Harvey Cushing’s international visitors

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Eric Suero Molina ◽  
Michael P. Catalino ◽  
Edward R. Laws
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Harvey Cushing ◽  
Peter Bent Brigham Hospital ◽  
International Visitors ◽  
Global Influence

Harvey Cushing is considered the father of neurosurgery, not just for his work within the United States, but also for his global influence through international visitors and trainees. Starting in 1920, the neurosurgical clinic at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston, led by Cushing, trained surgeons from all over the globe, many of whom returned home to establish neurosurgical departments and become neurosurgical pioneers themselves. The objective of this vignette is to highlight the importance of Cushing’s international trainees, describe their contributions, and discuss how each had an impact on the development of the practice of neurosurgery worldwide. The authors demonstrate how Cushing provided the impetus for a movement that revolutionized neurology and neurosurgery worldwide. Even today, international cooperation continues to shape the success of our delicate specialty.

The Grammar of Criminal Law

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
George P. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Order ◽  
International Criminal Law ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
The Future

This book is an invitation to readers interested in the future of international cooperation to master the 12 basic dichotomies of international criminal law. The book foresees a growing interest in international order and cooperation following the current preoccupation, in Europe as well as the United States, with national self-interest. By emphasizing basic dichotomies, for example, acts vs. omissions and causation vs. background conditions, the book reinforces the jurisprudential foundations of international criminal law and also provides an easy way to master the details of the field.

The Fourth Reverse Wave?

2022 ◽  
pp. 63-76
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
World Order ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Community ◽  
Reverse Wave ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
The U.S

This chapter examines the work of Samuel Huntington and his theory regarding waves of democratization. The chapter notes that the international community is witnessing a move away from the globalized world order that the era has facilitated (or de-globalization) and that de-democratization is seemingly occurring simultaneously. The chapter pays particular attention to the United States and actions that have been viewed as anti-democratic by the previous presidential administration, which has accelerated the global community's leeriness when it comes to international cooperation led by the U.S.

scholarly journals Cosmopolitanism, Patriotism, and Ecology

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Nel Noddings
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
American Exceptionalism ◽  
The United States ◽  
The World

Increasing globalization brings with it an increased need for international cooperation and the possibility of renewed interest in cosmopolitanism. Teaching for –even about—cosmopolitanism raises problems for teachers all over the world, but it is especially difficult for teachers in the United States because of the current revival of pride in “American exceptionalism.” After a brief discussion of the possible benefits and risks in teaching cosmopolitanism, I will explore an approach that may decrease the risks and increase the benefits. This promising approach might be called “ecological cosmopolitanism” (Noddings 2012).

Domestic politics, reputational sanctions, and international compliance

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong Hee Park ◽  
Kentaro Hirose
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Negotiations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Reputational Concerns

The argument that reputational concerns promote compliance is at the center of the literature of international cooperation. In this paper, we study how reputational sanctions affect compliance when domestic parties carry their own reputations in international negotiations. We showed that the prospect of international cooperation varies a lot depending on who sits at the negotiation table, how partisan preferences for compliance are different, and how much international audiences discriminate between different types of noncompliance. We illustrate implications of our model using episodes from the negotiations between the United States and North Korea over North Korea's nuclear weapons program.

scholarly journals International Cooperation and Negotiated Settlements for Transnational Bribery: A Study of the Odebrecht Case

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel de Mattos Pimenta ◽  
Otavio Venturini
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Assistance ◽  
Negotiated Settlements ◽  
Complex Forms ◽  
Joint Resolution

Abstract Transnational regulation of bribery involves several increasingly complex forms of cooperation among enforcement authorities. International investigative cooperation allows a foreign authority to assist another on criminal and/or civil investigations, through requests of mutual legal assistance, rogatory letters, as well as joint investigative teams. Sanction-based cooperation helps different authorities to transfer or extradite persons and recover proceeds of corruption to the victims. More recently, there has been a rise in cooperation in negotiated settlements with the accused. Settlement cooperation may entail joint resolutions or the coordination of settlement clauses. This paper focuses on how these three modes of cooperation intersect in cases with successive negotiated settlements. We use the Odebrecht case settlements to unpack the relation between investigative, sanction-based, and settlement cooperation in three case studies: the joint resolutions between the company and Brazil, Switzerland, and the United States, as well as two local agreements with the Dominican Republic and with Peru. We evidence how these modes of cooperation can reinforce or undermine one another. Beyond illustrating different cooperation dynamics, we also explore the role of sequencing. The existence of a previous joint resolution affects the developments of the subsequent agreements, but in different ways from those previously mapped by the literature.

scholarly journals Custom and Treaties as Interchangeable Instruments of National Policy

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart M. J. Szewczyk
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Law ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
National Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Customary International Law ◽  
Rules And Standards ◽  
Multilateral Treaties

As treaties decline, customary international law can be an important mechanism of international cooperation over the medium term. There are increasingly fewer treaties ratified by the United States, with a record-low number of five in 2009–2012, and fewer multilateral treaties adopted worldwide. Yet, the demand for global rules and standards has not abated. Thus, for many international questions where treaties are not available as a source of new rules, customary international law may serve as an interchangeable instrument of national policy.

scholarly journals The Revival of Nuclear Competition in an Altered Geopolitical Context: A Chinese Perspective

Daedalus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 149 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-68
Author(s):  
Li Bin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Nuclear Weapon ◽  
The United States ◽  
Strategic Objectives ◽  
Chinese Perspective ◽  
The Future ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The U.S

The U.S. government considers “power competition” to be the nature of the relations among big powers, and that it will have an impact on the evolving nuclear order in the near future. When big powers worry about power challenges from their rivals, they may use the influence of nuclear weapons to defend their own power and therefore intensify the danger of nuclear confrontation. We need to manage the nuclear relations among nuclear-weapon states and nuclear-armed states to avoid the risk of nuclear escalation. The fact is that big powers including the United States have neither the interest nor the capability to expand their power, and understanding this might cause big powers to lose their interest in power competition. If we promote dialogue among nuclear-weapon states and nuclear-armed states on their strategic objectives, it is possible to reduce the power competition that results from misperceptions and overreactions. Some other factors, for example, non- nuclear technologies and multinuclear players, could complicate the future nuclear order. We therefore need to manage these factors as well and develop international cooperation to mitigate nuclear competition.

Cooperative Preservation in the United States

1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Patricia Battin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Federal Funding ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quality Controls ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bibliographic Records ◽  
Bibliographic Data ◽  
Cooperative Enterprise ◽  
Funding Support

A nationwide cooperative preservation programme has been launched in the United States with federal funding support with the aim of ensuring the responsible stewardship of published and documentary knowledge in all formats. The initial priority of this ambitious effort is a cooperative microfilming programme to capture the contents of three million brittle books in 20 years. This cooperative enterprise, requiring the coordination of selection and filming activities among many research institutions, will be financed by the coordination of funds from a variety of sources. An infrastructure of standards for format, bibliographic records, and appropriate quality controls to permit convenient access has been developed during the past 10 years. The programme includes an active effort to develop mechanisms to facilitate international cooperation in filming, sharing of bibliographic data, and exchange of master negatives.

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