initial assessment and early intervention is of importance in patients with traumatic brain injury, so as to ensure the maximum favorable outcome. Glasgow Coma Scale is the widely accepted scale to assess severity in head injury patients, albeit with many inadequacies. The objective of this study was to test the validity of full outline of unresponsiveness score, an alternate tool, in assessing severity in patients with traumatic brain injury.Methods: This was a descriptive study, conducted on 69 patients admitted to the general surgical and neuro-surgical wards of Government Medical College, Trivandrum, India with traumatic head injury. For all these patients, full outline of unresponsiveness score and Glasgow Coma Scale were calculated at the time of presentation and serially thereafter. The predictive value of full outline of unresponsiveness score as well as its correlation with Glasgow Coma Scale was studied.Results: A statistically significant correlation was found between full outline of unresponsiveness score and Glasgow Coma Scale in estimating the severity of head injury. Also Full Outline of unresponsiveness score was able to furnish better details about the neurological status of trauma patients.Conclusions: As per the results, it can be concluded that the full outline of unresponsiveness score can be applied as an ideal tool to evaluate consciousness levels and patients’ status in patients with traumatic head injury. It can be used as the ideal replacement for Glasgow Coma Scale.

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Traumatic Head Injury: Implications for Rehabilitation Counseling

Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling ◽

10.1891/0047-2220.14.3.32 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 32-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ruth Torkelson Lynch

Keyword(s):

Head Injury ◽

Motor Vehicle ◽

Rehabilitation Counseling ◽

Head Injuries ◽

Traumatic Injury ◽

Traumatic Head Injury ◽

Vehicle Accidents ◽

Rehabilitation Professionals ◽

Head Injured ◽

Traumatic Head

Traumatic head injury is a topic of growing concern for rehabilitation professionals. Between 30,000 and 50,000 individuals each year are left with disabilities severe enough to preclude a return to normal life following traumatic head injury. Approximately one-half of the head injuries are caused by motor vehicle accidents, the incidence among males is almost twice that among females, and males fifteen to twenty-four years of age incur more head injuries than any other age group. Brain damage following traumatic injury is typically diffuse. Therefore, a unique set of temporary or permanent limitations may be evident, encompassing physical, cognitive-intellectual, and/or personality-emotional functioning. Flexibility in rehabilitation planning is of key importance in considering the complexity of potential limitations and their changeable nature. Professional awareness and training, specialized services and programs, advocacy for program eligibility in established agencies and programs, and individualized assessment and counseling are part of the exciting rehabilitation challenge in returning the head injured to productive lives.

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